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WorksheetsF25 EOC Review
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 48mins
How is a DNA molecule arranged?
Hummingbirds thrive in warm, moist climates and their primary source of food is nectar from flowering plants. A three-year drought is expected in an ecosystem. How will this most likely affect the hummingbird population in that ecosystem?
the hummingbirds will increase their reproductive rate in order to ensure enough individuals survive
the hummingbirds will decrease their reproductive rate in order to decreases genetic diversity within the population
the hummingbirds will immediately adapt to eat new food sources, increasing the overall survival rate of the population
the hummingbirds will struggle to find food, and only those that can adapt to new food sources will survive
What is the significance of three consecutive nucleotides in DNA?
they code for one amino acid
they code for three amino acids
they code for one complete protein
they code for three complete proteins
A cell experiences an error during the cell cycle, causing it to go through cytokinesis before mitosis. Which statement best describes the new cells?
the new cells will be double the size of the original
the new cells will have twice as much DNA as the original cell
the new cells will have no DNA or organelles but will continue progressing through the cell cycle
the new cells will have an incorrect amount of DNA and organelles, and will likely experience cell death
Among birds, some skin cells grow feathers when they mature, while other skin cells grow scales at maturity. Which statement best explains the difference?
skin cells exposed to colder environments grow feathers, while skin cells exposed to wet environments grow scales
while all cells all have the same DNA, specialized cells express certain traits that produce feathers or scales
skin cells that have feathers are diploid, while skin cells that make scales are haploid
some skin cells have different DNA to build structures like feathers and scales
Which transfer of energy represents photosynthesis?
solar to chemical
chemical to heat
chemical to ATP
solar to ATP
Which substance must be present to release energy in the form of glucose?
hydrogen
oxygen
lactic acid
carbon dioxide
Which is an example of the cycling carbon?
animals use the carbon in carbon dioxide for cellular respiration
Graphene is formed by causing carbon atoms to align in a particular way.
carbon dioxide is trapped in the atmosphere and contributes to the greenhouse effect
a plant uses carbon in carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and is eaten by an animal
How does the cellular membrane of an organism help maintain homeostasis within the cell?
it serves as a solid membrane, allowing no materials to pass into and out of the cell
it serves as an impermeable membrane, allowing only water to move into and out of the cell
it serves as a selectively permeable, allowing water and other materials to move into and out of the cell as needed
it serves as a permeable membrane, allowing any material to easily pass into and out of the cell, whether needed or not
A researcher hypothesizes that water will move out of the cell more quickly when the concentration of salt in the water outside the cell is greater. Which experiment would best test this hypothesis?
A researcher places three cells of the same type in varying concentrations of salt water. Then the researcher measures the size of each cell every minute during a 5-minute period of time
A researcher places three cells of the same type in same concentrations of salt water. Then the researcher measures the size of each cell every minute during a 5-minute period of time
A researcher places three cells from three different types in varying concentrations of salt water. Then the researcher measures the size of each cell at the end of a 5-minute period
What will most likely occur if a new insect species were introduced into North Carolina's ecosystems?
the new insect species would maintain the stability of the area
the new insect species would have less reproductive success
the new insect species would be eaten by natural predators
the new insect species would increase competition for food resources
Which human action could best reduce global climate change?
increasing the ozone layer
converting to carbon-free energy
monitoring smog levels in urban areas
protecting fresh water against pollution
This image shows homologous chromosomes. Which choice best describes the source of genetic variation?
crossing over
gene mutation
nondisjuction
independent assortment
A student crosses two plants.
Plant 1 has red petals (RR)
Plant 2 has white petals (WW)
All of the offspring plants have pink petals (RW)
Which type of inheritance do these plants exhibit?
polygenic
codominant
incomplete dominance
autosomal recessive
This image represents the DNA fingerprint of suspects and DNA found at the crime scene. Based on the DNA fingerprints, which is most likely the perpetrator?
Suspect 1
Suspect 2
Suspect 3
None match
Which information provides the most reliable evidence of common ancestry for four species of mammals?
embryological forms
nucleotide sequences
anatomical structures
homologous structures
A patient takes medication to treat strep throat caused by the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. Which statement best describes the reproductive success of the bacteria after the patient has taken the medication for a period of time?
