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WorksheetsQuarter 3 Exam Review 2021-2022-8th Grade
Total questions: 74
Worksheet time: 2hrs 44mins
If the results of an experiment do not support a hypothesis, is the hypothesis a failure?
Yes. In order for a hypothesis to be useful, the results of the experiment must support it.
No. A mistake has been made in the procedure. The experiment should be repeated with a different procedure, because the results will support the hypothesis the second time.
Not necessarily. Even if a hypothesis is not supported, the data collected may lead to a new hypothesis and investigations.
Yes. If the results of an experiment fail to support a hypothesis, the hypothesis is obviously wrong.
Miranda tested five brands of bubble gum to determine which brand she could blow the biggest bubbles. After testing each brand, she asked three friends to also do the tests to see if they got the same results. Asking her friends to help is an example of which of the following?
Repeated trials
Prediction
Conclusion
Replication
When do scientists form hypotheses, and why are hypothesis most valuable to the scientific method?
Scientists form hypotheses as experiments are conducted. These hypotheses are valuable because they are conclusions of tests.
Scientists form hypotheses only after their experiments are complete. These hypotheses are valuable because they are conclusions of tests.
Scientists form hypotheses before experiments are conducted. These hypotheses are valuable because they guide the research to be attempted.
Scientists form hypothesis when they communicate their results. These hypotheses are valuable because they are explanations for science.
The fossil record provides scientists with a history if life on Earth. How is the fossil record consistent with the biological theory of evolution?
The fossil record shows that the Earth’s organisms have changed over time.
The fossil record shows that Earth has changed over time.
The fossil record shows that species remain unchanged
A. The fossil record shows that Earth’s climate has changed.
Natural Selection relates the adaptations of organisms have to their fitness for survival within their environment. According to the theory of evolution by natural selection, what must take place in an environment in order for one characteristic of a species to be selected over another?
The environment must be cold.
The environment must remain unchanged.
The environment must change in some way.
The environment must be suitable for all living things.
Adaptations in a population may lead to the evolution of new species. Which word is MOST associated with the process of evolution?
Change
Continuity
Extinction
Stability
Extinction is the dying out of a species. What is MOST LIKELY to cause the extinction of a species if the environment changes?
having traits that enable the species to adapt to the changed environment
a lack of adaptations in the species that help individuals survive and reproduce in the changed environment
the presence of genetic variations among the individuals of the species
an increase of adaptations in the reproductive rate within the species
Which of the following shows the correct sequence that leads to the extinction of a species?
lack of adaptations →environmental change → lower survival rate → extinction
environmental change → diverse adaptations → higher survival rate → extinction
extinction → lower survival rate → lack of adaptations → environmental change
genetic diversity → large amounts of adaptation → environmental change → extinction
Brenda has just completed an investigation to determine the electrical conductivity of several objects. The set-up of her investigation is shown in the picture. How could she use repetition to verify her results?
Have someone else use do the experiment.
Carry out each trial three additional times.
Change the steps so the results support her prediction.
Do the investigation again using a different type of battery.
Study the picture shown. Suppose that thousands of these structures work together to carry out a life function. Which object is made up of many structures in the picture working together?
an organ
a cell
a molecule
a tissue
Look closely at the illustration. Assume that each drawing represents a fossil of a new species of organism. What can you conclude from this illustration?
Species evolve over time.
Species do not change over time.
Species pass on aquired characteristics.
Species change very rapidly in a very short period of time.
The timeline shows the relative ages of several fossils. The periods correspond to layers of rock. Which fossil would most likely be found on Earth's surface?
Fossil E
Fossil F
Fossil G
Fossil H
The brain is a structure that controls and coordinates the activities of an organism. Which of the following best represents the levels of organization that form the brain?
organism-->organ system-->organ-->molecules-->atoms
tissues-->cells-->atoms-->organ-->organ system
molecules-->organ-->tissues-->cells-->organism
atoms-->molecules-->cells-->tissues-->organ
Emilio stepped on a thumbtack with his bare foot. He yelled and immediately jerked his leg. Which two systems were responsible for the way Emilio responded?
nervous and musculoskeletal
digestive & respiratory
circulatory & musculoskeletal
nervous and circulatory
The muscles of a grass are attached to its exoskeleton, which is a hard outer covering of its body. The grasshopper's muscles contract and relax, causing the exoskeleton to move. What can you conclude from this observation?
