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Rocks and Minerals Review

Total questions: 94

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What process breaks down rocks into sediments?

a)

erosion

b)

deposition

c)

weathering

d)

compaction

2.

The Colorado river breaking down the rocks in the Grand Canyon over time is an example of....

a)

mechanical weathering

b)

chemical weathering

c)

deposition

d)

cementation

3.

Which of these is a result of chemical weathering?

a)

Bryce Canyon

b)

Kilkee Cliffs in Ireland

c)

The Grand Canyon

d)

Luray Caverns

4.

What type of weathering is represented in this diagram?

a)

abrasion

b)

ice wedging

c)

carbonation

d)

oxidation

5.

Which two processes are a part of the lithification of sediments into sedimentary rocks?

a)

weathering & erosion

b)

compaction & cementation

c)

deposition & erosion

d)

cooling & cementation

6.

How are sediments 'cemented' together?

a)

precipitation of minerals

b)

extreme heat melts sediments

c)

squeezing together under pressure

d)

cooling of magma or lava

7.

Clastic sedimentary rocks are classified according to...

a)

color

b)

location of formation

c)

grain size

d)

mineral composition

8.

Which of the following is NOT an example of a clastic sedimentary rock?

a)

limestone

b)

conglomerate

c)

shale

d)

sandstone

9.

A sedimentary rock made of different sized rounded sediments compacted together.

a)

shale

b)

sandstone

c)

siltstone

d)

conglomerate

10.

How can you tell that this rock is breccia and not conglomerate?

a)

the sediments are all different sizes

b)

there is more clay in this rock

c)

the sediments are not rounded

d)

the sediments are lighter in color

11.

What kind of sediment was compacted to form this shale?

a)

sand

b)

silt

c)

clay

d)

pebbles

12.

Sedimentary rocks are the only rocks that...

a)

may contain fossils

b)

contain minerals

c)

form under pressure

d)

are classified by grain size

13.

Which of the following is not an example of a chemical (crystalline) sedimentary rock?

a)

rock salt

b)

rock gypsum

c)

coal

d)

dolomite

14.

Coal forms from compacted plant remains and is classified as a...

a)

non-clastic (biological) sedimentary rock

b)

clastic sedimentary rock

c)

extrusive igneous rock

d)

mineral ore

15.

Why is limestone classified as a bioclastic sedimentary rock?

a)

it is made of compacted sediments

b)

it is made of shells and other organic material

c)

it forms from the precipitation of minerals

d)

it is made by marine organisms

16.

What rock is this?

a)

granite

b)

basalt

c)

gabbro

d)

rhyolite

17.

What rock is this?

a)

basalt

b)

obsidian

c)

pumice

d)

granite

18.

What rock is this ?

a)

granite

b)

rhyolite

c)

gabbro

d)

obsidian

19.

An extrusive, mafic igneous rock

a)

basalt

b)

gabbro

c)

rhyolite

d)

granite

20.

An extrusive, felsic igneous rock

a)

granite

b)

rhyolite

c)

diorite

d)

andesite

21.

Which mineral is not a component of granite?

a)

Quartz

b)

Potassium feldspar

c)

Olivine

d)

Biotite

22.

Which mineral is not a component of andesite?

a)

Quartz

b)

Plagioclase feldspar

c)

Olivine

d)

Biotite

23.

Compared to mafic igneous rocks, felsic igneous rocks are....

a)

lighter in color, more dense, lower in silica

b)

darker in color, more dense, lower in silica

c)

lighter in color, less dense, higher in silica

d)

darker in color, less dense, higher in silica

24.

The rocks in Volcanoes National Park Hawaii are forming as the hot lava coming out of the volcanoes cools. These rocks are definitely...

a)

extrusive

b)

intrusive

c)

coarse grained

d)

forming very slowly

25.

The rocks in Yosemite National Park are made out of granite, which tells us they are...

a)

extrusive

b)

intrusive

c)

mafic

d)

still forming quickly at the surface

26.

How can you tell the difference between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks?

a)

extrusive rocks have larger crystals

b)

intrusive rocks are darker in color

c)

intrusive rocks have larger crystals

d)

extrusive rocks are darker in color

27.

What is the relationship between crystal size and cooling time ?

a)

slower cooling = smaller crystals

b)

slower cooling = larger crystals

c)

faster cooling = larger crystals

d)

faster cooling = more crystals

28.

An intrusive, mafic igneous rock

a)

granite

b)

gabbro

c)

basalt

d)

diorite

29.

What can we learn about an igneous rock based on it's color (mafic or felsic)?

a)

the location where the rock cooled

b)

whether the rock cooled quickly or slowly

c)

the minerals present in the rock

d)

whether the rock formed from magma or lava

30.

Metamorphic rocks form from...

a)

sediments that are compacted and cemented

b)

cooling magma or lava

c)

existing rocks that are warped under high heat and pressure

d)

evaporation or precipitation of minerals

31.

Metamorphic rocks are classified based on...

a)

their grain size

b)

whether they are foliated or non-foliated

c)

the color

d)

whether they formed from heat or pressure

32.

