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AP Biology Heredity Review

Total questions: 61

Worksheet time: 3570secs

Name
Class
Date
1.
Imagine you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. What F1 offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green.
a)
100 percent yellow-green seeds
b)
100 percent yellow seeds
c)
50 percent yellow, 50 percent green seeds
d)
25 percent green, 75 percent yellow seeds
2.
A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that trait.
a)
heterozygous
b)
homozygous or heterozygous
c)
homozygous
d)
diploid
3.
Meiosis results in ______.
a)
4 genetically distinct haploid gametes
b)
2 genetically distinct cells
c)
2 genetically identical cells
d)
4 genetically identical cells
4.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
5.
When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs
a)
crossing over
b)
mutagenesis
c)
hybridization
d)
fertilization
6.
The observable outward manifestation of the genes of an individual is referred to as its
a)
blueprint
b)
genotype
c)
phenotype
d)
genetic map
7.
Unlike Mendel's experiments, when a very tall person and a very short person mate, the children are variable in height. Why is one trait (tall or short) not dominant over the other?
a)
the gene for height in humans has incomplete dominance
b)
the gene for height has multiple co-dominant alleles
c)
height in not controlled by genes in humans
d)
human height is controlled by multiple genes
8.
One of the main reasons genes assort independent of one another  is that 
a)
they produce unrelated traits
b)
they produce related traits
c)
they are on the same chromosome
d)
they are on different chromosomes.
9.
In humans, if a non-disjunction event leads to an individual that is XXY, they would
a)
be female because they have 2 X chromosomes
b)
be male because they have a Y chromosome
c)
not survive
d)
have both male and female characteristics
10.
Chromosomes that do NOT play a role in determining the sex of an individual are called
a)
sex chromosoems
b)
X and Y
c)
autosomes
d)
A and B are correct
11.

If a particular pedigree follows a sex-linked recessive trait, you would expect to see

a)

more affected females

b)

all carrier males

c)

more affected males

d)

an equal number of affected males and females

12.
In humans, hemophilia is an X-linked recessive trait. If a man and a woman have a son who is affected with hemophilia, which of the following is definitely true?
a)
The mother carries an allele for hemophilia
b)
The father carries an allele for hemophilia
c)
The father is afflicted with hemophilia
d)
both parents carry an allele for hemophilia
13.
Which stages show is most responsible for the variation caused by independent assortment
a)
A
b)
D
c)
H
d)
J
14.
The red and blue pair of chromosomes in the bottom row are
a)
genetically identical
b)
carrying the same  genes, but different alleles
c)
carrying completely different genes
d)
carrying the same genes and the same alleles
15.
A person with Turner syndrome has only one X chromosome. This means one of their gametes was missing a chromosome.
Which of the following is why gametes sometimes lack a complete chromosome?
a)
Incomplete dominance
b)
Nondisjunction
c)
Inversion mutation
d)
Substitution mutation
16.
Give the genotype for person III-3
a)
GG
b)
Gg
c)
gg
d)
Cannot determine
17.
Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a male with hemophilia?
a)
XHXh
b)
XhXh
c)
XHY
d)
XhY
18.
The range of human skin colors is caused by a variety of genes, each of which has at least 2 alleles.  This is an example of:
a)
incomplete dominance
b)
codominance
c)
multiple alleles
d)
polygenic inheritance
19.
Gametes are _________.
a)
Diploid
b)
Haploid
c)
Aneuploid
d)
variably ploidy
20.
The physical appearance of an organism based on traits
a)
Genotype
b)
Phenotype
c)
Meiosis
d)
Genetics
21.
What fraction of offspring from the cross AaBB x Aabb will be heterozygous for both traits?
a)
1/16
b)
4/16
c)
8/16
d)
3/16
22.
Tendency for alleles of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together
a)
genetic linkage
b)
genetics
c)
Punnett square
d)
gene locus
23.
In Drosophila, the genes for eye colour (pr), wing shape (vg), and body colour (eb) are all found on the same chromosome. The following crossover frequencies for these genes were determined by experimentation. Determine the sequence of genes on the chromosome.
a)
eb - vg - pr
b)
vg - eb - pr
c)
vg - pr - eb
d)
pr- vg - eb
24.
What type of heredity is shown in the pedigree?
(hint: check your notes - "modes of inheritance")
a)
Sex-Linked Dominant
b)
Sex-Linked Recessive
c)
Autosomal Dominant
d)
Autosomal Recessive 
25.
What is the genotype of the great-grandfather? (Individual 2)
a)
A_
b)
aa
c)
Aa
d)
AA
26.
X-linked conditions are more common in men than in women because
a)
The genes associated with the  X linked conditions are linked to the X chromosome, which determines maleness.
b)
Men need to inherit only one copy of the recessive allele for the condition to be fully expressed
c)
Women simply do not develop the disease regardless of their genetic composition
d)
The sex chromosomes are more active in men than in women
27.
How would the DNA in a horse muscle cell compare with the DNA in a horse sperm cell?
a)
The sperm cell would have twice the DNA as the muscle cell.
b)
The sperm cell would have half as much DNA as the muscle cell.
c)
The sperm cell and muscle cell would contain the same amount of DNA.
d)
The muscle cell would have four times the DNA as the sperm cell.. 
28.
Which of the following best describes meiosis?
a)
It is carried out in all tissues theat require cell replacement
b)
It occurs only in cells in the reproductive structures of an organism
c)
It happens in all of the tissues except the brain and spinal cord
d)
It is the first stage of mitosis
29.
Fruit fly body cells have 8 chromosomes. After mitosis, you would expect a resulting fruit fly daughter cell to have ...
a)
16 chromosomes.
b)
46 chromosomes.
c)
8 chromosomes.
d)
4 chromosomes.
30.

