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WorksheetsBiology Midterm Review - Micro to Macro Pacing
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 33mins
Which is a trait of all living things?
They are eukaryotes.
They come from pre-existing living things by cell division.
They use oxygen.
They are multicellular.
Which is a trait of plant, fungi, some protists and bacterial cells (prokaryotes), but not animal cells?
mitochondria
cell membrane
ribosomes
cell wall
Which of these is found in all eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
nucleus
cell wall
chloroplasts
plasma membrane
The picture shown is evidence that:
Cells have a nucleus.
Cells can move with flagella, pseudopodia or cilia.
All living things are composed of single or multiple cells.
All cells are exactly alike.
Which cell is best to study classifying proteins into groups based on the principle function of the protein?
The cell on the right, because it has genetic information organized into chromosomes.
The cell on the right, because it has organelles that secrete proteins.
The cell on the left, because it has free proteins throughout its cytoplasm.
The cell on the left, because it has a flagellum that enables movement.
Why do root cells usually not contain chloroplasts, while leaf cells usually do?
Light strikes leaves and they serve as the primary site for light dependent chemical reactions of photosynthesis.
Root cells are too small to accommodate chloroplasts.
Root cells require less energy.
Root cells can't fit chloroplasts because they are full of water and nutrients.
What type of cell is indicated by 7?
nucleus
epidermal cell
guard cell
stomata
Why does pinching the top of plant off cause it to become bushier?
DNA replication supported by enzymes occurs in the apical meristem.
Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts at the top of the plant.
The apical meristem produces ATP at the top of the plant.
Auxins produced in the apical meristem inhibit the growth of lateral buds. Removing them promotes that growth.
Which type of cell division produces four daughter cells that are haploid?
mitosis
meiosis
anaphase
telophase
A species of wild pig is codominant for white and black hair. What color would be expressed in the offspring represented by the missing square below if B represents the allele for black hair and W represents the white hair?
black
gray
black and white
white
A piece of some DNA is shown. What could happen if two the base pairs on this strand of DNA are switched?
The DNA could not replicate.
The DNA could not make mRNA.
The protein would be changed.
The DNA would fall apart.
A plant is known to have red and white flowers. Red is dominant over white which is recessive. Two Red flowers are bred. One of the offspring plants has white flowers. What is the best explanation?
The flower genes mutated.
The flower only received a single copy of the allele.
The offspring flower received a black and a white allele.
The red flowers were heterozygous and the white flower received to recessive white alleles.
What do mitosis (cell replication) and meiosis (production of gametes) have in common?
recombination (crossing over)
cytokinesis
homologous chromosomes pair up
haploid daughter cells
A Brown long fur rabbit, genotype LlBb is crossed with another brown fur rabbit with short fur, genotype Llbb. What is the probability of getting short fur brown rabbits in the F1 progeny (offspring)? Hint: Foil
1/8
2/8
3/8
4/8
"Homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell separate and produce four haploid daughter cells" best describes:
mitosis
meiosis
repication
protein synthesis
What is the first step in DNA replication?
Polymerase reanneals the DNA strands.
Two new strands of DNA form.
The sugars and phosphates separate from the nitrogenous bases.
Helicase unwinds the two DNA strands.
What type of macromolecule contains phosphorus as part of a phosphate group?
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids
carbohydrates
What part of an amino acid's molecular formula distinguishes the macromolecule from other amino acids?
the amino group
the carboxyl group
the R-group
the nitrogenous base
What is one crucial difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Meiosis creates two identical daughter cells. Mitosis produces unique gametes that add to genetic diversity.
Mitosis creates two identical daughter cells. Meiosis produces unique gametes that add to genetic diversity.
Mutations can only happen during meiosis.
Recombination only occurs during mitosis.
Based on the diagram, what is the correct order for DNA replication?
4, 1, 2, 3
4, 2, 3, 1
4, 1, 3, 2
4, 3, 2, 1
A certain molecule lowers activation energy as shown in the graph. What type of molecule decreases the activation energy?
protein
carbohydrate
lipid
nucleic acid
Which base sequence of DNA will produce mRNA that codes for Lysine (lys)?
AAG
TTC
AAA
UUC
Why is an inland sandy desert hotter than a sandy beach by the ocean?
Water moderates heat less than sand.
Water moderates heat more than sand.
Polar water molecules reflect heat back as electrical charges.
Polar water molecules attract hot charged particles.
What property of water causes ice to float?
Oxygen has a higher electronegativity than hydrogen.
Salt water is more dense than freshwater.
Solid water is less dense than liquid water.
