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Biology Benchmark Review

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 55mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the function of carbohydrates?

a)

To provide energy

b)

to catalyze chemical reactions

c)

to form waterproof barriers

d)

to store hereditary information

2.

What macromolecule is this a picture of?

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrates

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

3.

What is the function of nucleic acids?

a)

to provide/store energy

b)

to store fat

c)

to store hereditary information

d)

to catalyze chemical reactions

4.

What is the monomer of carbohydrates?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Polysaccharide

c)

Monosaccharide

d)

Disaccharide

5.

What is the monomer of nucleic acids?

a)

Monosaccharide

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Amino Acid

d)

Disaccharide

6.

What is this a diagram of?

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Monosaccharide

7.

What is the polymer of carbohydrates?

a)

Polynucleotide

b)

Polysaccharide

c)

Monosaccharide

d)

Nucleotide

8.

What is the polymer for nucleic acids?

a)

DNA/RNA

b)

Polysaccharide

c)

Lipids

d)

Monosaccharide

9.

What macromolecule is pictured above?

a)

Nucleic Acid

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Lipid

10.

What are the functions of lipids (check all that apply)

a)

To provide energy

b)

To store genetic information

c)

To provide waterproof coatings

d)

To catalyze chemical reactions

11.

What is the function of proteins

a)

to provide energy

b)

to provide waterproof coatings

c)

to catalyze chemical reactions (they are doing the work)

d)

store hereditary information

12.

What is shown in the diagram?

a)

Lipid structure

b)

Nucleic Acid Structure

c)

The levels of protein structure

d)

Carbohydrate structure

13.

What is the monomer of proteins?

a)

Nucleic Acids

b)

Amino Acids

c)

Monosaccharide

d)

Polysaccharide

14.

What are the bases found in DNA?

Check all that apply.

a)

Adenine (A)

b)

Thymine (T)

c)

Cytosine (C)

d)

Uracil (U)

e)

Guanine (G)

15.

What is the structure of DNA?

a)

Single Helix

b)

Double Helix

c)

Chain of amino acids

d)

Chain on monosaccharides

16.

What is the backbone of DNA made of?

Check all that apply.

a)

Sugar (deoxyribose)

b)

Sugar (Ribose)

c)

Phosphate

d)

Bases

17.

What are the functions of enzymes?

Check 2 boxes.

a)

slow down chemical reactions

b)

speed up chemical reactions

c)

increase activation energy

d)

decrease activation energy

18.

What type of macromolecule are enzymes?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

19.

What is A on the diagram of an enzyme above?

a)

Active Site

b)

Substrate

c)

Products

d)

Enzyme

20.

What is B on the diagram above?

a)

Active Site

b)

Substrate

c)

Product

d)

Enzyme

21.

What is C on the enzyme diagram above?

a)

Enzyme

b)

Active Site

c)

Substrate

22.

Are enzymes destroyed or used up in an enzyme reaction?

a)

No

b)

Yes

23.

What type of cell is this?

a)

Plant

b)

Animal

c)

Bacteria

d)

Virus

24.

What type of cell is this?

a)

Plant

b)

Animal

c)

Bacteria

d)

Virus

25.

What type of a cell is this?

a)

Animal

b)

Plant

c)

Bacteria

d)

Virus

26.

What is the function of the nucleus?

a)

make proteins

b)

store and protect DNA/control the cell

c)

package proteins

d)

protect the cell

27.

What is the function of the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)?

a)

Make Proteins

b)

Fold Proteins

c)

Package Proteins

d)

Transport Proteins

28.

What is the purpose of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)?

a)

To store DNA

b)

to make proteins

c)

to make lipids

d)

to surround the cell

29.

What is the purpose of the golgi body (aka golgi apparatus)?

a)

make protiens

b)

package proteins

c)

fold proteins

d)

protect the cell

30.

What is the purpose of the ribosomes?

a)

Fold proteins

b)

Transport Protiens

c)

Make Proteins

d)

Store DNA

31.

