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Rocks and Water Review

Total questions: 82

Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The type of rock that forms layers and sometimes contains fossils. These are formed by deposition, compaction and cementation.

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Sedimentary Rock

c)

Metamorphic Rock

2.
This rock formed when bits of other rocks became pressed into a solid. What type of rock is it?
a)
Sedimentary Rock
b)
Metamorphic Rock
c)
Igneous Rock
3.

What kind of rock is formed when tiny pieces of rock and fossilized plants and animals get stuck together?

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Sedimentary rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

4.

Which is an example of Precipitation?

a)

Snow

b)

Air

c)

Clouds

d)

Trees

5.
This rock is made from tiny pieces of other rocks that settled to the bottom of a valley millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
6.
How do plants weather rocks?
a)
during photosynthesis
b)
when roots grow into cracks of rocks and expand the rock
c)
when the plant moves water from the roots to the leaves
7.
Formed by cooling & solidification of lava
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic
c)
Extrusive Igneous
d)
Intrusive Igneous
8.

This rock was another type of rock that was heated and compressed over time. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

9.

What is the water cycle?

a)

The process of water changing from liquid to gas.

b)

The three states of water.

c)

The process of water melting.

d)

The continuous movement of water between the air and land.

10.

The process by which sediments move from one place to another from wind or rain is called...

a)

Deposition

b)

Erosion

c)

Weathering

11.

Hail is an example of...

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Accumulation

12.

The type of rock formed when magma and lava cool and make mineral crystals

a)

Igneous Rock

b)

Metamorphic Rock

c)

Sedimentary Rock

13.

This rock started as molten magma but transformed after a volcano erupted. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

14.
a)

Atmosphere

b)

Ground Water

c)

Condensation

15.

What process is used to form sedimentary rocks?

a)

Lava cools and hardens to form a rock.

b)

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition, Compaction, Cementation

c)

Extreme heat and pressure from inside the Earth turn rocks into new rocks.

d)

Magma trapped under the Earth's surface cools and solidifies.

16.

When natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another.

a)

Compaction

b)

Deposition

c)

Erosion

17.

This rock was formed when magma cooled very slowly inside the Earth. What specific type of rock is it?

a)

Intrusive Igneous Rock

b)

Extrusive Igneous Rock

c)

Foliated Metamorphic Rock

d)

Clastic Sedimentary Rock

18.
Has small or no crystals because of rapid cooling
a)
sedimentary
b)
metamorphic
c)
extrusive igneous
d)
intrusive igneous
19.

The picture shows...

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Accumulation

20.

What do you think is the energy source for the water cycle?

a)

The sun

b)

The stars

c)

Your teacher

d)

The moon

21.

The three groups of rocks are classified by

a)

How they form

b)

Color

c)

Grain size

d)

Chemical Composition

22.

Water getting into cracks of rocks then freezing and breaking the rock apart is an example of _________.

a)

weathering

b)

erosion

c)

deposition

23.

The process of turning from a liquid into vapor.

a)

Precipitation

b)

Evaporation

c)

Condensation

d)

Collection

24.

This rock should be classified as

a)

hard rock

b)

igneous rock

c)

metamorphic rock

d)

sedimentary rock

25.
Picture A is a mountain in the Sierra Nevada. Picture B shows only the west ridge of the mountain range.  What is the most likely reason for the shape of picture B?
a)
It was hit by a volcanoe
b)
Chemical weathering
c)
mechanical weathering
d)
it was caused by an earthquake
26.

the process by which a substance changes from a gaseous state to a liquid state.

a)

Condensation

b)

Collection

c)

Precipitation

d)

Evaporation

27.

A type of change that describes the breaking down or dissolving of rocks or minerals.

a)

Erosion

b)

Deposition

c)

Weathering

28.

This rock was found near the mouth of a volcano. What type of rock is this?

a)

Sedimentary

b)

Extrusive Igneous

c)

Metamorphic

29.
Has large crystals because of slow cooling
a)
sedimentary rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
intrusive igneous rock
d)
extrusive igneous rock
30.

According to the diagram, how does magma become an igneous rock?     

a)

Melting

b)

Cooling

c)

Heat and Pressure

d)

Compaction and Cementation

31.

What happens during condensation?

a)

Water falls down as rain, sleet, hail, or snow.

b)

Water vapor turns into water droplets and forms clouds.

c)

Water gets warm and changes from liquid water to water vapor.

d)

Water flows back into oceans, rivers, and lakes.