Grasshoppers do not have an organized body plan.
Body systems work together to keep a grasshopper alive.
The cells of a grasshopper are organized into organs, rather than into tissues.
The skeletal system of a grasshopper is similar to the skeletal system of a human.
The body absorbs nutrients through the small intestines. The blood transports these nutrients to every cell in the body. The blood also carries oxygen to every cell. The cells use the nutrients and oxygen to supply the energy the body needs. What three body systems are working together in this situation?
nervous, digestive, and circulatory systems
digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems
respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems
circulatory, immune, and respiratory systems
A fossil is the remains or traces of organism that have lived in the past. Which statement is true about fossils?
A fossil never includes a complete organism.
A fossil shows the evolution of an entire species.
Much of the evidence for evolution comes from fossils.
Fossils have provided a complete history of Earth's life forms.
The theory of evolution by natural selection states that certain organisms are more likely to survive and reproduce than others. What do these organisms possess in order to survive?
adaptive traits
large body size
similar characteristics
ability to reproduce sexually
A species lives in a tropical rain forest where it feeds upon the vegetation. What is most likely to cause the species to become extinct?
The species produces offspring with few genetic variations.
The species produces offspring with many variations.
The species produces more offspring after each mating season.
The species produces offspring that also feed upon vegetation.
The rock layers that make up the Grand Canyon range in age from 2 billion to 230 million years. What would a scientist need in order to BEST compare the ages of rocks from two different parts of the canton?
the location of the rock
the size and hardness of each rock
the size of the crystals that make up each rock
the amounts of radioactive elements in each rock
Berta knows that sharks have been around for millions of years. She has found a fossil of a shark tooth while taking a core sample of the ocean floor. Assuming that the layers of sediment in the core sample were undisturbed, what is the BEST way to determine the age of the shark tooth fossil?
Compare it to the teeth of modern sharks to see how different it is.
Test the hardness of the fossil to determine how long it has been fossilizing.
Examine the tooth’s surface to study microscopic evidence of the fossil’s age.
Determine the age of the layer of sediment in which the fossil was found relative to other layers above and below it.
Adam finds a rock that is in a top layer of Earth, According to the law of superposition, this rock may have formed in the last million years. Which method will give Adam the absolute age of the rock?
radioactive dating
relative dating
measurement of the thickness of the layer in which the rock was found
measurement of the thickness of the layer just below the layer in which the rock was found.
Scientists theorize that hundreds of millions of years ago, all of the continents that exist today were combined into one landmass called Pangaea. What evidence do scientists have to support this theory?
the fossil record
the diversity of modern organism
water samples from every ocean on Earth
temperature changes on Earth over
Antarctica is the coldest, driest continent on Earth, and only a few species survive its harsh elements. Yet scientists have found fossils of green fern plants in Antarctica. Based on these findings, which of these is the BEST conclusion?
Fern plants could currently live in Antarctica's climate.
These fern plants need cold, dry climates.
The climate of Antarctica has always been the same.
The climate of Antarctica was once warm and has changed over time.
The bladder, kidneys, lungs, and skin are organs that work together to maintain homeostasis. What is the function of these organs?
eliminate waste products
exchanging gases
protecting against disease
digesting food
Although it is incomplete, the fossil record provides scientists with a great deal of information about species that have lived on Earth throughout its history. Which of the following statements does the fossil record support?
All organisms that have ever existed on Earth continue to live on Earth today.
Earth’s organisms have remained unchanged throughout its history.
Dinosaurs are the only types of organisms that have become extinct.
Not all species that are alive today were alive in the past.
A reptile fossil has been found. It shows evidence of modified scales that look similar to bird feathers. What inference can be made based on this evidence?
Reptiles evolved directly into birds.
It shows a link between ancient reptiles and birds.
The reptile species was alive at the same time as birds.
The reptile species went extinct due to the evolution of birds.
Organisms are classified according to shared characteristics. This process has led to the development of a classification system that has various levels of organization. Which of the following levels of classification is of the highest hierarchy?
kingdom
class
domain
species
The domain Bacteria is made up of a kingdom of organisms known as Eubacteria. Which statement is TRUE about organisms classified as Eubacteria?
They are all multicellular.
They are all eukaryotes.
They are all prokaryotes.
They are all parasitic.
In 1859, Charles Darwin proposed his Theory of Evolution based on natural selection.
