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AP Psych Midterm Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A moderate positive correlation has been found between a person's weight and hours of television watched per week. Which of the following scatterplots best shows this relationship?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
2.
The part of the brain most closely associated with maintaining balance and the coordination of complex sequences of movements is the 
a)
hypothalamus
b)
cerebellum
c)
medulla
d)
pons
3.
What is the function of the hippocampus with in the brain?
a)
The organization of emotional events
b)
To store long term memories and regulate short term memories
c)
to regulate fear and anger
d)
the process of connecting the left and right hemispheres
4.
__________ are retinal receptors that detect black,white, and grey.
a)
cones
b)
rods
c)
optic nerves
d)
foves
5.
Diamond went swimming with friends who did not want to get into the water because it was cold. Diamond jumped in and after a few minutes declared it was cold when she first got in but then her body got used to it.Diamond's body got accustomed to the water due to....
a)
perceptual set
b)
absolute threshold
c)
selective attention
d)
sensory adaptation
6.
Parents say, “I’m taking away your phone because you failed Chemistry.”  Parents are using           
a)
positive punishment
b)
negative punishment
c)
positive reinforcement
d)
classical conditioning
7.
information processing guided by your pre existing knowledge or expectations to construct perceptions.
a)
top down processing
b)
Bottom up processing
c)
parallel processing
8.
Information processing that begins with sensory receptors and works up into the brain.
a)
top down processing
b)
subliminal processing
c)
bottom up processing
9.

If you are expecting an important text message, you are much more likely to notice the sound as soon as the message arrives. This best illustrates...

a)

priming

b)

signal detection theory

c)

difference threshold

d)

absolute threshold

e)

Weber's law

10.
Minimum difference between any two stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time.
a)
Weber's Law
b)
Absolute threshold
c)
Difference threshold
11.
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
a)
First female president of APA
b)
First woman author of a psychology book
c)
First woman to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
d)
Wife of G. Stanley Hall
12.
Which psychological perspective would be most interested in studying our brain structures & chemistry, genetics, glands, etc.?
a)
Biological
b)
Structuralism
c)
Functionalism
d)
Humanistic
13.
Which psychological perspective focuses on how we think about information?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behavioral
c)
Evolutionary
d)
Psychodynamic
14.
Which psychological perspective studies how the situation and our upbringing influence our behavior?
a)
Psychoanalysis
b)
Social-Cultural
c)
Behaviorism
d)
Functionalism
15.

Which is NOT a part of a neuron

a)

Synapses

b)

Dendrites

c)

Somas

d)

Axons

e)

Axon Terminals

16.

Which procedure controls the preexisting differences between groups of participants in an experiment?

a)

A double-blind design

b)

random sampling

c)

random assignment

d)

employing a confederate

e)

running one participant at a time

17.

What drug reduces the activity of the central nervous system, including the hippocampus and cerebellum

a)

methamphetamine

b)

cocaine

c)

caffeine

d)

alcohol

e)

MDMA (ecstasy)

18.

A patient only draws a slash through the circles on the right side of an image. This suggests that the patient has most likely experienced damage in which of the following areas?

a)

left occipital lobe

b)

medulla

c)

cerebellum

d)

Endocrine System

e)

Right hemisphere

19.

Who studies behavior

a)

Carl Rogers

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Wihelm Wundt

d)

William James

e)

John Watson

20.

The limbic system is associated with

a)

logic and reasoning

b)

decision making

c)

auditory comprehension

d)

emotions

e)

sensory sensitivity

21.

The notion that human behavior is greatly influenced by unconscious thoughts and desires consists with which approach?

a)

cognitive

b)

biological

c)

behavioral

d)

socicultural

e)

psychodynamic

22.

"Little Albert" shows us

a)

humans can learn through observation

b)

biological constraints affect learning in humans

c)

fear can be conditioned in humans

d)

punishment can effectively decrease behavior in humans

e)

learning in humans is fundamentally different from learning in other species

23.

activation-synthesis theory is

a)

The occipital lobe produces visual flashes of events from the day and your brain tries to process them into a coherent strory

b)

The forebrain attempts to place meaning on the random signals created from the activation of the brainstem, resulting in coherent dreams.

c)

The amygdala interprets visual images and processes the images through the emotions which is why we have a visual response to our dreams

d)

the activation of our senses

24.