This metamorphic rock is...

a)

foliated

b)

non-foliated

c)

extrusive

d)

intrusive

33.

This metamorphic rock is...

a)

foliated

b)

non-foliated

c)

extrusive

d)

intrusive

34.

Contact metamorphism occurs when...

a)

biological remains are compacted

b)

rock over a wide area is put under high pressure

c)

rock melts and becomes magma

d)

rock is in contact with magma

35.

When ________________ is exposed to high heat and pressure, it becomes marble.

a)

limestone

b)

shale

c)

quartz sandstone

d)

conglomerate

36.

Which of the following is not one of the rocks that can form when shale is exposed to high pressures and temperatures.

a)

gneiss

b)

marble

c)

phyllite

d)

schist

37.

When bituminous coal is exposed to high heat and pressure it can transform into....

a)

anthracite coal

b)

conglomerate

c)

quartzite

d)

slate

38.

When conglomerate is exposed to high heat and pressure it can transform into....

a)

anthracite coal

b)

metaconglomerate

c)

quartzite

d)

marble

39.

Regional metamorphism occurs when...

a)

biological remains are compacted

b)

rock over a wide area is put under high pressure

c)

rock melts and becomes magma

d)

rock is in contact with magma

40.

According to the law of conservation of matter....

a)

new matter is always being made

b)

matter cannot be created or destroyed

c)

matter only lasts for a finite amount of time

d)

the universe is constantly making more matter

41.

The grand canyon is an example of...

a)

erosion of sedimentary rock

b)

karst topography

c)

leftover igneous rock from a volcanic explosion

d)

sedimentary rock warped under high heat and pressure

42.

How does igneous rock form?

a)

from the compaction of sediments

b)

from existing rock warping under high heat and pressure

c)

from the cooling of magma or lava

d)

from precipitation out of a solution

43.

How does sedimentary rock form?

a)

from the compaction of sediments

b)

from existing rock warping under high heat and pressure

c)

from the cooling of magma or lava

d)

from precipitation out of a solution

44.

How does metamorphic rock form?

a)

from the compaction of sediments

b)

from existing rock warping under high heat and pressure

c)

from the cooling of magma or lava

d)

from precipitation out of a solution

45.

Some examples of igneous rocks are...

a)

marble, slate, gneiss

b)

sulfur, mica, fluorite

c)

sandstone, shale, conglomerate

d)

granite, pumice, obsidian

46.

Some examples of sedimentary rocks are...

a)

marble, slate, gneiss

b)

sulfur, mica, fluorite

c)

sandstone, shale, conglomerate

d)

granite, pumice, obsidian

47.

Some examples of metamorphic rocks are...

a)

marble, slate, gneiss

b)

sulfur, mica, fluorite

c)

sandstone, shale, conglomerate

d)

granite, pumice, obsidian

48.

When metamorphic rock undergoes _________________ it becomes sediment.

a)

melting

b)

weathering, erosion, and deposition

c)

high heat and pressure

d)

compaction and cementation

49.

When sedimentary rock undergoes ______________ it becomes magma.

a)

melting

b)

weathering, erosion, and deposition

c)

high heat and pressure

d)

compaction and cementation

50.

When igneous rock undergoes ____________________ it becomes metamorphic rock.

a)

weathering, erosion, and deposition

b)

high heat and pressure

c)

melting and cooling

d)

compaction and cementation

51.

Weathering is when _______________________, and erosion is when _______________________________.

a)

rock is broken down to sediment, sediment is transported

b)

sediment is transported, sediment is deposited

c)

sediment is transported, rock is broken down to sediment

d)

rock is broken down by wind, rock is broken down by water

52.

The first step of sediment transforming into sedimentary rock is....

a)

compaction & cementation

b)

deposition

c)

weathering & erosion

d)

melting

53.

The process of lithification turns sediment into sedimentary rock by decreasing the _________________ of the sediment.

a)

temperature

b)

grain size

c)

crystal size

d)

porosity

54.

In cementation, the sediment is 'glued' together by ______________________

a)

minerals forming through precipitation or evaporation

b)

minerals forming as hot magma or lava cools

c)

high heat and pressure deep underground

d)

the melting of sedimentary rock

55.

Which of the following is NOT a difference between rocks and minerals.

a)

rocks can contain organic materials, minerals are inorganic

b)

rocks are made up of one or more minerals

c)

rocks are always solid, and minerals are not

d)

minerals can be colorful and shiny, rocks tend to be more dull

56.

Which of the following is an example of a mineral?

a)

limestone

b)

sandstone

c)

granite

d)

graphite

57.

The basic unit of chemical elements is called a

a)

atom

b)

element

c)

compound

d)

molecule

58.

A compound is...

a)

the basic unit of chemical elements

b)

a pure substance made of a single type of atom

c)

two atoms of the same element bonded together

d)

different elements bonded together

59.

The chemical composition of magnetite is three iron (Fe) atoms and four oxygen (O) atoms. What is the chemical formula of magnetite?

a)

Fe4O3

b)

Fe3O4

c)

FeO

d)

FeO4

60.