Which of the following contributes to genetic variation in sexually reproducing species?

a)

crossing over, internal fertilization, independent assortment

b)

independent assortment, spindle formation, random fertilization

c)

random fertilization, DNA synthesis, independent assortment

d)

random fertilization, independent assortment, crossing over

e)

internal fertilization, spindle formation, crossing over

31.

The major contribution of sex to evolution is that __________.

a)

it is the only mechanism for species to reproduce.

b)

it provides a method to increase genetic variation.

c)

it provides a way in which somatic mutations can be inherited.

d)

it provides a method to increase genetic variation and it provides a way in which somatic mutation can be inherited.

e)

it is the only mechanism for species to reproduce and it provides a method to increase genetic variation.

32.
Which genes would show the highest frequency of crossing over?
a)
A-B
b)
A-D
c)
D-C
d)
B-C
33.
The trait that covers up the other trait and is written as an uppercase letter is called the
a)
Dominant Trait
b)
Homozygous Trait
c)
Recessive Trait
d)
Heterozygous Trait
34.
This is the word for the genetic code of a trait...
a)
Genes
b)
Phenotype
c)
Alleles
d)
Genotype
35.
___________ make up DNA.
a)
Chromosomes
b)
Genes
c)
Dominant
d)
Cells
36.
This is the word for the trait that is covered up by another form of that trait and is written as a lowercase letter....
a)
Recessive
b)
Homozygous
c)
Heterozygous
d)
Dominant
37.
______________ makes up chromosomes
a)
Cells
b)
DNA
c)
Alleles
d)
The nucleus
38.
Describes an organism with two alleles for one trait that are the same.
a)
Genotype
b)
Heterozygous
c)
Homozygous
d)
Phenotype
39.
Describes an organism with two alleles for one trait that are different.
a)
Genotype
b)
Heterozygous
c)
Homozygous
d)
Phenotype
40.

On what structures do we find genes?

a)

genes

b)

alleles

c)

chromosomes

d)

traits

41.

What is an allele?

a)

a pair of chromosomes

b)

the study of heredity

c)

a dominant trait

d)

different forms of a gene

42.

What type of gene is ALWAYS expressed if it is present?

a)

recessive

b)

dominant

c)

allele

d)

hybrid

43.

What is another word for heterozygous?

a)

homozygous

b)

hybrid

c)

heredity

d)

purebred

44.

What is a genotype?

a)

the genes you have

b)

your physical characteristics

45.

a tool used to predict the results from crossing 2 sets of allelles

a)

microscope

b)

Punnett square

c)

Jawsome trapezoid

46.

aa, bb

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

47.

CC, DD, EE

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

48.

Tt, Bb, Ww

a)

heterozygous

b)

homozygous dominant

c)

homozygous recessive

49.
When alleles are neither dominant nor recessive (As a result, both alleles are expressed in the offspring.).
a)
codominance
b)
probability
c)
recessive allele
d)
Punnett Square
50.
A new organism begins to form when egg and sperm join in a process called
a)
fertilization
b)
phenotype
c)
homozygous
d)
heterozygous
51.
When does crossing over occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
Prophase 1
c)
Prophase 2
d)
Metaphase 1
52.

If a stem cell (body cell) has 24 chromosomes, how many will it have at the end of meiosis?

a)

24

b)

12

c)

6

d)

the number varies per species

53.

Meiosis results in ______.

a)

4 genetically unique haploid gametes

b)

4 genetically unique diploid cells

c)

2 genetically identical cells

d)

4 genetically identical cells

54.
The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  
a)
homozygous 
b)
asexual
c)
homologous
d)
genes
55.
What phase is  shown in the picture?
a)
anaphase 1
b)
anaphase 2
c)
metaphase 1
d)
telophase 1
56.

Two processes that increase genetic variation during meiosis are crossing over and _____

a)

Synapsis

b)

Tetrad

c)

Independent assortment

d)

Gameiosis

57.
Human eggs and sperm are _____, and each has ____ chromosomes.
a)
diploid, 23
b)
diploid, 46
c)
haploid, 23
d)
haploid, 46
58.
A male shark has 40 chromosomes in each of its sex cells. How many would be present in its body cells?
a)
20
b)
40
c)
80
d)
160
59.
What phase is represented?
a)
metaphase 1
b)
metaphase 2
c)
anaphase 1
d)
anaphase 2
60.
Identify the phase.
a)
Telophase I
b)
Telophase II
c)
Metaphase I
d)
Metaphase II
61.

Haploid cells are represented by

a)

2n

b)

n

c)

1/2 n

d)

4n

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