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WorksheetsR276 Image Production Review
Total questions: 65
Worksheet time: 34mins
The air gap technique can replace the effects of a low-ratio grid.
True
False
Which of the following projections results in a "natural" air gap
AP Lumbar
Lateral C-spine
Lateral ankle
Decubitus abdomen
Which of the following are true about the Air Gap Technique? (select all that apply)
Uses Increased OID
Allows for scatter radiation to travel in divergent paths and miss the image receptor
Eliminates the need for a grid
You should always use the air gap technique with a 10:1 grid
The number of bits per pixel, which identifies grayscale values
Pixel pitch
Histogram
Bit depth
Voxel
A bit is a unit of digital information. It takes ___# of bits to create a byte
8
4
2
10
A bit is considered the smallest unit of computer data
True
False
Number of pixels in an XY direction making up a digital image
Voxtel
Matrix
Bit Depth
FOV
In many cases, digital fluoroscopy eliminates which of the following?
The need for a radiographer
Postprocedure "overhead" images
Image acquisition
Accurate positioning
In digital fluoroscopy, the image must be turned into digital form by what device?
Digital-to-analog converter
Flux capacitor
Analog-to-digital converter
DVD-ROM
What is atomic mass?
The number of protons plus the number of neutrons
The number of photons
The number of electrons
The number of protons plus the number of electrons
The law stating that the outer shell of an atom can contain no more than eight electrons is called
Ohm's law
Octet Rule
Octagon rule
Electron binding energy
As distance decreases, the intensity of the x-ray beam
Increases
Decreases
Stays the same
Types of particulate radiation (select all that apply)
Xrays
Helium nuclei
Beta particles
Gamma Ray
Electrons
Self-induction is used in the operation of what device?
Step up transformer
Autotransformer
Step down transformer
Electronic time
Electricity is supplied to the imaging department by
Motor
Rectifier
Generator
Voltmeter
The electricity provided to the radiology department operates at
120 pulses per second
60 pulses per second
110 pulses per second
220 pulses per second
A variable transformer that is used to select kVp for the Xray circuit is the
Step-up transformer
Autotransformer
Step down transformer
Rectifier
Mathematical codes used to generate the digital image are called?
Binary codes
Algorithms
Binary digits
Bytes
The space from the center of a pixel to the center of the adjacent pixel is called
Pixel Density
Bit Depth
Pixel Pitch
Matrix Depth
The best scatter cleanup is achieved with the use of
Air gap technique
Focused grids
Crosshatch grids
Parallel grides
In digital radiography, inappropriate collimation causes
A fogged image
pixel unresponsiveness
DICOM incompatibility
Histogram analysis error
To reduce patient dose, exposure technique in digital imaging should be adjusted by
Lowering kVp
Increase mAs
Shortening SID
Increasing kVp
What organization mandates a quality control program
The Joint Commission
OSHA
FDA
State Health Department
The collimator/light field to radiation field alignment must be accurate to within __% of the SID
2
4
1
10
The Effective focal spot size should be within ___% of the size state in the equipment specification
10
20
60
50
The kVp must be accurate to within __% of the kVp indicated
10
20
50
15
Exposure linearity: Adjacent mA stations should be within ___% of one another
10
20
50
5
The fluoroscopy exposure rate: Tested with a digital dosimeter; dose should not be more than ___mGy per minute
100
200
50
500
The range of exposures that may be captured by a dector
Dynamic Range
Exposure latitude
Subject Contrast
A CR plate should be erased at least every
12 hours
48 hours
24 hours
72 hours
How often should a CR reader be calibrated?
Monthy
Yearly
Daily
Every 6 months
Histogram of pixel values from image acquisition that can be used to correct or enhance luminance values
The look up table (LUT)
Spatial frequency
Subtraction panel
Exposure reproducibility
As window level increases, image brightness ____
increases
decreases
As window width narrows, contrast ____?
increases
decreases
Vertical or horizontal lines across a CR image may be due to?