What observation about the natural world does this theory explain?
how the fossil record was formed
how a species changes over time
how a species always retains its characteristics
how catastrophic events lead to extinctions
Some weed species have developed the ability to resist pesticides. How does the Theory of Evolution by natural selection help to explain this ability?
Due to genetic variations, some weeds in the population had the ability to resist pesticides.
The weeds developed pesticide-resistant variations because their survival depended on it.
As the weeds evolved, natural selection resulted in an unfavorable variation in a population.
In any population of weeds, some weeds will be naturally immune to all kinds of pesticides.
All animals fit into different levels of classification. The illustration below shows several of these classification levels. Which number on the illustration represents the species level?
1
2
3
4
In the 1700s, Carolus Linnaeus tried to classify all living things. He developed a seven-level system of classification, which is still used today. Linnaeus grouped lower levels into successively higher levels, based on shared characteristics. What group is made up of different orders?
species
family
genus
class
Carolus Linnaeus began the practice of assigning all organisms two-word scientific names. Which of the following correctly describes the words that make up an organism’s scientific name?
class and order
genus and species
genus and phylum
kingdom and phylum
Fossils are the preserved remains of organisms that lived long ago. According to the Law of Superposition, the rock layers that contain fossils should be far below Earth’s
surface. Which answer BEST explains why fossils are sometimes found at or near the surface?
Fossils are less dense than rock, so they rise to the surface.
Fossils are moved to the surface by other organisms.
Sedimentary rock layers are relatively soft, and new fossils sink through upper layers into older, deeper layers.
Some rock layers with fossils have been exposed because of different processes, such as faulting, folding, and weathering.
The diagram shows the folding of rock layers that occurs in the process of mountain building.
Which layer in the diagram is the youngest?
Layer L
Layer M
Layer N
Layer Q
Compounds are made up of different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined. What do compounds have in common?
They have the same color.
They can be broken down into simpler substances.
They cannot combine with one another to form more complex substances.
They have the same melting point.
The diagram shows the rate of decay of potassium-40, a radioactive element. Imagine two rocks. One rock contains nearly all of its original potassium-40. In a second rock, most of the potassium-40 has decayed. Which statement about the first rock is true?
It is a metamorphic rock.
It is harder than the second rock.
It is younger than the second rock.
It is older than the second rock.
Scientists find a fossil of a fish on top of a mountain. What kind of evidence does the fossil provide scientists about the way this area might have changed over time?
It shows that fish were once able to live without water.
It shows that oceans can change quickly and become land.
It shows that the animals found on the mountain today evolved from fish.
It shows that the mountain may have once been under water and raised up by natural processes.
An element is also a pure substance. What is the reason for this?
An element can combine with another element.
An element contains only one type of particle.
Different elements have different properties.
There are many ways that elements can combine.
What does the term half-life mean when using radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils?
Half-life is used to describe the amount of geologic time represented by half of a horizontal layer in radioactive sediment.
Half-life is used to describe half the amount of time it takes for an organism to fossilize in radioactive sediment.
Half-life is used to describe half the amount of time it takes for a fossil to become radioactive.
Half-life is used to describe the amount of time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay.
Which statement is TRUE about atoms?
All elements contain several types of atoms.
An atom is the smallest unit of an element.
Atoms are only found in nonliving objects.
Atoms can be separated into elements.
A part of the Periodic Table is pictured.
The elements in the periodic table are ordered according to which of the following?
color
atomic size
melting point
atomic number
Alfie’s cat purrs when he scratches its chin. He states this hypothesis: Scratching a cat’s chin causes the cat to purr. Which of these results FAILS to support his hypothesis?
Alfie scratches the chins of ten cats that belong to his friends and observes that all of the cats purr when he does so.
Alfie scratches the chin of several different cats, but only some of them purr.
Alfie scratches his cat’s chin ten different times and the cat purrs each time.
Alfie does not observe his cat purring unless he scratches its chin.
Elements in the periodic table are grouped into columns and rows. What is the name given to rows in the periodic table?
clusters
groups
stages
periods
. Most versions of the periodic table contain a zigzag line that runs down and to the right as on the part of the table shown below. This zigzag line separates this part of the periodic table into two sections. Aluminum (Al) and tin (Sn) are on the left side of the line, while oxygen (O) and helium (He) are on the right side. What is the purpose of the line?
to separate the solids from the liquids
to separate the metals from the nonmetals
to separate the gases from the solids
to separate magnetic elements from nonmagnetic elements
Lateesha’s bicycle rusted when she rode it through saltwater. It did not rust when it got wet with rainwater. She believes that saltwater causes metal to rust faster than rainwater. Which of the following should take place before Lateesha can conclude that her hypothesis is supported?