What is the purpose of the Vesicles

a)

Make Proteins

b)

Transport Proteins

c)

Fold Proteins

d)

Protect the Cell

32.

What is the purpose of the mitochondria

a)

Convert sunlight to chemical energy

b)

Make ATP for eukaryotic cells (powerhouse)

c)

Make proteins

d)

Protect the cell

33.

What is the purpose of the chloroplast in plant cells?

a)

Make ATP

b)

Convert sunlight to chemical energy

c)

make proteins

d)

protect the cell

34.

What is the purpose of the cell membrane (aka plasma membrane).

a)

make ATP

b)

make Proteins

c)

Store/protect DNA

d)

Protect the cell/ Regulate what goes in and out of the cell

35.

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

a)

To provide structure and protection for plant cells

b)

To provide structure and protection for animal cells

c)

To protect DNA

d)

To Make ATP

36.

What is the purpose of the centrioles and the spindle fibers?

a)

To make ATP

b)

To protect the DNA/chromosomes

c)

To pull apart the chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell during cell division

d)

To protect the cell

37.

What is the purpose of the vacuole?

a)

To store DNA

b)

To Store ATP

c)

To store materials the cell uses frequently such as water.

d)

To protect the cell

38.

Check the main differences between plant and animal cells.

Check all that apply.

a)

Plant cells are typically larger

b)

Plant cells are always smaller

c)

Plant cells have chloroplasts

d)

Plant cell are usually rectangular and animal cells have many shapes

e)

Plants have a cell wall and a large vacuole

39.

What types of cells are classified as eukaryotic?

Check all that apply

a)

Animal

b)

Plant

c)

Bacteria

d)

Virus

40.

What type of cells are classified as prokaryotic?

Check all that apply.

a)

Animal

b)

Plant

c)

Bacteria

d)

Virus

41.

Check the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Check all that apply.

a)

Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles like a nucleus, ER, and golgi body.

b)

Prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles like a nucleus, ER, and golgi body.

c)

Eukaryotic cells include plant and animal cells.

d)

Prokaryotic cells include plant and animal cells.

42.

What organelle do all cells (Eukaryotic: plant/animal and prokaryotic: bacteria)

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosomes

c)

RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)

d)

Golgi Body

43.

Are viruses living? Why or why not?

a)

Yes they are living because they have DNA/RNA

b)

Yes they are living because they do not need a host to reproduce

c)

No they are nonliving because they have DNA/RNA

d)

No they are not living because they cannot reproduce on their own.

44.

What is active transport?

a)

Using energy (ATP) to move molecules from areas of high to low concentration.

b)

Using energy (ATP) to move molecules from areas to low to high concentration.

c)

the movement of molecules from low to highwithout the use of energy.

d)

the movement of molecules from high to low concentration not using energy.

45.

What is passive transport?

a)

Using energy (ATP) to move molecules from areas of high to low concentration.

b)

Using energy (ATP) to move molecules from areas to low to high concentration.

c)

the movement of molecules from low to highwithout the use of energy.

d)

the movement of molecules from high to low concentration not using energy.

46.

What is osmosis?

a)

A type of active transport that moves water

b)

A type of active transport that moves only sodium

c)

A type of passive transport that moves water

d)

A type of passive transport that moves only sodium

47.

What is homeostasis?

a)

the use of energy (ATP) to move molecules from high to low concentration.

b)

the state of non steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

c)

the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

48.

What are the reactants of photosynthesis?

Check all that apply.

a)

Sunlight

b)

C6H12O6 (glucose)

c)

H2O (water)

d)

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

e)

O2 (oxygen)

49.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

Check all that apply.

a)

Sunlight

b)

C6H12O6 (glucose)

c)

H2O (water)

d)

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

e)

O2 (oxygen)

50.

What are the reactants of cellular respiration?

Check all that apply.

a)

Sunlight

b)

C6H12O6 (glucose)

c)

H2O (water)

d)

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

e)

O2 (oxygen)

51.

What are the products of cellular respiration?