The bacteria may develop resistance to the medication and continue to reproduce.
The patient will require a vaccination to prevent the bacteria from reproducing.
The patient’s immune system will produce antibodies that prevent the bacteria’s reproduction.
The medication may serve as an energy source and cause rapid reproduction of the bacteria.
A population of rabbits lives in a forest. Some of the rabbits have a mutation that results in extra-powerful hind legs. What will most likely happen to the population of rabbits if a population of wolves is introduced to the forest?
The number of rabbits with normal legs will increase over time because their DNA is not mutated.
The number of rabbits with powerful legs will increase over time because they can better escape the wolves.
The total number of rabbits will decrease over time because all rabbits have an equal chance of getting eaten.
The total number of rabbits will decrease over time because most rabbits will have induced mutations that reduce their survival rate
An enzyme has an optimal temperature of 25°C. During an experiment, which action would most likely increase the rate of the reaction?
decreasing the light intensity
increasing the temperature above 25°C
decreasing the amount of substrate available
increasing the temperature from 15°C to 25°C
A nuclear membrane with pores surrounds a cell’s nucleus. How would a nucleus that lacks pores affect its function in the cell?
Messenger RNA would not be able to leave the nucleus to provide the code to make proteins.
Messenger RNA would not be able to leave the nucleus to make carbohydrates.
DNA would not be able to leave the nucleus to be used to make proteins.
DNA would not be able to replicate or leave the nucleus
Which action takes place on a ribosome, resulting in synthesis of a protein?
creation of mRNA from one strand of the DNA double helix
transformation of single-stranded mRNA into double-stranded tRNA
breakdown of polypeptide chain into amino acids and nitrogenous bases
attachment of the mRNA to tRNA molecules which are coupled to specific amino acids
The plants in an ecosystem complete both photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How do the two processes differ from one another in terms of energy?
Photosynthesis stores solar energy in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, while cellular respiration releases energy from the chemical bonds in carbohydrates to produce ATP molecules.
Photosynthesis releases energy from the chemical bonds in carbohydrates to produce ATP molecules, while cellular respiration stores solar energy in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates.
Photosynthesis stores solar energy in ATP molecules for cellular use, while cellular respiration produces ATP by breaking inorganic chemical bonds.
Photosynthesis stores solar energy in high-energy chemical bonds of inorganic compounds, while cellular respiration releases solar energy to heat cellular structures.
How would a longer snow season most likely affect the populations of red and white foxes living in the same forest ecosystem?
Red foxes would have a greater advantage, so their population size would increase, while the white fox population size would decrease.
White foxes would have a greater advantage, so their population size would increase, while the red fox population size would decrease.
White foxes would have a lesser advantage, so their population size would increase, while the red fox population size would remain the same.
Red foxes would have a lesser advantage, so their population size would increase, while the white fox population size would remain the same.
The bacterium Yersinia pestis is responsible for causing bubonic plague in the 1300s. Survivors of plague showed an increased frequency of a mutation for a cell receptor protein which prevented infection from the bacterium. Which statement best explains the genetic change in Europe’s population after the bubonic plague outbreak?
The number of people with the mutation increased because of the use of a vaccine.
The number of people with the mutation increased because there was an immediate increase in variation among the population
The number of people with the mutation increased because the mutated receptor protein was selected for during the outbreak
The number of people with the mutation increased because the mutated receptor protein was selected against during the outbreak
Modern dairy cows are different from their ancestors. They produce larger volumes of milk with higher protein and fat content. Which statement best explains this?
Dairy cows within the species have interbred, resulting in low genetic diversity among offspring
Dairy cows within the species have interbred, resulting in high genetic diversity among offspring.
Humans have used artificial selection to encourage transmission of traits associated with high-quality milk production from parent cows to offspring
Humans have used natural selection to encourage transmission of traits associated with high-quality milk production from parent cows to offspring
How might mutations contribute to natural selection?
They occur after a natural disaster has changed a population’s environment.
They result when organisms observe traits of other successful populations.