For every 25 cell phones that tamara sells, she will get a $75 bonus. The bonuses are an example of which of the following types of reinforcement schedules?

a)

fixed ratio

b)

fixed interval

c)

variable ratio

d)

variable interval

e)

continuous

25.
If a researcher wants to be able to predict if two variables are related to each other they would use
a)
experimental research
b)
correlational research
c)
case study
d)
illusory research
26.
What is the scientific word that means “I knew it”?
a)
Gut feeling
b)
Hindsight bias
c)
Curious Skepticism
d)
Functionalism
27.
An explanation usiing an integrated set of principles that oragnizes observations and predicts behaviors or events are __________.
a)
Hindsight Bias
b)
Critical Thinking
c)
Hypothesis
d)
Theory
28.
Study in which people of different ages are compared to one another at a single point in time is what definition word?
a)
Longitudinal
b)
Cross-sectional
c)
Correlate
d)
Correlational
29.
What is a testable prediction that is often implied by a theory?
a)
Replication
b)
Hypothesis
c)
Naturalistic Observation
d)
Survey
30.
A positive correlation has a slope in a scatterplot closest to ____.
a)
0.5
b)
0
c)
1
d)
-1
31.
What happens with positive correlation?
a)
2 variable rise together
b)
2 variables fall together
c)
1 variable rises, 1 stays the same
d)
1 variable rises, 1 falls
32.
Which form of correlation does the given data set have? Increase in time spent playing sports, decrease in grade point average.
a)
Posotive Correlation
b)
No Correlation
c)
Discriminating Correlation
d)
Negative Correlation
33.
The less soda I drink, the more energy I have. What kind of correlation is this?
a)
No correlation
b)
Positive
c)
Negative
d)
All the above
34.
A teacher wants to find out the average score of their class' test. What should she use to figure it out?
a)
Mode
b)
Mean
c)
Median
d)
Range
35.
What is a placebo effect?
a)
The "cause" variable
b)
The variable that is affected
c)
Experimental results caused by expectations alone
d)
Stays the same
36.
What produces an unrepresentable sample?
a)
sample bias
b)
population
c)
correlation studies
d)
Survey
37.
What is the definition of overconfidence?
a)
humans think we know more than we do
b)
just knowing something
c)
brain tries to find an order or patterns
d)
My opinion doesn’t matter, but what science reveals does
38.
What is a common cause of multiple sclerosis?
a)
Myelin sheath degeneration
b)
Axon terminals
c)
Cell body
d)
Synapse gap
39.
What natural morphine does the body create that is considered a “runner’s high”
a)
Dopamine
b)
Serotonin
c)
Glutamate
d)
Endorphins
40.

Drugs that occupy (block) receptors but do not activate them are called?

a)

Antagonists

b)

Agonists

c)

Acetylcholine

d)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

41.
Which type of neuron carries information from the CNS to the muscles and glands?
a)
Neurotransmitter
b)
Motor Neuron
c)
Sensory Neuron
d)
Interneurons
42.
A hemispherectomy is the severing of the _____
a)
Corpus Callosum
b)
Brain Stem
c)
Hippocampus
d)
Cerebellum
43.
What are the two main divisions of the nervous system?
a)
Autonomic and Somatic
b)
Peripheral and Central
c)
Sensory and Motor
d)
Sympathetic and Parasympathetic
44.
In what order does an electrical impulse travel through a neuron?
a)
Nucleus, cell body, Dendrite, axon terminal, axon
b)
Synapse, Nucleus, Dendrite, Axon
c)
Dendrite, Cell Body, Axon, Axon Terminals
d)
Cell Body, Dendrite, Axon Terminals, Synapse
45.
What is it called when a brief electrical charge travels down a neuron's axon?
a)
Resting Potential
b)
Depolarization
c)
Action Potential
d)
Repolarization
46.
What is the master gland of the brain?
a)
Hippocampus
b)
Thalamus
c)
Pituitary Gland
d)
Pons
47.
What is the process called when extra neurotransmitters are reabsorbed?
a)
Reuptake
b)
Excitatory
c)
Repolarization
d)
Action potential
48.
Steven is a 5 year old boy who just had a hemispherectomy. Because of _______, his brain will create new learning pathways to regain normal function.
a)
Association areas
b)
Dual processing
c)
Lateralization
d)
Placticity
49.
Which organ of the brain processes the emotions of fear and anger?
a)
Thalamus
b)
pons
c)
medulla oblongata
d)
amygdala
50.
Which brain scan is used to see areas that are being activated while performing different task?
a)
EEG
b)
CT Scan
c)
MRI
d)
PET
51.

Where is the somatosensory cortex?

a)

frontal lobe

b)

occipital lobe

c)

parietal Lobes

d)

temporal lobe

52.
Which neurotransmitter affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal?
a)
Acetylcholine (ACh)
b)
Serotonin
c)
GABA
d)
Dopamine
53.

In the human eye, rods are to _________, as cones are to ________.

a)

light/ color

b)

color/ light

c)

monochromat/ dichromat

d)

dichromat/ monochromat

e)

lens/ iris

54.

What sense helps maintain balance?

a)

Vestibular

b)

Kinesthetic

c)

Proprioception

d)

Audition

e)

Olfaction

55.