A crack or bend in the CR plate
Inadequate erasure of the image receptor
Fog on the CR plate
Malfunctioning rollers in the the CR pate reader
A light area on an CR image may be caused by?
Hair, dust, or adhesive on the surface of the IR or plate reader rollers
A bend or crack in the imaging plate
Malfunctioning rollers in the CR plate reader
Incorrectly oriented grides may cause ____on the image.
A moire pattern
misalignment of the exposure field
Histogram error
Loss of information
Occupational Exposure: Annual effective dose limit
50 mSv
150 mSv
5 mSv
.5 mSv
Occupational exposure: Lens of the eye
.5 mSv
150 mSv
50 mSv
5 mSv
Occupational Exposure: Annual equivalent dose for skin, hands, & feet
5 mSv
50 mSv
150 mSv
500 mSv
Students older than the age of 18- Annual effective dose limit
.5 mSv
150 mSv
50 mSv
500 mSv
General public - Annual effective dose limit for frequent exposure
1 mSv
1.5 mSv
.5 mSv
150 mSv
Level of negligible risk
.1 mSv
.01 mSv
.001 mSv
1 mSv
Who publishes the annual dose limits?
NCRP
NNCA
Joint Commission
FDA
ARRT
Effective dose limit for the embryo or fetus for all of gestation
150 mSv
.5 mSv
5.0 mSv
1 mSv
Embryo-fetus- equivalent dose limit per month
.5 mSv
5 mSv
.05 mSv
1 mSv
Can randomly occur in nature
Stochastic effects
NonStochastic effects
Become more severe at high levels of radiation but do not occur below a certain threshold dose
Nonstochastic effects
Deterministic effects
Stochastic effects
A lead apron of at least ___mm lead equivalent must be worn during exposure to scatter radiation
.25 mm
.05 mm
.75 mm
3mm
If the exposure is 5 mGy at a distance of 3 feet, stepping back to a distance of 6 feet causes the exposure to decrease to?
10 mGy
1 mGy
1.5 mGy
1.25 mGy
Fixed Fluoroscopes must maintain a minimum of ___inches Source to tabletop
12
15
10
24
In portable radiography, the source to skin distance must be a minimum of
12 inches
15 inches
24 inches
72 inches
The fluoroscopy timer must sound an alarm after ___ mins of beam-on time
7
3
2
5
Which of the following is known as coherent scattering?
Photoelectric
Compton
Classical
Pair production
Which of the following is responsible for creating the conditions for contrast on the image
Photoelectric
Compton
Coherent
Pair production
Which of the following produces scatter radiation that exits the patient and may fog the image?
Photoelectric
Compton
Coherent
Pair production
Which of the following primarily involves loosely bound outer-shell electrons?
Photoelectric
Compton
Coherent
Pair production
Which of the following may result in occupational exposure for a radiographer?
Photoelectric
Compton
Coherent
Pair production
which of the following sets of exposure factors would result in the lowest dose to the patient
High mAs, low kVp
Low mAs, high kVp
Low mAs, high kVp, small focal spot
Low mAs, high kVp, large focal spot
Lead aprons used in fluoroscopy must be at least
.5 mm lead
.025 mm lead
.25 mm lead
.25 mm lead equivalent
The lowest intensity of scatter radiation from the patient is located
At the head of the table
At a 90 degree angle from the patient
At a 180 degree angle from the patient
At the foot of the table
Dropping a CR Cassette could cause (select all that apply)
Large areas of signal loss
Speckled radiopaque spots
Fogged Image
Horizontal and vertical lines on the image
All of the following are parts of the Image Intensifier (select all that apply)
Photocathode
Electrostatic focusing lens
Accelerating anode
Output screen
Changing alternating current to direct current
Rectification
Electromagnetism
Line voltage compensation
Mutal induction
With changes in SID, the _____ is used to calculate a new mAs
Inverse Square Law
Exposure maintenance formula
The 15% Rule