They occur in somatic cells and can be passed to offspring
They add variations to the gene pool of a population
An animal was cloned in a lab, producing five genetically identical offspring. The offspring were then sent to five different zoos. After five years, scientists collected data on these animals and found a variation in their heights. What is the most likely explanation for the data?
Each clone experienced mutations with no effect on its genes
Each clone experienced a different environment with no effect on its genes.
Each clone experienced the same mutations, which influenced the expression of its genes.
Each clone experienced a different environment, which influenced the expression of its genes.
Based on the phylogenetic tree, which two organisms share the most recent common ancestor?
turtle and crocodile
geckos and crocodiles
snakes and geckos
Which statement best explains the relationship between glucose, cellular respiration, and photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis uses the glucose produced by cellular respiration to make energy
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both used to produce glucose and energy.
Photosynthesis produces the glucose used in cellular respiration to make energy
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both consume glucose to produce energy.
Kudzu was brought into the southeastern United States in the late 1800s and was encouraged for use in controlling erosion. However, in 1972 the USDA declared kudzu to be a weed. Which statement best explains this change in thought?
Kudzu grew faster than native species and reduced biodiversity in the area in which it lived.
Kudzu formed a mutualistic relationship with native plants and increased biodiversity in the area in which it thrived.
Kudzu emitted an odd odor and people disliked how it looked on their property.
Kudzu brought diseases from Japan that infected native plants
Which characteristics distinguishes bacteria from eukaryotic cells?
absence of cell membrane
absence of ribosomes
presence of cell wall
presence of circular DNA
Which amino acid sequence would result from the sequence
AUG CAC UUC UAG
Met-Pro-Leu-Stop
Met-Thr-Val-Gly
Gly-Gly-Ala-Stop
Met-His-Tyr-Stop
What is the association between DNA and proteins?
Proteins has the instructions that tell DNA what to do
DNA carries the instructions that determines the amino acid sequence
Proteins are building blocks of DNA
They are not related
Which of the following is an abiotic factor?
bald eagle
predation
cacti
sunlight
Which of the following organisms would be at the bottom of an energy pyramid?
hawk
plant
cougar
bee
During seed germination, some cells display "light-seeking" traits while others develop "dark-seeking" characteristics. Each type of cell takes on new physical characteristics that aid in the growth of the plant. What is this process known as?
mitosis
cell differentiation
homeostasis
cellular respiration
Which organism in the food chain has the greatest amount of available energy?
grass
grasshopper
snake
eagle
A portion of mRNA has the sequence UUCAUGGGC. What was the sequence of the ORIGINAL DNA strand? (Hint: work backwards)
AACTACCCG
AAGUACCCG
TTGTAGGGC
AAGTACCCG
Recently, researchers have used a gene found in fish to create a variety of omega-3 pigs. Using your knowledge of biotechnology , how do you think the researchers were able to produce this type of pig?
selective breeding
natural breeding
gel electrophoresis
recombinant technology
How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells?
prokaryotic cells are living, and eukaryotic cells are nonliving
prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
prokaryotic cells are much larger than eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells require oxygen, and eukaryotic cells do not
Which stage of mitosis is shown here?
prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase
Bacteria inhabit the intestines of cows. Cows eat plants but cannot digest the cellulose. The bacteria derive their nutrition from the plants that the cows eat, and then they make available nutrients for the cow by breaking down the plant cellulose. What symbiotic interaction is illustrated by the cows and bacteria?
a relationship where both species are harmed
a relationship where one species hunts and kills the other species
a relationship where one species benefits and the other species is harmed
a relationship where both species benefit and neither are harmed
Which biomolecules, made by cells, are the most versatile and responsible for many cell functions?
fats
carbohydrates
proteins
catalyst
After fertilization, an embryo develops into a zygote through many cell divisions. If the sperm and egg each contain 8 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are contained within the zygote?
