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Behaviour Modification

Total questions: 74

Worksheet time: 3605secs

Name
Class
Date
1.

LIMA stands for

a)

Least intrusive minimally adversive

b)

Less Intrusivive maximum affect

c)

Least intruisive maximumly advantageous

d)

Least invasive minimally adversive

2.

ANY EVENT OR SITUATION THAT EVOKES A RESPONSE IS KNOWN AS?

a)

ACQUISITION

b)

STIMULUS

c)

REINFORCMENT

d)

SHAPING

3.

WHAT IS THE TYPE OF BEHAVIOR THAT OPERATES ON THE ENVIRONMENT, PRODUCING CONSEQUENCES?

a)

BEHAVIORISM

b)

RESPONDENT BEHAVIOR

c)

ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING

d)

OPERANT BEHAVIOR

4.

WHAT IS A TYPE OF LEARNING IN WHICH WE LINK TWO OR MORE STIMULI?

a)

CLASSICAL CONDITIOINING

b)

OPERANT CONDITIONING

c)

COGNITIVE LEARNING

d)

RESPONDENT BEHAVIOR

5.

IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, A STIMULUS THAT ELICITS NO RESPONSE BEFORE CONDITIONING

a)

ACQUISITION

b)

EXTINCTION

c)

NEUTRAL STIMULS

d)

SHAPING

6.

IN CLASSICAL CONDITIONING, WHAT IS THE INITIAL STAGE, WHEN ONE LINKS A NEUTRAL STIMULUS AND AN UNCONDITIONAL STIMULUS SO THAT THE NEUTRAL STIMULUS BEGINS TRIGGERING THE CONDITIONED RESPONSE?

a)

REINFORCEMENT

b)

EXTINCTION

c)

ACQUISITION

d)

SHAPING

7.

WHAT IS THE DIMINISHING OF A CONDITIONED RESPONSE?

a)

EXTINCTION

b)

OPERANT BEHAVIOR

c)

ACQUISITION

d)

STIMULUS

8.

IN OPERANT CONDITIONING, WHAT IS AN EVENT THAT STRENGTHENS THE BEHAVIOR IT FOLLOWS?

a)

REINFORCMENT

b)

ACQUISITION

c)

EXTINCTION

d)

SHAPING

9.

WHAT IS AN OPERANT CONDITIONING PROCEDURE IN WHICH REINFORCERS GUIDE BEHAVIOR TOWARD CLOSER AND CLOSER APPROXIMATIONS?

a)

OPERANT BEHAVIOR

b)

RESPONDENT BEHAVIOR

c)

SHAPING

d)

STIMULUS

10.

TO PSYCHOLOGISTS, LEARNING IS?

a)

A long term change in behavior that is based on experience

b)

A constant set of individuals situated in a controlled environment

c)

The typical desks, students, lecture, text books scenario

d)

All of the above

11.

WHAT'S ANOTHER WORD FOR OPERANT IN THE PHRASE OPERANT CONDITIONING?

a)

CLASSICAL

b)

INSTRUMENTAL

c)

COGNITIVE

d)

SPATIAL

12.

How might chimpanzees learn tool use?

a)

ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING

b)

OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING

c)

LOGICAL LEARNING

d)

SOLITARY LEARNING

13.

PAVLOV'S DOG SALIVATING EXPERIMENT IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT TYPE OF CONDITIONING?

a)

CLASSICAL

b)

OPERANT

14.

Buzz is a very clever and sensitive dog. When he was a puppy, he learned that lightning is followed by loud and

frightening thunder. Now, when there is a flash of lightning, Buzz begins to tremble even before he hears the thunder.

Buzz has also learned that when he sees the lightning he can then run through the dog door into the house, where he feels safer.


Buzz’s response of trembling when there is a flash of lightning and his response of running indoors are, respectively, examples of;

a)

classical conditioning/operant conditioning.

b)

operant conditioning/classical conditioning.

c)

operant conditioning/trial-and-error learning.

d)

trial-and-error learning/classical conditioning

15.