What does the chemical formula H2O tell us?

a)

Water has 2 oxygens and 1 hydrogen

b)

water has a tetrahedron structure

c)

water has 2 hydrogens and 1 oxygen

d)

water is a mineral

61.

Rock candy is made of glucose crystals. Why isn't rock candy a mineral?

a)

minerals are made of a mixture of different substances

b)

minerals can only be made from heat and pressure

c)

glucose is inorganic

d)

glucose is made by organisms (plants)

62.

What mineral is table salt?

a)

flourite

b)

graphite

c)

halite

d)

talc

63.

Minerals can be made of...

a)

a mixture of different compounds

b)

one element only

c)

one element or one compound

d)

one compound only

64.

Why is ice a mineral, while water is not?

a)

minerals must be a solid

b)

ice and water have different chemical formulas

c)

ice and water have different numbers of atoms

d)

ice is a more pure form of water

65.

Limestone is mostly made of the skeletal remains of marine organisms and the minerals calcite and aragonite. Is limestone a rock or a mineral?

a)

rock

b)

mineral

66.

Quartz forms as magma cools. It is made of silicon-oxygen pyramids or tetrahedra. Its chemical formula is SiO2. Is quartz a rock or a mineral?

a)

rock

b)

mineral

67.

What is the chemical formula for halite (salt)?

a)

NaCl

b)

H2O

c)

SiO2

d)

Fe3O4

68.

Graphite and diamond have the same chemical formula (they are both made of pure carbon), but they are different minerals. What is the best explanation for this?

a)

diamond is a solid but graphite is not

b)

diamond and graphite have different crystal structures

c)

diamond is inorganic but graphite is organic

d)

diamond and graphite have different numbers of C atoms

69.

This aqua blue spinel was grown in a lab and sold by an expensive jeweler. It has a chemical formula of MgAl2O4. Is this a mineral?

a)

yes

b)

no

70.
The color of a mineral in powder form is called the mineral's 
a)
hardness
b)
specific gravity
c)
luster
d)
streak
71.
How light reflects off of a mineral is called the mineral's 
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
cleavage
d)
fracture
72.
A mineral's resistance to being scratched is called?
a)
streak
b)
luster
c)
hardness
d)
heft
73.
Which test is not reliable in identifying minerals
a)
streak
b)
luster
c)
specific gravity
d)
color
74.
Breakage along smooth, flat planes
a)
fracture
b)
cleavage
c)
streak
d)
ore
75.
Breakage along rough or jagged edges
a)
cleavage
b)
fracture
c)
streak
d)
luster
76.
Metallic and nonmetallic are two examples of the physical property _______________.
a)
streak
b)
color
c)
luster
d)
cleavage
77.
A mineral breaks into pieces like are shown in the picture. How would you describe its breakage?
a)
Fracture
b)
Cleavage
c)
Glassy
d)
Waxy
78.
A mineral breaks into pieces like are shown in the picture. How would you describe its breakage?
a)
Fracture
b)
Cleavage
c)
Glassy
d)
Waxy
79.
Which mineral property is being shown here?
a)
luster
b)
hardness
c)
cleavage
d)
streak
80.
Which of these minerals is softer than glass?
a)
Topaz 
b)
Corundum 
c)
Calcite 
d)
Orthoclase 
81.
Can a glass plate scratch apatite?
a)
Yes 
b)
No 
82.
Can a penny scratch fluorite?
a)
Yes 
b)
No 
83.

A mineral was found with a metallic luster. It was yellow in color and had a greenish black streak. Is it gold?

a)

yes

b)

no

84.

15. A mineral is found that has a glassy luster, a hardness of 4 and a white streak. What is the identity of this mineral?

a)

dolomite

b)

calcite

c)

fluorite

d)

talc

85.
The process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure is known as...
a)
Crystallization
b)
Geodes
c)
Formation from Magma and Lava
d)
Formation from Solutions
86.

Which of the following is NOT a way that minerals form?

a)

Formation from magma

b)

Formation from lava

c)

Formation from solutions

d)

Formation from erosion

87.
What is molten rock deep inside of Earth?
a)
Magma
b)
Lava
88.
What is molten rock that has reached Earth's surface?
a)
Magma
b)
Lava
89.

A naturally occurring solid that contains an economically valuable mineral is known as...

a)

Gemstones

b)

Metals

c)

Ore

d)

Geodes

90.
A rounded, hollow rock that is often lined with crystals is known as...
a)
Gemstones
b)
Metals
c)
Ore
d)
Geodes
91.

Sugar crystals forming out of a solution of sugar and water is an example of

a)

precipitation

b)

evaporation

c)

condensation

d)

sublimation

92.

Which of the following is an example of mineral formation through evaporation?

a)

stalactites in caves

b)

minerals in igneous rock

c)

salt deposits near the Dead Sea

d)

selenite crystals in the Cave of Crystals

93.

Minerals that form from the cooling of hot magma or lava can be found in

a)

limestone

b)

igneous rocks like granite

c)

dolomite

d)

metamorphic rocks

94.

The most abundant elements in Earth's crust are

a)

iron and aluminum

b)

oxygen and silicon

c)

oxygen and aluminum

d)

silicon and iron

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