4
8
16
32
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from several types of trees, harming the tree. What type of symbiotic relationship is illustrated by the action of the mistletoe?
mutualism
predation
parasitism
cammensalism
A cell is capable of carrying out both photosynthesis and respiration. How would it best be described?
prokaryotic cell
mitotic cell
plant cell
animal cell
What is one benefit of genetically engineered plants?
they are renewable resources
they allow crops to be grown in many climates
they use chemicals that harm the earth
they cause allergies
What is the term for a molecule that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not changed by the reaction?
product
reactant
protein
enzyme
A raisin was left in a solution overnight and was swollen by morning. The solution that the raisin was placed in was
hypertonic
hypotonic
isotonic
acidic
A mosquito has a lifespan of roughly 15 days while a barn swallow bird lives ~16 years and a human's lifespan is approximately 75-80 years. Of these organisms, which do you predict would have the highest rate of evolution?
mosquito
barn swallow
human
Which process below produces the MOST ATP?
lactic acid fermentation
alcoholic fermentation
aerobic respiration
protein synthesis
What is the purple structure in this image representing?
ribosome
nucleus
amino acid
protein
Which process is this image depicting?
respiration
transcription
translation
photosynthesis
What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
They produce oxygen.
They consume living plants.
They break down dead organisms and recycle nutrients.
They are the primary producers.
What is the term used to describe a group of the same species living in the same area?
Community
Population
Ecosystem
Habitat
What is a primary benefit of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture?
They eliminate the need for water in crop production.
They can be engineered to resist pests and reduce the need for chemical pesticides.
They increase the nutritional value of all crops.
They ensure all crops are organic.
How are genetically modified organisms typically created?
By allowing organisms to evolve naturally over time.
By exposing organisms to high levels of radiation to induce mutations.
By introducing specific genes from one organism into another using biotechnology.
By cross-breeding different species in a natural environment.
What is the primary mechanism by which evolution occurs?
Gene flow
Mutation
Natural selection
Genetic drift
Which of the following best describes the concept of 'survival of the fittest'?
All individuals have an equal chance of survival
The strongest individuals survive and reproduce
Individuals that are best adapted to their environment survive and reproduce
Only the largest individuals survive
Which evidence supports the theory of evolution by showing how species have changed over time?
Fossil records
Astrological charts
Weather patterns
Economic data
Which of the following is an example of active transport?
Simple diffusion
Sodium-potassium pump
Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion
Active transport requires energy in the form of ATP. Why is this energy necessary?
To decrease the speed of diffusion
To increase the speed of diffusion
To move molecules against the concentration gradient
To move molecules along the concentration gradient
What is the primary driving force behind osmosis?
Temperature gradient
Electrical gradient
Concentration gradient
Pressure gradient
Which of the following best describes osmosis?
The movement of solutes through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration
The movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of higher solute concentration to a region of lower solute concentration
The movement of water molecules through a selectively permeable membrane from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration
The movement of solutes from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration
In which of the following scenarios would osmosis not occur?
When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution
When a cell is placed in an isotonic solution
When a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution
When a cell is placed in a solution with a different pH
In a population of cattle, some individuals have a roan coat color, which is a mix of red and white hairs. What type of genetic inheritance pattern does this represent?
incomplete dominance
codominance
recessive
dominant
In a species of chickens, the allele for black feathers (B) and the allele for white feathers (W) are codominant. What would be the phenotype of a chicken with the genotype BW?
Black feathers
White feathers
Gray feathers
Black and white feathers
Which of the following best describes incomplete dominance?
The phenotype is a blend of both alleles
Neither allele affects the phenotype
One allele is completely dominant over the other
Both alleles are fully expressed in the phenotype
If a plant with genotype RW (pink petals) is self-pollinated, what is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
1 red: 2 pink: 1 white
3 red: 1 white
All pink
1 red: 1 white
What is an X-linked trait?
A trait that is determined by genes located on the X chromosome
A trait that is determined by genes located on any autosome
A trait that is determined by genes located on the mitochondrial DNA
A trait that is determined by genes located on the Y chromosome
Why are X-linked traits more commonly expressed in males?
Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will express the trait
Males have no X chromosomes, so they cannot express X-linked traits
Males have more dominant alleles on the X chromosome
Males have two X chromosomes, so they express the trait more
Which of the following is an example of an X-linked recessive disorder?
Cystic fibrosis
Sickle cell anemia
Hemophilia
Huntington's disease