Check all that apply.

a)

Sunlight

b)

C6H12O6 (glucose)

c)

H2O (water)

d)

CO2 (carbon dioxide)

e)

O2 (oxygen)

52.

What is NADPH?

a)

Makes ATP

b)

carries elections

c)

carries water

d)

makes ADP

53.

What does photosynthesis occur?

a)

In the chloroplast and the cytoplasm

b)

In the chloroplast and the nucleus

c)

In the mitochondria and the cytoplasm

d)

In the mitochondria and the nucleus

54.

Where does cellular respiration occur?

a)

In the chloroplast and the cytoplasm

b)

In the chloroplast and the nucleus

c)

In the mitochondria and the cytoplasm

d)

In the mitochondria and the nucleus

55.

What is the purpose of interphase?

a)

to divide a cell

b)

to prepare for mitosis

c)

to prepare for translation

d)

to prepare for transcription

56.

What happens during the G phases?

a)

Cell replication

b)

Growth

c)

Greeting

d)

Nothing

57.

What happens during the S phase of the cell cycle?

a)

Growth

b)

Division

c)

Mitosis

d)

Synthesis: cell replication

58.

What the the phases of interphase?

Check all that apply

a)

G1

b)

Mitosis

c)

G2

d)

S

e)

thyroid

59.

What are the four phases of mitosis?

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Anaphase

e)

Telophase

60.

What happens during prophase?

Check all that apply

a)

Nucleus disappears

b)

Spindle Forms

c)

Chromosome form/condense

d)

Chromosome decondense

e)

Chromosomes line up in the middle

61.

What happens during metaphase?

Check all that apply

a)

Nucleus disappears

b)

Spindle Forms

c)

Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite end of the cell by the spindle fibers

d)

Chromosome form/decondense

e)

Chromosomes line up in the middle

62.

What happens during anaphase?

Check all that apply

a)

Nucleus disappears

b)

Spindle Forms

c)

Chromosomes are pulled apart to opposite end of the cell by the spindle fibers

d)

Chromosome form/decondense

e)

Chromosomes line up in the middle

63.

What happens during telophase?

Check all that apply.

a)

Nucleus disappears

b)

Spindle Forms goes away

c)

Chromosome form/condense

d)

Chromosome decondense

e)

Nucleus reforms

64.

What is DNA replication important?

a)

so each new cell gets a copy of the DNA/chromosomes

b)

so each new cell gets a copy of the RNA

c)

so each new cell gets a different copy of the DNA

d)

so each new cell gets a different copy of the RNA

65.

What is the central dogma?

a)

DNA---RNA---Proteins

Translation ---Transcription

b)

Proteins---DNA---RNA

Translation ---Transcription

c)

DNA---RNA---Proteins

Transcription---Translation

d)

Proteins---DNA---RNA

Transcription ---Translation

66.

What are the difference between DNA and RNA?

Check all that apply?

a)

DNA is double stranded

b)

RNA is single stranded

c)

DNA has thymine (T)

d)

RNA has uracil (U)

e)

DNA has Cytosine (C)

67.

What is this a picture of?

a)

Animal Cell

b)

Plant Cell

c)

Bacteria Cell

d)

Virus

68.

What is the sec chromosome designation for a normal chromosome male?

a)

XX

b)

XXX

c)

XXY

d)

XY

69.

What is the sec chromosome designation for a normal chromosome female?

a)

XX

b)

XXX

c)

XXY

d)

XY

70.

What chromosome abnormality do you notice in the karyotype above?

a)

Trisomy (three chromosomes) of 21 - down's syndrome

b)

XXY for sex chromosomes

c)

XXX for sex chromosomes

d)

Trisomy (three chromosomes) of 13

71.

What type of DNA mutation is this?

Original: AAA TCG CGC

Mutated: AAA TCG CCGC

a)

Addition/Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Substitution

d)

Chromosome

72.

What type of DNA mutation is this?