In the lightening scenario, a distinction can be made between the types of learning because Buzz’s trembling at the lightning

a)

is a voluntary response, whereas running indoors is a reflexive response.

b)

is an involuntary response, whereas running indoors is a voluntary response.

c)

indicates an active participant, whereas running indoors indicates a passive participant.

d)

reflects the process of stimulus generalisation, whereas running indoors reflects the process of stimulus

discrimination.

16.

A key difference between classical and operant conditioning is that in classical conditioning;

a)

the learner is passive, while in operant conditioning the learner is active.

b)

stimulus discrimination is common, while in operant conditioning stimulus discrimination is rare.

c)

stimulus generalisation is rare, while in operant conditioning stimulus generalisation is common.

d)

learning is based on a voluntary response, while in operant conditioning learning is based on a reflexive response.

17.

SKINNER'S PIGEON OR RAT BOX EXPERIMENTS ARE AN EXAMPLE OF WHAT TYPE OF CONDITIONING?

a)

CLASSICAL

b)

OPERANT

18.

One of the key differences between classical and operant conditioning is that

a)

in classical conditioning responses can be extinguished, while in operant conditioning responses cannot

be extinguished.

b)

in classical conditioning responses cannot be extinguished, while in operant conditioning responses can

be extinguished.

c)

in classical conditioning learning is based on a reflexive response, while in operant conditioning learning

is based on voluntary behaviour.

d)

in classical conditioning learning is based on voluntary behaviour, while in operant conditioning learning

is based on a reflexive response.

19.

WHAT'S THE BEST CONCISE DEFINITION OF OPERANT CONDITIONING?

a)

Explains how circumstances lead to changes in involuntary behavior

b)

A philosophical tool used to aide discussions around behavior modification

c)

Explains how consequences lead to changes in voluntary behavior

d)

The study of how rules are easily broken

20.

In _________________ the learner is active.

a)

operant conditioning

b)

classical conditioning

c)

both operant and classical conditioning

d)

neither operant nor classical conditioning

21.

Which one of the following elements is associated with learning by operant conditioning, but not by classical

conditioning?

a)

extinction

b)

punishment

c)

stimulus discrimination

d)

acquisition

22.
Who is the psychologist known for Classical Conditioning
a)
Ivan Pavlov
b)
Sigmund Freud
c)
Skinner
d)
E.L Thorndike 
23.
Define conditioned response
a)
A response that does not have to be learned
b)
A response that has been learned
c)
A stimulus that produced the response in an unconditioned reflex
d)
A form of learning
24.
What is classical conditioning?
a)
Learning caused by pairing and association of two stimuli
b)
Learning by responding to environmental stimuli
c)
Learning explained by its consequences
d)
Learning explained by modelling 
25.
In Pavlov's classic experiment, food was the
a)
Unconditioned stimulus
b)
Unconditioned response
c)
conditioned stimulus
d)
conditioned response
26.
Tamara normally feeds her cat canned cat food. She noticed that every time she uses her electric can opener, her cat comes to the kitchen. What is the conditioned stimulus?
a)
The cat food
b)
The sound of the electric can opener
c)
The cat coming to the kitchen
d)
Tamara
27.
In classical conditioning, the UCR:
a)
happens after the CR
b)
is the response to the CS.
c)
is the response to the UCS
d)
triggers the UCS to occur.
28.

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

a)

clapping after a thrilling concert performance

b)

jumping rope

c)

running through a maze to get a food reward

d)

panting in hot weather

29.
The conditioned stimulus (CS):
a)
is the response to the US.
b)
is originally the neutral stimulus that gains the power to cause the CR.
c)
triggers an unconditioned response reflexively or automatically when the CR happens.
d)
is what triggers the US to occur.
30.
The conditioned response (CR) is the usually the same as the
a)
CS
b)
UCS
c)
UCR
d)
CR
31.
Once Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of a bell, the bell was a(n)
a)
unconditioned stimulus
b)
neutral stimulus 
c)
conditioned stimulus
d)
unconditioned response
32.
Which of the following is true of classical conditioning?
a)
UCS produces UCR
b)
CR produces the CS
c)
UCR produces the CS
d)
 CS produces the UCS
33.
Dylan’s mother buys him a sailor’s cap before they go on a family fishing trip. On the boat, Dylan gets nauseated and vomits. Th e next day he gets nauseated just from looking at the sailor’s cap. The sailor’s cap has become:
a)
The unconditioned stimulus
b)
The conditioned stimulus
c)
The conditioned response
d)
The unconditioned response
34.