Hydrogen has a higher electronegativity than oxygen.
Why does the red dye go up the celery?
Water is a universal solvent.
Water has cohesive behavior.
Water moderates temperature.
Water expands when it freezes.
In an experiment on photosynthesis, Yasneidy, observed that the part of the leaf outside the bottle tested positive for starch. The part of the leaf inside the bottle tested negative for starch. In a control group with no KOH (potassium hydroxide) and only distilled water, the entire leaf tested positive for starch. What can be inferred about potassium hydroxide?
KOH dissolves cells.
KOH produces water.
KOH releases oxygen
KOH absorbs carbon dioxide.
What is the main difference between aerobic and anerobic cellular respiration?
Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen, aerobic does not.
Anaerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide, aerobic does not.
Aerobic respiration uses oxygen, anaerobic does not.
Anaerobic respiration uses oxygen, aerobic does not.
What is one thing in common about photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Both make glucose.
Both produce ATP.
Both require oxygen.
Both include the Krebs cycle.
What is the relationship between photosynthesis and aerobic cellular respiration?
Both occur in the mitochondria.
Both occur in the chloroplasts.
Both occur in animals.
Both the equations have carbon dioxide, glucose, oxygen, and water, but are opposites.
Which two macromolecules would support lean muscle and strong tendons and ligaments and supply quick energy in a supplement for working out?
lipids and nucleic acids
carbohydrates and lipids
proteins and carbohydrates
nucleic acids and carbohydrates
Shown is an activity graph for the enzyme Taq polymerase which is used in DNA replication and PCR (polymerase chain reaction). Which statement is best supported by this graph?
The enzyme is a protein made of polypeptides.
The enzyme works equally well in bacteria adapted to high temperatures and eukaryotes, such as humans.
The enzymes rate of activity increases with time until it becomes inactive.
An enzyme is most active and functions best at specific temperature conditions.
Which of the organelles listed forms a boundary between the cell and environment, controls movement of materials in and out of the cell, and is made of a lipid bi-layer?
nucleus
cell membrane
mitochondria
cell wall
Which is an important part of the cell theory?
Plants are made of cells, animals are not.
All cells in plants and animals are identical.
Cells can come from nonliving things.
Both plants and animals are made of cells.
. A student performs an investigation to determine if keeping plants in a greenhouse will reduce the amount of water lost to evaporation. The student hypothesizes that if a plant is in a closed, humid environment, then less water will be lost to evaporation. The student places the plants in beakers of water and then sets some beakers inside and some beakers outside of a greenhouse. She then measures the amount of water lost from each beaker. Which table should the student use to collect the data needed to test her hypothesis?
A student observes a difference in the activity level of fish in a sea park exhibit. The fish in an aquarium near the window are swimming around more quickly than the fish in an aquarium near a dark hallway. The student forms a hypothesis about the effect of sunlight on fish activity levels and arranges to conduct an experiment. Which variable could be an independent variable in the student's experiment?
the type of fish
speed at which fish swim
activity of fish
water temperature
Using the data shown from a botanist growing juvenile orchids, decide which conclusion is supported.
The best growth medium is number 1.
The best growth medium is number 2.
The best growth medium is number 3.
The best growth medium is number 4.
Which graph below shows an enzyme catalyzed reaction of the graph shown here.
Which diagram shows photosynthesis with the correct reactants and products?
Which factor makes enzymes well-suited to the role of catalyst in a biochemical reaction?
Enzymes slow down reactions so products can form.
Enzymes can only bind to other enzymes so the same product is formed each time.
Enzymes do not affect the energy of a reaction.
Enzymes can be reused because they do not permanently bond with substrate.
Plants in shady environments have large broad leaves. Which of the reactants below is maximized by this strategy?
light energy
carbon dioxide
oxygen
water
Students observed several prepared slides of a process that occurs in a dividing onion cell. They observed haploid cells in one slide, centromeres that did not separate during anaphase in another slide, and two different cell divisions resulting in four daughter cells in other slides. Which statement is NOT true about the process that was observed?
The processes observed produce genetically different cells.
The observations suggest cellular reproduction and general growth and repair of the body.
The slides were of an egg cell or a sperm cell.
The number of chromosomes resulting from the process is reduced by half.
Meiosis I is shown. At which phase does crossing over and exchange of genetic material occur?
prophase I
metaphase I
anaphase I
telophase I
What is the best conclusion from the data shown on the growth of beans?
Group 2 received 9 hours of light per day.
Groups 1 and 5 confirm that light affects plant growth.
Group 1 shows the plants were receiving too much light.
