Font size
WorksheetsBlood and Tissue Flagellates - Trypanosoma
Total questions: 53
Worksheet time: 34mins
Trypanosoma shape
Round and blunted
Fusiform and flattened
Round and flattened
Fusiform and blunted
The anterior end of trypanosoma is ________
Round/Blunt
Tapered
The posterior end of trypanosoma is ________
Round/Blunt
Tapered
The flagellum is found on the ______ end
Posterior
Anterior
The kinetoplast is found on the _______ end
Posterior
Anterior
Trypanosoma has the ability to store carbohydrates
True
False
[Stages of Development]
lacks flagellum and undulating membrane
Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote
[Stages of Development]
has flagellum but lacks undulating membrane
Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote
[Stages of Development]
has flagellum and undulating membrane which covers
only half of the body of the parasite
Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote
[Stages of Development]
- Fully-formed mature parasite
- Has flagellum and undulating membrane which covers the whole body of the parasite
Amastigote
Promastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote
Etiologic agent of Chagas disease or American
trypanosomiasis
(a)
In which trypanosome group does Trypanosoma cruzi belong?
CLUE: This group of trypanosomes multiply within the mammalian host in a discontinuous manner.
Salivaria
Stercoraria
What is the definitive host for Trypanosoma cruzi?
(a)
What is the intermediate host for Trypanosoma cruzi?
(a)
In Trypanosoma cruzi, this stage of development is found intracellularly and in the bloodstream of humans.
Amastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote
In Trypanosoma cruzi, this stage of development is found intracellularly in humans and is never found in the bloodstream.
Amastigote
Epimastigote
Trypomastigote
Promastigote
In reduviid bugs, this/these stage/s of development of Trypanosoma cruzi can be found in the midgut.
Trypomastigote
Amastigote
Epimastigote
Promastigote
In reduviid bugs, this/these stage/s of development of Trypanosoma cruzi can be found in the hindgut.
Trypomastigote
Amastigote
Epimastigote
Promastigote
In the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, the host accidentally spreads the feces, and the trypomastigotes in it enter the host through the wound or intact mucosal membranes (such as conjunctiva). This is considered as the ______
INFECTIVE STAGE for definitive host
INFECTIVE STAGE for intermediate host
PATHOLOGIC STAGE
In the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, the metacyclic trypanosomes are engulfed by macrophages of the reticuloendothelial system. Inside the cells, they transform into amastigotes. This is considered as the __________
INFECTIVE STAGE for definitive host
INFECTIVE STAGE for intermediate host
PATHOLOGIC STAGE
In the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi, trypomastigotes get released into the bloodstream and infect cells from a variety of tissues (commonly the heart tissues) and transform into intracellular amastigotes into these new sites, or they can be ingested by another insect vector. This is considered as the _________
INFECTIVE STAGE for definitive host
INFECTIVE STAGE for intermediate host
PATHOLOGIC STAGE
In Trypanosoma cruzi, a triatomine (reduviid) bug becomes infected by feeding on a ____________ infected human/animal blood
Trypomastigote
Epimastigote
In the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi, what do you call the furuncle-like lesions associated with induration, central edema, and regional lymphadenopathy?
Additional info:
- Represent site of entry of the parasite
- Commonly referred to as palpebral and periocular firm
swelling when they occur on the eyelids
(a)
In the acute phase of Trypanosoma cruzi, what do you call the unilateral painless palpebral edema and conjunctivitis involving the lacrimal gland and surrounding lymph nodes?
(a)
In the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi, the (a) is the primary organ affected.
In the chronic phase of Trypanosoma cruzi, fibrotic reactions cause injury to the enteric nervous system. The decrease in the nerve ganglia may lead to (a)
What is the primary tool for diagnosis of Chagas disease?
Blood culture
PCR
Complete patient history
Xenodiagnosis
What is the tool used for the definitive diagnosis of Chagas disease during acute phase?
Direct examination (Giemsa stain)
Cerebrospinal fluid
Concentration methods (microhematocrit)
During the chronic phase of Chagas disease, the trypomastigotes are usually not found circulating in blood
and thus, (a) is recommended.
Two drugs recommended for treatment of acute phase
Chagas disease (associated with severe side effects):
Benznidazole
Mebendazole
Metronidazole
Nifurtimox
What is the etiologic agent for Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as African Sleeping Sickness?
(a)
[Trypanosoma brucei subspecies]
- Gambian Sleeping Sickness
- Chronic form
- Clinically important, fatal
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
[Trypanosoma brucei subspecies]
- Rhodesian Sleeping Sickness
- Acute form
- Clinically important, fatal
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
[Trypanosoma brucei subspecies]
- Affects wild and domestic animals
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei brucei
In which trypanosome group does Trypanosoma brucei belong?
Salivaria
Stercoraria
What is the vector of Trypanosoma brucei?
(a)
Woodland tsetse flies are responsible for what type of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies?
T. brucei rhodesiense
T. brucei gambiense
River banks tsetse flies are responsible for what type of Trypanosoma brucei subspecies?
T. brucei rhodesiense
T. brucei gambiense
Trypanosoma brucei is only found in these forms
Amastigote
Epimastigote
Promastigote
Trypomastigote
Trypanosoma brucei can also be transmitted through the placenta
True
False
In the early/hemolymphatic stage of Gambian trypanosomiasis, the posterior cervical lymph nodes are enlarged, nontender, and rubbery in consistency. What do you call this sign?
(a)
In the late/meningoencephalitic stage of Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT), delayed bilateral pain is felt which is out of proportion to the extent of the injury (feeling ng patient na biniyak mo siya kahit kurot lang naman ginawa mo). What do you call this deep, delayed hyperesthesia?
(a)
_____________ is more useful in diagnosing T. brucei
rhodesiense due to the relatively higher levels of parasitemia.
Immunofluorescence
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Blood examination
What do you call the commercially available test kit which detects circulating antigens of T. brucei complex? This can be used in the field to screen at-risk populations, is rapid, and has a high specificity for screening HAT cases.
(a)
Intravenous treatment for both T. gambiense and rhodesiense in the first early stage. Side effects include: fever, rash, renal insufficiency, muscle pain, paresthesia
Pentamidine
Suramin sodium
Melarsoprol
Intramuscular treatment for T. gambiense in the first/early stage.
Pentamidine
Suramin sodium
Melarsoprol
The drug of choice for HAT's CNS stage. It is an arsenic-containing drug effective for both types of infection. It can cause fatal arsenic encephalopathy which prevented by co-administration of corticosteroids.
Pentamidine
Melarsoprol
Nitrofurazone
What do you call the febrile reaction of the body due to the lysis of trypanosomes following melarsoprol treatment?
Anaphylaxis
Drug Hypersensitivity
Jarisch-Herxheimer Reaction
Thrombocytopenia
The second-line drug for HAT's CNS stage.
Pentamidine
Suramin sodium
Melarsoprol
Nitrofurazone
This drug for HAT's CNS stage is a newer drug which is less toxic compared to Melarsoprol. It can also be used during the hemolymphatic stage and is only effective against T. brucei gambiense.
Pentamidine
Suramin sodium
Eflornithine
Nitrofurazone
A combination treatment for trypanosomiasis in CNS stage
(a)
A subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei
- Western and central region of the sub-Saharan Africa
- 95% of HAT cases
- Humans
- Reservoir Host include dogs, pigs, and sheep
- Manifestation may be after months or years
- Chronic
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
A subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei
- East Africa
- 5% of HAT cases
- Cattles and wild animals
- Humans are accidental hosts
- Manifestations may be just weeks after the infection
- Acute, rapidly fatal
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