32.

Rain, sleet, hail, and snow are examples of...

a)

Evaporation

b)

Condensation

c)

Precipitation

d)

Accumulation

33.
What type of weathering is it when acid rain breaks down and changes the rock.
a)
chemical weathering 
b)
physical or mechanical weathering
c)
erosion
34.

What causes water to evaporate?

a)

The moon

b)

The clouds

c)

The sun

35.

What is deposition?

a)

Dropping off sediment

b)

Movement of sediment

c)

Breaking down of sediment 

36.

What has to increase for metamorphism to occur? 

a)

weathering and erosion

b)

temperature and pressure

c)

melting and cooling

d)

compaction ad cementation

37.

A series of processes by which rocks are transformed from one type to another.

a)

Rock Cycle

b)

Water Cycle

c)

Nitrogen Cycle

38.

Which of the following IS NOT true about groundwater?

a)

Groundwater is the largest freshwater source on Earth.

b)

Groundwater is freshwater beneath Earth’s surface.

c)

Groundwater is the largest liquid freshwater source for humans.

d)

Groundwater can maintain streamflow during times of drought.

39.

The top of an aquifer is known as:

a)

the water table.

b)

an artesian well.

c)

the hydraulic gradient.

d)

a geyser.

40.

What does the quantity of groundwater that can be stored depend upon?

a)

It depends upon the porosity of the underground rock.

b)

It depends upon the pH of the groundwater.

c)

It depends upon the underground depth of the storage system.

d)

It depends upon the temperature of the underground rock.

41.

What is the source of heat for hot springs?

a)

It is provided by the cooling of igneous rock.

b)

It is provided by the transformation of metamorphic rock to sedimentary rock.

c)

It is provided by the warming process of soil moisture.

d)

It is provided by plate subduction at convergent boundaries.

42.

Which of the following depicts an artesian well?

a)
b)
c)
d)
43.

According to the Karst map, in which of the following states would sinkholes be extremely rare?

a)

North Dakota

b)

Texas

c)

Florida

d)

Missouri

44.

Fertilizer can seep through the ground to reach groundwater, what effect can it have?

a)

Fertilizer can cause groundwater to reverse flow

b)

Fertilizer can cause groundwater to freeze

c)

Fertilizer can cause groundwater to become undrinkable

d)

It will seep into the school

45.

Sunken land surface due to underlying compression of earth material as a result of the removal of groundwater is

a)

subsidence

b)

point source water pollution

c)

groundwater

d)

Dotties water bowl

46.

When water flows across the surface of the earth it is called?

a)

Watershed

b)

River

c)

Run Off

d)

Rain

47.

All of the water in the ground is not fresh water. Much of the deep groundwater and water below oceans is _?_

a)

saline

b)

solid

c)

frozen

d)

fresh

48.

Pressure from within an aquifer can naturally force water up and out of the ground. This is called a flowing ? well.

a)

pressurized

b)

stagnant

c)

aquifer

d)

artesian

49.

The process by which groundwater is replenished and can occur naturally through infiltration is called - groundwater ? .

a)

recharge

b)

renergize

c)

discharge

d)

expulsion

50.

In the diagram, letter A best represents:

a)

Runoff

b)

Watershed

c)

Water Table

d)

Confining Layer

51.

Which of the layers is composed of impermeable material?

a)

Layer B: the unconfined aquifer

b)

Layer C: the unconfined aquifer

c)

Layer C: the confining layer

d)

Layer D: the unconfined aquifer

52.

Out of all the water on Earth, how much is freshwater?

a)

100%

b)

70%

c)

30%

d)

3%

53.
Sand is ___________, meaning that water can pass through easily.
a)
Permeable
b)
Impermeable
c)
Solid
d)
Soft
54.

What type of glacier covers huge areas of land?

a)

alpine

b)

continental

c)

till

d)

moraine

55.

What type of glacier forms in a mountainous area?

a)

Alpine

b)

continental

c)

till

d)

moraine

56.

unsorted rock material deposited directly by ice as it melts

a)

glacial drift

b)

stratified drift

c)

till

d)

glacier

57.

which type of moraine forms along each side of a glacier?

a)

medial moraine

b)

lateral moraine

c)

ground moraine

d)

terminal moraine

58.
Glaciers form when _____.
a)
less snow falls than melts 
b)
more snow falls than melts 
c)
less rain falls than freezes 
d)
more rain falls than freezes 
59.
_____ is rock debris embedded in base of ice create polishing, grooves and striations.
a)
Plucking
b)
Abrasion
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
60.
_____ are parallel scratch marks on bedrock
a)
Plucking
b)
Abrasion
c)
Straitions
d)
Till
61.
_____ are enormous boulders transported and deposited by glaciers, often far from their source region.
a)
Till
b)
Erratics
c)
Moraines
d)
Fjords
62.