Group 5 shows that plants do not need light.
If a cell has n chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be in the daughter cells after mitosis?
1/4 n
1/2 n
n
2 n
Which of these steps occurs during mitosis and maintains the chromosome number of an organism?
Chromosomes are independently assorted into 4 daughter cells.
Crossing over occurs during cell division.
Replicated chromosomes separate into two identical daughter cells.
Chromosomes coil up tightly before the cell divides.
Which scenario could be consider an misuse of using the human genome information that came from sequencing human DNA?
Testing a family for hereditary diseases.
Using gene therapy to cure hereditary diseases.
Basing medical insurance prices on hereditary disease carried in a family.
Using genetic engineering to produce a bacteria with human DNA that can provide insulin to diabetics.
Which scenario could be consider an ethical violation of using the human genome information that came from sequencing human DNA?
Testing reveals mutations.
Testing for a disease.
Testing is used to chose employees for a company.
Testing changes human evolution.
. Stem cells can become any type of cell in the human body, making them ideal for many types of therapies. One area of possible use is in brain cell transplants that could help people with spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease. Even though there is great potential for helping people, what is one ethical issue that could arise from the use of stem cells?
The cost of the cells.
The source of the cells.
The method of storing the cells.
The medical procedure for using the cells.
Based on the picture, which is the best statement below?
All species have the same DNA code sequences.
All species DNA codes for the same proteins.
The coding of DNA is unique for different species.
All organisms known contain the same four DNA bases.
The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific project that determined the sequence of chemical base pairs that make up DNA and mapped the human genes. This allowed researchers to compare sequences of human DNA to sequences of DNA from other organisms. From these comparisons, they could identify similar genes that may have similar functions. Which statement best explains why it is possible to make these types of comparisons of these DNA sequences?
All species have the same mutations.
All species DNA uses enzymes.
The codons in all living things use different sequences for the same amino acids.
The codons in all living things use the same sequence for the same amino acids.
An error in which part of the cell cycle is most likely to lead to cancer?
M
S
G1
G2
. Human p53 is a tumor-suppressor gene located on chromosome 17. The function of this gene is to prevent cells with damaged DNA from undergoing mitosis. What would most likely result if there were a mutation that decreased the function of the p53 gene?
Cells would grow too large and die.
Cells would divide out of control.
Cells would increase protein production.
Cells would no longer undergo mitosis.
Which mutated mRNA codon would most likely lead to a change in the expression of the protein?
1
2
3
4
Some mutations change a codon, but not the expression of the trait. Why is this good?
The mutated DNA may produce a new beneficial trait.
The mutated DNA will still produce the same protein.
The mutated DNA will cause the protein synthesis to fail.
The mutated DNA will increase the production of the ribosomes.
In fish, green (G) and red (R) alleles are codominant. In a breeding experiment, 1/2 the offspring are red and green and 1/2 the offspring are red. None of the offspring are solid green. Which parental cross below is likely to be the parents of these fish offspring?
GR x RR
GR x GR
GG x RR
GR x GG
A man is heterozygous for type B blood, IBi and a woman has type AB. What is the percent chance for their child to be AB?
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
How can genetic screening benefit people who choose to have it done?
Gene therapy can always correct any problems.
New mutations can be avoided by changing they're routine.
Changes to behavior and lifestyle can help offset certain genetic predispositions.
Genetic diseases won't be transmitted to others if they are careful.
What is the one thing you cannot control?
Diet
Exercise
Inherited DNA
Stress
Which microscope is best for a specimen that is just barely visible to the naked eye?
scanning electron microscope
transmission electron microscope
dissecting microscope
compound light microscope
Why would a scientist choose a transmission electron microscope (TEM) over a compound microscope?
Better for live samples
3 dimensional image
Can see atoms and molecules
Better resolution
The cell membrane is selectively permeable. What does this mean?
No substances get in.
Diffusion through the membrane costs no energy.
Substances can only move into the cell, not out.
Some substance can move in and out of the cell, others cannot.
Why is the plant cell vacuole so much larger?
Plant vacuoles must contain the ribosomes.
Plant vacuoles store enzymes for photosynthesis.
Plant vacuoles store water to maintain turgor pressure.
Plant vacuoles act as a second nucleus.
Aerobic cellular respiration produces ATP. Where does this occur?
chloroplast
mitochondria
cytoplasm
ribosomes
What did Francesco Redi help add to the cell theory?
Cells come from pre-existing cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
Animals are made of cells.
Plants are made fo cells.
Where is pollen produced?
pistil
ovary
stigma
stamen