Lateesha should conduct one controlled experiment that produces results that support her hypothesis.
Lateesha should conduct several controlled experiments and throw out any results that fail to support her hypothesis.
Lateesha should conduct several controlled experiments that prove that her hypothesis is true.
Lateesha should conduct several controlled experiments and obtain results that consistently support her hypothesis.
What is the smallest unit of matter?
compound
mixture
atom
element
Which of the following is a compound?
carbon
gold
oxygen
water
Which of the following statements is correct about matter?
Elements combine to form compounds
Compounds combine to form elements.
Elements combine to form atoms.
Compounds combine to form atoms.
Joh discovered sodium (ca) is found in Group 1 on the Periodic Table. Where should John look for another element that has similar properties?
in the same row
in the same column
on the opposite side of the table
for the names that begin with the letter N
What can you predict from an elements location in the Periodic Table?
its chemical symbol
its chemical name
its chemical properties
when it was discovered
Mushrooms, bread molds, yeasts are classified in the fungi kingdom. Specific characteristics are used to classify these organisms. Which of the following is a characteristic used to classify these organisms as fungi?
they are heterotrophs
they are unicellular
they are prokaryotes
they are parasites
Kelsey plays soccer and gets grass stains on her shorts. She uses several types of laundry detergent to try to remove the stains, but none of them work. She makes the hypothesis that laundry detergents are not able to remove grass stains from clothing. Which BEST describes the evidence that fails to support the hypothesis?
The stain is removed when a different type of laundry detergent is used.
The stain was not removed when several types of laundry detergent were used.
The stain does not go away after being repeatedly laundered in water with no laundry detergent.
The stain is removed when it is treated with a stain remover before it is washed using laundry detergent.
Lateesha conducted an experiment to determine if her bicycle’s frame would rust faster in saltwater than in rainwater. The results of her experiment showed that the bike’s frame rusted in 3 days in saltwater but rust did not appear on the bike’s frame for 10 days in rainwater. Based on these observations, she concluded that saltwater causes metal to rust faster than rainwater. What is the proper statement for Lateesha to include in her conclusion?
The observation supports the hypothesis because the bicycle did not rust faster in rainwater.
The observation proves that saltwater will rust metal faster than rainwater.
The hypothesis is correct because the bicycle rusted in saltwater.
The hypothesis was wrong because the experiment did not work.
Perhaps the single greatest contribution Linnaeus made to science was his development of the process called Binomial Nomenclature. Which of the following descriptions below MOST accurately describes this process?
organizes each individual organism down to its species name
classifies organisms based upon their cellular characteristics, such as the presence or absence of a nucleus
gives each species a unique, two-word Latin name
provides a list of 4 kingdoms to which each species is placed into
Which of the following groupings of organisms with give you the MOST common characteristics when comparing one organism to another?
order
genus
kingdom
class
How does fossil evidence from the ancestors of whales support evolution?
Fossils shows that their ancestors had legs, which suggests a common ancestor with land vertebrates.
Whales have not changed for hundreds of millions of years.
Whale DNA is very similar to the DNA of wolves and coyotes.
The ancestors had fins, which suggests a relationship with marine vertebrates.
What can scientists determine from combining evidence from fossils, body structure, early development, DNA and protein structures?
They can determine the future characteristics of an organism.
They can determine the evolutionary relationships among species.
They can determine which fossils are older than others.
They can determine whether an organism will have gills during its early development.
Which fossil of an extinct species would MOST likely point to a transition of life from the sea onto land?
A primitive fish like creature with an advanced eye structure.
A fossil of an organism documenting the first vertebrae-like structure.
A fish with bones in its fins that could support its weight.
The first animal showing the presence of feathers.
How does natural selection lead to evolution?
Harmful variations accumulate among surviving members of the species.
Overproduction provides food for stronger members of the species.
Environmental changes favor weaker members of the species.
Better adapted offspring survive while less adapted members of the species die.
What statement BEST explains the difference between natural selection and evolution?
