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H DNA Replication and Protein Synthesis Review

Total questions: 56

Worksheet time: 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following monomers are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
2.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the leading strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

3.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

4.

DNA replication runs from ______' to _____' and is said to be ______________________

a)

5, 3, antiparallel

b)

3, 5, antiparallel

c)

5, 3, parallel

d)

3, 5, parallel

5.

This enzyme is capable of breaking Hydrogen bonds found between the bases of DNA

a)

Ligase

b)

DNA Helicase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Primase

6.

Which enzyme seals okazaki fragments together on the lagging strand?

a)

RNAse H

b)

Helicase

c)

Polymerase

d)

Ligase

7.

Which enzyme is responsible for adding DNA nucleotides during DNA replication?

a)

Topoisomerase

b)

DNA Polymerase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

8.

This enzyme synthesizes short RNA sequences to guide DNA Polymerase

a)

Primers

b)

Primase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

RNAse H

9.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
10.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
11.
If the percentage of DNA is made of 30% Thymine, what is the correct percentage of Guanine?
a)
30
b)
15
c)
20
d)
60
12.
The 5' end of DNA is marked by a(n)
a)
Phosphate Group
b)
Hydroxyl Group
c)
Purine
d)
Pyrimidine
13.
 A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
a)
Translation
b)
Translocation
c)
Replication
d)
Transcription
14.
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis? 
a)
mRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
nRNA
15.
Base your answer to the following question on the structures represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures?
a)
 DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
b)
Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
d)
 The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
16.
If a DNA molecule is 18% Guanine which of the following is correct
a)
18% cytosine, 32% adenine, 32% thymine
b)
32% cytosine, 18% adenine, 32% thymine
c)
18% cytosine, 64% adenine, 64% thymine
d)
32% cytosine, 32% adenine, 18% thymine
17.

The 3' end of DNA is marked by a(n)

a)

Phosphate Group

b)

Hydroxyl Group

c)

Carboxyl Group

d)

Carbonyl Group

18.

What type of bond connects the phosphates and the sugars of nucleic acid backbones?

a)

phosphate

b)

ionic

c)

covalent

d)

hydrogen

e)

di-sulfide

19.
Sometimes, DNA is called "semi-conservative." Why might this be?
a)
The old strand is "conserved" and used to make the new strands
b)
Uracil is "conserved" in that it is only used to make the new strands
c)
ATP is "conserved" via the usage of facilitated diffusion
d)
Ligase is "conserved" in that it is denatured by the process
20.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)
anti-parallel
b)
deoxyribosic
c)
helical
d)
radioactive
21.

During DNA replication, the enzyme DNA polymerase is only able to add new nucleotides onto the ________ end of the DNA daughter strand.

a)

3'

b)

5'

c)

leading

d)

lagging

22.

Carbohydrates have the elements C,H,O

Lipids have the elements C,H,O

Proteins have the elements C,H,O,N

What elements are found in Nucleic Acids?

a)

CHONP

b)

CHON

c)

CHO

d)

CHONPS

23.

The letter I is the

a)

leading strand

b)

lagging strand

c)

RNA daughter strand

d)

discontinuous strand

24.

Replication is occurring AWAY FROM the replication fork on strand

a)

I, the leading strand

b)

I, the lagging strand

c)

H, the leading strand

d)

H, the lagging strand

25.

DNA strand has the following bases AAGCCA what are the bases on the complementary strand

a)

GGCTTA

b)

TTGGGA

c)

CCAGGT

d)

TTCGGT

26.

T/F: DNA polymerase is an enzyme that assists with hydrolysis reactions

a)

false

b)

true

27.
Small segments of DNA made on the lagging strand are called:
a)
Okazaki Fragments
b)
ERVs
c)
Transposable Elements
d)
Telomeres
28.
The central dogma of biology states that information flows in one direction from 
a)
nuclei to RNA to cytoplasm
b)
ribosomes to proteins to DNA
c)
genes to nuclei to ribosomes
d)
DNA to RNA to proteins
29.

The transfer of genetic info from DNA to RNA is called

a)

translation

b)

transcription

c)

initiation

d)

elongation

30.

Translation consists of which of the following?

a)

conversion of genetic info from the language of nucleic acids to the language of proteins

b)

conversion of genetic info from DNA to RNA

c)

addition of nucleotides to a DNA template

d)

DNA replication

31.

How many codons are in the following mRNA sequence?

UUAAACGGUCCGGAA

a)

1

b)

3

c)

4

d)

5

e)

6

32.

How many amino acids will be created from the following mRNA sequence?