Original: AAA TCG CGC

Mutated: ATA TCG CGC

a)

Addition/Insertion

b)

Deletion

c)

Substitution

d)

Chromosome

73.

Why the the checkpoints important during the cell cycle?

a)

To stop and make sure the cell is ready to divide. Has it grown large enough? Did the DNA replicate correctly?

b)

They are not important.

c)

To divide the cell

d)

To prepare for transcription

74.

What is the carbon:hydrogen:oxygen ratio for carbohydrates?

a)

1:2:3

b)

1:4:1

c)

1:2:1

d)

1:1:1

75.

What type of cells are made from mitosis?

a)

egg cells

b)

sperm cells

c)

sex cells

d)

body cells (somatic)

76.

What type of cells are made from meiosis?

a)

Body Cells

b)

Somatic Cells

c)

Sex Cells

d)

Liver Cells

77.

Select all the answers that describe the cells created from meiosis?

a)

Diploid

b)

Haploid

c)

Somatic (body) cells

d)

Sex Cells (egg and sperm)

78.

What is active transport?

a)

The movement of molecules across a membrane without using energy.

b)

The movement of molecules across a membrane using energy.

79.

What is passive transport?

a)

The movement of molecules across a membrane without using energy.

b)

The movement of molecules across a membrane using energy.

80.

What is osmosis?

a)

The movement of carbon dioxide across a membrane. It is a type of active transport.

b)

The movement of carbon dioxide across a membrane. It is a type of passive transport.

c)

The movement of water across a membrane. It is a type of passive transport.

d)

The movement of water across a membrane. It is a type of active transport.

81.

What does the prefix "Homo" mean?

a)

Two

b)

Three

c)

Same

d)

Different

82.

What does the prefix "Hetero" mean?

a)

Two

b)

Three

c)

Same

d)

Different

83.

If I describe a female as being homozygous dominant for a trait, what will her genotype be?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

AAA

84.

If I describe a female as being homozygous recessive for a trait, what will her genotype be?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

AAA

85.

If I describe a female as being heterozygous for a trait, what will her genotype be?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

AAA

86.

In dogs, black fur is dominant to white fur. If a dog has white fur, what is their genotype?

a)

AA

b)

Aa

c)

aa

d)

AAA

87.

What does the word dominant mean?

a)

Weaker

b)

Stronger, overpowering

c)

Two

d)

Same

88.

What does the word recessive mean?

a)

Weaker

b)

Stronger, overpowering

c)

Two

d)

Same

89.

What is the genotype for a female?

a)

XX

b)

XY

c)

XXX

d)

XXY

90.

What is the genotype for a male?

a)

XX

b)

XY

c)

XXX

d)

XXY

91.

A person has AB blood. What type of inheritance is this?

a)

Classic Dominance

b)

Incomplete

c)

Codominant

d)

Sex linked

92.

Homozygous dominant flowers are red, heterozygous flowers are pink and homozygous recessive flowers are white. What type of inheritance is this?

a)

Classic Dominance

b)

Incomplete

c)

Codominant

d)

Sex linked

93.

Hemophilia and colorblindness are examples of ____ inheritance. They are inherited on the X chromosome.

a)

Classic Dominance

b)

Incomplete

c)

Codominant

d)

Sex linked

94.

Who is most likely going to inherit a sex linked trait?

a)

Males

b)

Females

c)

Equally likely

95.

What shape represents a male on a pedigree?

a)

Triangle

b)

Hexagon

c)

Circle

d)

Square

96.

What shape represents a female on a pedigree?

a)

Triangle

b)

Hexagon

c)

Circle

d)

Square

97.

Which of the following is a point mutation? Select all that apply.

a)

inversion

b)

insertion

c)

deletion

d)

translocation

e)

substitution

98.

Black, white, and speckled chickens are present in a particular species. Which genetic phenomenon has occured?

a)

complete dominance

b)

codominance

c)

incomplete dominance

d)

a chromosomal muation

99.
a)

autosomal recessive

b)

autosomal dominant

c)

sex-linked recessive

d)

sex-linked dominant

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