The phenomenon of color constancy best demonstrates that...

a)

an object's perceived color is influenced by its surrounding objects

b)

the retina has three types of color receptors

c)

the brain processes information about color and shape simultaneously

d)

quivering eye movements help to maintain the perception of color

e)

color vision depends on pairs of opposing retinal processes

56.

The area of the brain that receives information from the nose is directly connected to the limbic system, rather than relayed first through the thalamus. This connection may explain why smells are often involved in...

a)

pain sensations

b)

altered states of consciousness

c)

subliminal messages

d)

vivid memories

e)

retinal disparity

57.

The classic gate-control theory suggests that pain is experienced when small nerve fibers activate and open a neural gate in the...

a)

basilar membrane

b)

spinal cord

c)

semicircular canal

d)

olfactory bulbs

e)

fovea

58.

Where is the basilar membrane located?

a)

middle ear

b)

auditory canal

c)

semicircular canal

d)

cochlea

e)

feature detected

59.

The coiled, fluid filled tube in which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called...

a)

eustachian tube

b)

auditory canal

c)

semicircular canal

d)

cochlea

e)

vestibular aparatus

60.

What color afterimage would occur after viewing the color blue?

a)

blue

b)

red

c)

yellow

d)

green

e)

white

61.

The principle that two stimuli must differ by a constant proportion for their difference to be perceived is known as...

a)

opponent process theory

b)

feature detector

c)

sensory interaction

d)

Weber's law

e)

absolute threshold

62.

a person typically fails to consciously perceive their own nose in their line of vision. This best illustrates...

a)

subliminal perception

b)

change blindness

c)

cocktail party effect

d)

selective attention

e)

visual cliff

63.

While waiting in line at Starbucks, Kramer was playing games on his cell phone and subsequently failed to see the customer in front of him rob the cashier. This is an example of...

a)

inattentional blindness

b)

place theory

c)

blind spot

d)

feature detectors

e)

sensory adaptation

64.

What three primary colors of light are detected by your cones?

a)

Green, red, and blue

b)

Black, gray, and white

c)

Blue, red, and yellow

d)

Blue, green, and purple

e)

Cyan, magenta, and yellow

65.

What is the first part of the eye that light hits?

a)

lens

b)

cornea

c)

pupil

d)

retina

e)

iris

66.
The fact that perceptions involve more than the sum of our sensations best illustrates the importance of: 
a)
top-down processing
b)
interposition
c)
retinal disparity
d)
visual capture
67.
The ability to attend to one voice among many
a)
Inattentional blindness
b)
Cocktail party effect
c)
Habituation
d)
Habituation
68.
A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not the other
a)
Perceptual set
b)
Context effect
c)
ESP
d)
Top down processing
69.
What is bottom up processing?
a)
no prior knowledge
b)
prior knowledge
c)
ability to attend to one voice among many
d)
failing to notice change in the environment
70.
A subliminal stimuli is ____ the absolute threshold.
a)
Above
b)
Below
c)
At
d)
near
71.
Negative reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.
a)
Increases; decreases
b)
Decreases; increases
c)
Decreases; decreases
d)
Increases; does not affect
72.

According to _________ theory, you are not consciously aware of how external stimuli have shaped your behavioral responses.

a)

Constructive memory

b)

repressive memory

c)

episodic memory

d)

priming

73.
Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long.  Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful.  After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated.  In this scenario, what is the conditioned response (CR)?
a)
tuna
b)
nausea
c)
mayo
d)
sight of any sandwich
74.
 Leah is interested in helping her daughter learn manners. Each time her daughter says something that is close to appropriate, she rewards her. Eventually, her daughter should learn good manners. What term is explained by this process?
a)
shaping
b)
habituation 
75.
 When an animal receives a punishment but learns that pressing a button will eliminate the punishment, escape learning takes place. However, if there is no response that will turn off the shock, the situation is best described as what?
a)
avoidance learning
b)
learned helplessness
76.

A particular group of brain cells seems to provide a basis for observational learning. Researchers call these specialized cells...

a)

Efferent neurons

b)

Afferent neurons

c)

Mirror neurons

d)

Motor neurons

e)

Schwann cells

77.
Marie works in a dress factory where she earns $10 for each three dresses she hems. Marie is paid on a
a)
variable ratio
b)
fixed interval
c)
fixed ratio
d)
variable interval
78.
Which of the following scenarios illustrates a variable interval schedule of reinforcement?
a)
Receiving a paycheck every two weeks
b)
Holding regular, but unpredictable, fire drills
c)
Earning a prize for every five books read in the library’s summer reading program
d)
Receiving five additional vacation days for each year of employment at a company
79.