Natural selection occurs over the course of a single generation. Evolution occurs as a result of natural selection over the course of millions of years.
Natural selection favors the strongest members of a species, evolution does not.
Minor changes in the traits of an organism can effect the evolution of the organism's species only.
The survival and reproduction rates of an organism can effect natural selection within a species only.
A paleontologist finds fossils of many different species existing in the same area at approximately the same time. What can the paleontologist conclude there was a high degree of in this ecosystem?
climatic variation
biological diversity
episodic speciation
geographic isolation
A family of rats was transported to a barren island with many fish swimming off the coast. What must happen for the rat to be able to survive and not become extinct?
The rat will need to evolve wings to fly, or it will become extinct.
The rat will evolve to be able to obtain energy from the sun, or it will become extinct.
The rat must have the genes for webbed feet for swimming to catch fish or it will become extinct.
The rat will need to evolve better eye sight find another food source on a different island, or it will become extinct.
The current theory suggest that a large meteor strike led to the extinction of large dinosaurs and the rise of small mammal-like animals. Which aspect of their changing environment would have contributed the MOST to such a shift in which life form was dominant?
A decreased temperature would favor an animal with fur.
An increase in pollution would allow only smaller animals to obtain the oxygen necessary for life.
Less sunlight creates an environment in which smaller animals can move around more easily.
Less available plant life as a food source favors an organism with a smaller body type to obtain enough food.
Using the Periodic Table, scientists can predict the properties of elements. Which of the following pairs of elements have properties that are the least similar?
He and Xe
Cl and I
N and P
Si and S
Many of the ideas Darwin used to develop his theory of evolution were based upon his observations of animals living in the Galápagos Islands. The illustration below shows four different kinds of finches. What conclusion can be made about these birds?
Each finch is adapted to the food supply in it's environment.
The finches inhabit the same geographic area.
The finches depend upon the same food supply.
Each finch is the only animal species in its environment.
According to the Law of Superposition, which of the layers in the diagram would be the OLDEST and why?
A, because it cuts through the other layers
B, because it is on the top
C, because it is on the bottom
D, because it is between the other layers
Two geologists were conducting a dig in a set of horizontal, undisturbed rock layers. They both discovered fossils in the same area, however, they would like to determine the exact age of their fossils. What is the BEST method for them to use to determine a more precise age of their fossils?
The Law of Superposition is the best way to determine the age of the fossil because whoever dug deeper into the Earth obtained the older fossil.
Using an index fossil is the best way to determine the age of the fossil because all fossils of the same species will be the same age.
Radiocarbon dating is the best way to determine the age of the fossils because it shows the amount of carbon decay in an organism that was once alive.
Using the fossil record is the best way to determine the age of the fossils because the fossil record has not changed over time.
What is the difference between relative age and absolute age?
Relative is the age of a rock/fossil in relation to the rock layers around it, absolute age is the exact age of the rock/fossil.
Absolute age is the age of an object in relation to objects around it, relative age is the exact age of the object.
Relative age only applies to fossils, Absolute age only applies to rocks.
Absolute age only applies to fossils, Relative age only applies to rocks.
Which of the following is NOT a piece of information that scientists can obtain from the fossil record?
information about organisms that lived long ago
changes that the Earth's climate has experienced
changes organisms have experienced over time
information about every single plant and animal that has ever existed
According to the Law of Superposition, in undisturbed, horizontal, sedimentary rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom. Each higher layer is younger than the rocks below it. Why is it important that the rock layers be undisturbed?
If the rock layers are disturbed, certain layers might be missing or relocated.
If the rock layers are disturbed, sedimentary rock will turn into an intrusion.
If the rock layers are disturbed, the absolute age of the rocks will change.
If the rock layers are disturbed, the Law of Superposition is proven wrong.
Paleontologists are studying a specific type of fossil from an organism found in the bottom rock layer of a cliff. Later they notice the same type of fossil in a higher layer on the same cliff. The rock layers are undisturbed – no folding or faulting has taken place. Which of the following is the BEST explanation for why fossils of this organism can be found in multiple rock layers in this cliff?
This particular type of organism was present in multiple locations on Earth.
This particular type of organism lived for a long period of time in the same area.
The cliff has many folds that moved the fossils into different layers.
The cliff has many faults that have broken down the rock and moved the fossils.
Which level of organization is the MOST complex, based on both size and structure?
organism
organs
tissues
cells