UUAAACGGUCCGGAA

a)

1

b)

3

c)

5

d)

6

33.

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA?

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

RNA Polymerase

c)

DNA Primase

d)

RNAse H

34.

What is the first step in the transcription of DNA into mRNA?

a)

RNA Polymerase binds to the promoter region on the template DNA strand.

b)

RNA Polymerase adds nucleotides to the mRNA to create matching base pairs.

c)

RNA Polymerase breaks the DNA strand so that it exists as a short segment corresponding to the length of an mRNA.

d)

RNA Polymerase breaks in half and each half binds to a different strand of DNA

35.

Which is the best description of initiation?

a)

its when new nucleotides are added to the RNA

b)

its when the RNA Polymerase and RNA molecule detach

c)

Its when the RNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

d)

Its when the DNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

36.

Which is the best description of elongation?

a)

its when new nucleotides are added to the RNA

b)

its when the RNA Polymerase and RNA molecule detach

c)

Its when the RNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

d)

Its when the DNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

37.

Which is the best description of termination?

a)

its when new nucleotides are added to the RNA

b)

its when the RNA Polymerase and RNA molecule detach

c)

Its when the RNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

d)

Its when the DNA Polymerase attaches to the DNA to start transcription

38.

What is the name given to the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that signals the end of a gene and therefore the end of transcription?

a)

terminator sequence

b)

stop codon

c)

transfer sequence

d)

RNA stopase

39.

Where does transcription take place?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

ribosome

d)

golgi body

40.

Where does translation take place?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

lysosome

d)

golgi body

41.
In eukaryotes, functional messenger RNA molecules are made from
a)
exons spliced together after introns are removed
b)
introns spliced together after eons are removed
c)
exons spliced together with introns
d)
long pieces of RNA shortened by the Dicer enzyme
42.
Changes is DNA sequences that affect genetic information are known as
a)
replications
b)
mutations
c)
transformations
d)
translations
43.
A single-base mutation in a messenger RNA molecule could transcribe the DNA sequence CAGTAT into
a)
GTCATA
b)
GUCAUA
c)
GTCUTU
d)
GUAAUA
44.
A substance that can cause a change in the DNA code of an organism is called a 
a)
toxin
b)
mutagen
c)
nitrogenous base
d)
nucleotide
45.

What is the function of the poly-A tail and 5' cap in mRNA?

a)

to add modified guanine to the 3' end of the mRNA

b)

to indicate the site of translational termination

c)

to code for the binding of RNA polymerase to the DNA

d)

to help protect the mRNA from degradation by enzymes

46.

What is the anticodon on the tRNA that binds to the mRNA codon for the DNA sequence AAA?

a)

TTT

b)

UUU

c)

UUA

d)

AAA

47.
A possible sequence of nucleotides in the template strand of DNA that would code for the polypeptide sequence phe-leu-ile-val would be?
a)
5'-TTG-CTG-CAG-TAG-3'
b)
3'-AAC-GAC-GUC-AUA-5'
c)
3'-AAA-AAT-ATA-ACA-5'
d)
3'-AAA-GAA-TAA-CAA-5'
48.
What amino acid sequence will be produced based on the mRNA codon sequence
5'-AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG-3'
a)
met-ser-leu-ser-leu-ser
b)
met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu
c)
met-leu-phe-arg-glu-glu
d)
met-glu-arg-arg-glu-leu
49.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
50.

What type of mutation is shown in the diagram?

a)

Point mutation - missense

b)

Frameshift Mutation - deletion

c)

Frameshift Mutation - addition

d)

Point mutation - nonsense

51.

Small segments of RNA that transport amino acids to the ribosomes for the polypeptide chain

a)

tRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

mRNA

d)

siRNA

52.

Which of the following is NOT directly necessary for translation to occur?

a)

tRNA

b)

ribosome

c)

DNA template

d)

mRNA

53.

Which of the following is NOT directly necessary for transcription to occur?

a)

promoter

b)

RNA polymerase

c)

DNA template

d)

ribosome

54.

What signals the end of a polypeptide chain during translation?

a)

a stop codon

b)

the terminator sequence

c)

a splicing enzyme

d)

the finishing protein

55.

What type of Mutation is this to the sentence "THE CAT WAS FUN":

THE BAT WAS FUN

a)

Substitution Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Insertion Mutation

56.
What type of gene mutation has occurred here? Normal-
AGA-TTC-ATA-GCG
Mutant-
AGA-TTC-AAT-AGC-G
a)
deletion frameshift
b)
insertion frameshift
c)
substitution
d)
nonsense

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