Which of the following is an example of Classical Conditioning?

a)

Punishment

b)

Positive Reinforcement

c)

Pavlov's Dog

d)

Skinner Box

35.

What is a stimulus?

a)

A response to an action

b)

A colloquial phrase

c)

Something that causes a response

d)

Something the government uses to help the economy

36.

Which type of conditioning focuses on voluntary actions that you can control?

a)

Classical

b)

Operant

c)

Both

37.
A lion in a circus learns to stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop to receive a food treat.
a)
classical
b)
operant
c)
observational
38.

In the Little Albert experiment, the Neutral stimulus is the:

a)

rat

b)

fear

c)

loud noise

d)

mother

39.
In the Little Albert experiment, the Unconditioned Stimulus is the:
a)
loud noise
b)
fear
c)
rat
d)
mother
40.

In the Little Albert experiment, the Conditioned stimulus also is the:

a)

rat

b)

fear

c)

mother

d)

loud noise

41.
The sudden recurrence of a conditioned response after extinction has taken place is referred to as 
a)
relearning
b)
stimulus discrimination
c)
stimulus generalization 
d)
spontaneous recovery
42.
The slow process of gradual exposure to a phobic stimulus/situation refers to...
a)
Systematic Desensitisation
b)
Flooding
c)
Fear Hierarchy
d)
Classical conditioining
43.
What is the key difference between flooding and systematic desensitisation?
a)
Flooding involves forced and prolonged exposure to the fear in one single session, whereas SD involves gradual exposure over various sessions
b)
They are used to treat different types of phobias such as evoluntionary based phobias and other phobias
44.
What is classical conditioning?
a)
Learning caused by pairing and association of two stimuli
b)
Learning by responding to environmental stimuli
c)
Learning explained by its consequences
d)
Learning explained by modelling 
45.
Define conditioned response
a)
A response that does not have to be learned
b)
A response that has been learned
c)
A stimulus that produced the response in an unconditioned reflex
d)
A form of learning
46.
Learning is defined as
a)
any behavior emitted by an organism without being elicited
b)
A changed in the behavior of the organism
c)
A relatively permanent change in the behavior of an organism due to experience
d)
Behavior based on operant rather than respondent conditioning
47.
Having to earn 3 gold stars in order to get an item from the class treasure chest is an example of a _______________ schedule of reinforcement.
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
48.
Having to remain quiet for 10 minutes before you are allowed to go back out and play is a 
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
49.
Slot machines are an example of ____ schedule of reinforcement. (You don't know how many attempts it will take)
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
50.
A student does every homework assignment even though the teacher does not always collect the assignments.  This is an example of 
a)
fixed ratio
b)
variable ratio
c)
fixed interval
d)
variable interval
51.
Your parents will lift your being grounded as soon as you have finished all your chores.  This is an example of 
a)
positive reinforcement
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
aversive control
52.
Your allowance for doing your chores at home is an example of
a)
positive reinforcement
b)
negative reinforcement
c)
aversive control
53.
A rat getting food for pressing a lever
a)
Positive Reinforcement
b)
Negative Reinforcement
c)
Positive Punishment
d)
Negative Punishment
54.

In operant conditioning, behaviors are shaped by

a)

triggers

b)

signals

c)

consequences

d)

sounds

55.

What did John B. Watson learn from the infamously unethical "Little Albert" experiment?

a)

Phobias are something we're born with

b)

all humans have the same innate fears

c)

children lose fears as they get older

d)

fears can be created by circumstances and conditioning

56.