If a child is offered a reward after they earn five A’s on her homework assignments. After her fifth A on a homework assignment, she gets to pick out a new toy, what type of intermittent reinforcement does this display?

a)

Variable Ratio Schedule - VR

b)

Fixed Interval Schedule - FI

c)

Variable Interval Schedule - VI

d)

Fixed Ratio Schedule - FR

80.

In classical conditioning, the unlearned naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus such as salivation when food is put into the mouth.

a)

unconditioned response (UR)

b)

Conditioned response (CR)

c)

Unconditioned stimulus (US)

d)

Conditioned stimulus (CS)

81.

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.

a)

sensorimotor stage

b)

conservation

c)

object permanence

d)

egocentrism

82.

Jean Piaget defined egocentrism as

a)

the belief that young adults don’t listen to their parents.

b)

the idea that preschool children cannot see things from another’s point of view.

c)

the understanding that young children cannot learn outside of a structured classroom.

d)

the belief that children cannot do more than one task at a time.

83.

According to Jean Piaget, what abilities in learning do individuals acquire during the formal operational stage?

a)

abstract thought

b)

symbolism

c)

memorization skills

d)

auditory

84.

According to Lawrence Kohlberg, during the pre-conventional stage of moral development children tend to

a)

use abstract thoughts or principles to determine their behavior.

b)

make behavioral decisions based on legal issues.

c)

understand morality based on customs or values.

d)

interpret behavior in terms of concrete consequences.

85.

As a preschooler, Emma has developed a number of cognitive and social skills that she will use to assume responsibility for her actions. According to Erik Erikson, what stage of psychosocial development is Emma in?

a)

trust versus mistrust

b)

autonomy versus self-doubt

c)

initiative versus guilt

d)

identity versus role confusion

86.

During a discussion in class regarding cheating in school, a student argues, “Cheating is wrong, it is important to follow rules.” Lawrence Kohlberg would say this student is in what stage of moral development?

a)

Preconventional

b)

Conventional

c)

Postconventional

d)

Advanced conventional

87.

Harry Harlow’s experiment with monkeys and surrogate mothers emphasized the importance of

a)

satisfying hunger.

b)

body temperature.

c)

fulfilling needs.

d)

contact comfort.

88.

Authoritative parents can best be defined as

a)

parents who befriend their children and do not use discipline.

b)

parents who are less controlling and behave with a more accepting attitude.

c)

parents who try to control the behavior of their children in accordance with a set standard of conduct.

d)

supportive parents who discuss their rules and policies with their children.

89.

A 38-year-old woman quits her high-paying marketing job to focus on her children and become a school counselor. What stage would Erikson consider this to be?

a)

Idenitity vs. Role Confusion

b)

Generativity vs. Stagnation

c)

Ego Integrity vs. Despair

d)

Industry vs. Inferiority

90.
The  ________________________________ parenting style uses a "hands off" approach, where children learn from the consequences of their actions. The parent considers themselves as a friend to their child.
a)
Authoritative
b)
Neglecting
c)
Permissive
d)
Authoritarian
91.

Jane, a preschooler, insists on dressing herself each morning for school, even though she generally selects mismatching outfits, misses buttons, and wears her shoes on the wrong feet. When her mother tries to dress Jane or fix her outfit, Jane brushes her mother off and insists on doing it herself. What stage of psychosocial development best describes Jane’s behavior?

a)

Trust vs. Mistrust

b)

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

c)

Initiative vs. Guilt

d)

Industry vs. Inferiority

92.

Ethel, who is 80 years old, lost her husband last year, and her children hardly ever come to visit. She looks back on her life with a lot of regret. According to Erik Erikson she is probably experiencing

a)

stagnation.

b)

depression.

c)

regression.

d)

despair.

93.
Adjusting current schemas to make sense of new information is called
a)
assimilation.
b)
accommodation.
c)
egocentrism.
94.

Who proposed the idea of scaffolding as a form of development?

a)

Seligman

b)

Piaget

c)

Premack

d)

Vygotsky

95.

Who discussed the concept of imprinting?

a)

Baumrind

b)

Lorenz

c)

S. Hall

d)

J. Haidt

96.

According to Piaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage.

a)

sensorimotor

b)

preoperational

c)

concrete operational

d)

formal operational

97.

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation paradigm is used to test young children's

a)

ego strength.

b)

intelligence.

c)

reaction time.

d)

attachment.

98.

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called

a)

learning.

b)

assimilation.

c)

accommodation.

d)

accepting.

99.

The experiment with Harry Harlow and the monkeys prove what about humans?

a)

We need food to survive.

b)

We need human touch to survive.

c)

We want human touch over food.

d)

We want food over human touch.

100.

In a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants with a secure maternal attachment are most likely to

a)

act as if their mothers were of little importance to them.

b)

leave their mother's side in order to explore their surroundings.

c)

cry when their mothers leave them.

d)

attach themselves to another adult.

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