The cross sections show a three-stage sequence in the development of a glacial feature. Which glacial feature has formed by the end of stage 3?

a)

kettle lake

b)

finger lake

c)

drumlin

d)

parallel scratches

63.

The diagram represents a stream valley. Which diagram below best shows how this valley might be modified after a glacier has moved through it?

a)
b)
c)
d)
64.
How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—
a)
keeps the rocks in place.
b)
makes the rocks last longer.
c)
expands cracks and breaks rocks.
d)
causes rocks to fall in landslides.
65.
A cliff formed near the ocean.  Which statement best describes how this cliff formed?
a)
Warm air melted the rock.
b)
Sun rays evaporated the rock.
c)
Ocean waves washed away rock.
d)
Plant roots pushed away the rock.
66.
Which of these is an example of erosion?
a)
Light shining onto a mountain.
b)
Rain breaking down rocks on a mountain into smaller pieces. 
c)
Wind blowing away sediment to a new place on the mountain.
d)
All of the above.
67.
How do plants weather rocks?
a)
Plants don't weather rocks.
b)
When roots grow into cracks of rocks and expand the rock breaks.
c)
When the plant moves water from the roots to the leaves, the rock breaks.
68.
These rocks were broken apart from the continuous freeze/thaw of water in the cracks of the rocks. This is an example of:
a)
ice wedging
b)
acid rain
c)
permeability
d)
abrasion
69.

All rivers flow...

a)

down hill

b)

south except a few

c)

south in the Northern Hemisphere

d)

north in the Southern Hemisphere

70.

A satellite image of an area in Ohio shows a river with slight bends along its length. A second satellite image taken of the same area 10 years later shows the same river with a different course. What is the best explanation for the difference in the shape of the river's course between the two satellite images?

a)

Wind blew waves across the water surface, eroding away the bank on one side of the river until the river's course changed its shape

b)

Regular freezing and thawing of the river split the soil along the river banks, changing the shape of the river

c)

Water eroded the banks of the river and deposited the eroded soil on opposite banks, causing the river to form tighter bends

d)

Acid rain chemically weathered the banks along the river, forcing the river to wind back and forth

71.

Which particles will be transported by a stream moving at a velocity (speed) of 5 cm/s?

a)

pebbles, sand, silt, and clay, only

b)

sand, silt, and clay, only

c)

silt and clay, only

d)

clay, only

72.

Compared to the stream speed between point X and point Y, the stream speed between point Y and point Z is most likely

a)

greater, since the slope of the land decreases

b)

greater, since the slope of the land increases

c)

less, since the slope of the land decreases

d)

less, since the slope of the land increases

73.

Erosion is most likely greatest at locations

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

D and A

74.

Which two locations have the fastest water flow?

a)

A and B

b)

B and C

c)

C and D

d)

D and A

75.

What is the name of the largest sediment that can be transported by a stream moving at a velocity of 100 centimeters per second (cm/s)?

a)

silt

b)

sand

c)

pebbles

d)

cobbles

76.

At which point does the greatest stream erosion occur?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

77.
What process creates deltas?
a)
Deposition by water
b)
Deposition by ice (glaciers)
c)
Deposition by wind
78.

The process in which sediment settles out (drops to the bottom) of the water or wind that is carrying it

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Sedimentation

d)

Deposition

79.

The accompanying cross section illustrates the general sorting of sediment by a river as it flows from a mountain to a plain. Which factor most likely caused the sediment to be sorted in the pattern shown?

a)

velocity (speed) of the river water

b)

hardness of surface bedrock

c)

the eroding agent (wind, water, or glacier)

d)

temperature of the water

80.

What do we call the volume of water that flows past a given point in a certain time period?

a)

Oxbow

b)

Discharge

c)

Gradient/slope

d)

Meander

81.

What do we call a bend or curve in a slow-moving river?

a)

Meander

b)

Tributary

c)

Discharge

d)

Slope

82.

Which erodes/breaks down more rock:

a)

A fast-moving stream

b)

A slow-moving stream

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