True or false: BF Skinner defined operant behavior as organisms operating on an environment and observing.

a)

True

b)

False

57.

Punishment is meant to

a)

avoid pain

b)

increase pleasure

c)

decrease the occurrence of undesirable behaviors

d)

create a sense of wellness

58.
In Pavlov’s experiment on salivation in dogs, the neutral stimulus was ____________ and the conditioned stimulus was ______________.
a)
the bell; the bell
b)
the bell; salivation
c)
the meat powder; the bell
d)
the meat powder; salivation
59.
When a response occurs in the presence of one stimulus, but does not occur in the presence of other stimuli, _____________ is said to have taken place
a)
association 
b)
discrimination
c)
generalization
d)
stimulus recognition 
60.
Stimulus generalization occurs when
a)
two stimuli are similar to one another
b)
two stimuli become associated with one another
c)
an organism responds to new stimuli that are similar to the original conditioned stimulus 
61.
Gemma enjoys playing with her grandmother’s dog.  However, Gemma avoids going near her neighbour’s dog and she refuses to play with him.  The neighbour’s dog barked and frightened Gemma on a couple of occasions earlier this year. Gemma’s behaviour demonstrates
a)
extinction
b)
spontaneous recovery
c)
discrimination 
d)
generalization
62.
Benny’s mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving the 3-year-old his favorite candy as soon as they board the boat. The mother’s strategy best illustrates: 
a)
counterconditioning. 
b)
relaxation training.
c)
the placebo effect.
d)
aversive conditioning.
63.

The process that ____________ the likelihood of a behavior occurring again is most appropriately called ___________

a)

Increases, Trial and Error Learning

b)

Decreases, Shaping

c)

Increases, Reinforcement

d)

Decreases, Active Learning

64.

An unpleasant consequence of a behavior that __________ the likelihood of that behavior occurring again is called _____________.

a)

Increases, Punishment

b)

Increases, Reinforcer

c)

Decreases, Punishment

d)

Decreases, Reinforcer

65.

What is this called?

a)

Skinner Box

b)

Reinforcement Device

c)

Shaping Device

d)

None of the above

66.

a problem-solving method in which multiple attempts are made to reach a solution. If the behavior “works” the behavior is repeated, if it doesn’t a new behavior is tried until success / solution is achieved.

a)

Trial and Error learning

b)

Avoidance Learning

c)

Operant learning

d)

Classical Learning

67.

Small chamber created to conduct operant conditioning research with animals - a lever that an individual animal can operate to obtain a food or water within the chamber as a reinforcer.

a)

was key to the development of operant theory

b)

was called a "skinner box"

c)

provided both reinforcers (food) and punishment (shock)

d)

all answers are correct

68.

Which of the following is an accurate description of how to best operantly condition a person or animal

a)

Provide immediate reinforcement or punishment after the behavior occurs

b)

Find out what is reinforcing to the specific animal or person

c)

Avoid punishment when possible

d)

All of the above

69.

In the process of operant conditioning, a person or animal learns to expect a particular result or consequence after they behave in a certain way.

a)

True

b)

False

70.

Reinforcement tends to ______________ behaviors while punishment __________________ behaviors.

a)

Increase, Decrease

b)

Decrease, Increase

71.

a behavior followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus or a decrease in the intensity of a stimulus which results in the strengthening of the behavior (to avoid it or escape it) is called:

a)

Negative Reinforcement

b)

Positive Reinforcement

72.

a behavior followed by the addition of a pleasant stimulus (or the increase in quantity or quality of a pleasant stimulus) which results in a the increasing of that behavior is most appropriately referred to as:

a)

Negative Reinforcement

b)

Positive Reinforcement

73.

What method do you think was used to train these pigeons to play ping pong?

a)

Classical Conditioning

b)

Systematic Desensitization

c)

Shaping

d)

None of the answers are correct

74.

Who is the psychologist known for the term "the law of effect"

a)

Ivan Pavlov

b)

Sigmund Freud

c)

Skinner

d)

E.L Thorndike

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