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Biology 20 Midterm Review - Body Systems

Total questions: 114

Worksheet time: 4hrs 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Building blocks of proteins are
a)
Simple sugars
b)
Amino acids
c)
Monosaccharides
d)
Polysaccharides
2.

A scientist was studying the effect of temperature on bacterial growth. What is the manipulated variable?

a)

Length of the experiment

b)

Number of bacteria

c)

Reproduction rate

d)

Temperature

3.
Sugar, starch and cellulose are examples of
a)
Lipids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
4.
Fats, oils and waxes are examples of 
a)
Nucleic Acids
b)
Carbohydrates
c)
Lipids
d)
Proteins
5.
What is an enzyme?
a)
A biological catalyst that works in living cells to speed up chemical reactions.
b)
A biological catalyst that works outside living cells to speed up chemical reactions.
c)
A protein that increases activation energy
d)
A product of chemical reactions.
6.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
7.

What is oxygen needed for?

a)

energy releasing chemical reactions

b)

to make glucose

c)

to take in sunlight

d)

none of the above

8.

Which one accurately describes the difference between respiration and cell respiration?

a)

respiration produces glucose while cell respiration does not

b)

cell respiration is a process in cells where energy is made, while respiration is breathing

c)

respiration occurs in cells while cell respiration produces glucose

d)

none of the above

9.

After the nose, air passes into the

a)

larynx

b)

pharynx

c)

bronchi

d)

bronchioles

10.

The "windpipe" is known as the

a)

alveoli

b)

esophagus

c)

trachea

d)

bronchi

11.

A small flap of tissue that covers the trachea is called the

a)

bronchi

b)

larynx

c)

pharynx

d)

epiglottis

12.

Where would you find cilia?

a)

nose and alveoli

b)

bronchioles and mouth

c)

trachea and nose

d)

all of the above

13.

Where is carbon dioxide and oxygen exchanged at capillaries?

a)

trachea

b)

larynx

c)

alveoli

d)

bronchi

14.

What is labeled F?

a)

bronchioles

b)

trachea

c)

bronchi

d)

diaphragm

15.

What is labeled at E?

a)

bronchi

b)

trachea

c)

pharynx

d)

none of the above

16.
Which part of the Respiratory System collects air from the environment & heats/moistens the air before entering the body?
a)
lungs
b)
nose
c)
heart
d)
brain
17.
When oxygen goes in the body, to the muscles then carbon dioxide leaves muscles by blood to lungs- known as:
a)
External Respiration
b)
Internal Respiration
c)
Cellular Respiration
18.
What is the main function of the respiratory system?
a)
to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body
b)
to bring oxygen to the body
c)
to break down food and absorb nutrients
d)
to remove oxygen from the body and deliver carbon dioxide
19.

Which describes the amount of air you breathe in during one breath?

a)

Residual volume, and is 1,200 mL of air

b)

Inspiratory reserve volume, and is 500 mL of air

c)

Tidal volume, and is 500 mL of air

d)

Vital capacity volume, and is 4,800 mL of air

20.

What is the maximum amount of air your lungs can hold?

a)

Tidal volume, and is 500 mL

b)

Inspiratory reserve volume, and is 3,100 mL

c)

Vital capacity volume, and is 4,800 mL

d)

Total lung capacity, and is 6,000 mL

21.

Which term describes the additional amount of air you would take IN after a tidal volume amount of air, in order to blow out your birthday candles?

a)

Residual volume, and is 1,200 mL of air

b)

Inspiratory reserve volume, and is 3,100 mL of air

c)

Inspiratory reserve volume, and is about 4,800 mL of air

d)

Vital capacity volume, and is about 3,100 mL of air

22.
Identify
a)
Left atrium
b)
Right atrium
c)
Left ventricle
d)
Right ventricle
23.
Identify
a)
Pulmonary veins
b)
Pulmonary artery
c)
Aorta
d)
Vena cava
24.
Identify
a)
Left atrium
b)
Right atrium
c)
Left ventricle
d)
Right ventricle
25.
Identify
a)
Left atrium
b)
Right atrium
c)
Left ventricle
d)
Right ventricle
26.
Identify
a)
Left atrium
b)
Right atrium
c)
Left ventricle
d)
Right ventricle
27.

The mammalian heart has ___ chambers.

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

28.
This chamber of the heart RECEIVES blood returning from the body
a)
Right Atrium
b)
Right Ventricle
c)
Left Atrium
d)
Left Ventricle
29.
What is pulmonary circulation?
a)
Blood travelling to and from the lungs
b)
Blood travelling to and from the body
c)
A blood clot in the lungs
d)
The vessel that brings blood to the lungs
30.
Blood circulation from the heart to the rest of the body is called
a)
Full body
b)
Systemic
c)
pulmonary
d)
heart to lung
31.
Which is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
a)
deliver O2 and nutrients to cells
b)
remove CO2 and wastes from cells
c)
break down carbohydrates into glucose
d)
transport other materials through body
32.
Structure(s) that keep the blood flowing in one direction.
a)
Valve(s)
b)
Septum(s)
c)
Neuron(s)
d)
Bronchiole(s)
33.

These cells play a vital role in defending the body against infection

a)

Leucocytes

b)

Erythrocytes

c)

Blastocytes

d)

Plasmacytes

34.

_______ function in the life-saving process of clotting blood.

a)

Phagocytes

b)

Leucocytes

c)

Erythrocytes

d)

Platelets

35.

True or false:

Arteries always carry blood away from the heart.

a)

True

b)

False

36.

True or false:

Arteries always carry oxygenated blood.

a)

True

b)

False

37.

The blood in the vena cava is...

a)

oxygenated, returning to the heart

b)

deoxygenated, returning to the heart

c)

oxygenated, leaving the heart

d)

deoxygenated, leaving the heart

38.

The contraction/emptying phase of the cardiac cycle?

a)

Systole

b)

Diastole

39.

The relaxing/filling stage of the cardiac cycle?

a)

Systole

b)

Diastole

40.

Coronary arteries...

a)

supply the heart muscle cells with a supply of blood.

b)

supply the brain cells with a supply of blood.

c)

contain deoxygenated blood.

d)

when clogged, cause a stroke.

41.

The type of blood vessel where exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes occurs?

a)

arteries

b)

capillaries

c)

veins

42.

An abnormal widening/ballooning of a portion of an artery.

a)

aneurysm

b)

embolism

c)

thrombosis

d)

atherosclerosis

43.

Instrument used to measure blood pressure?

a)

AED

b)

ECG

c)

Sphygmomanometer

d)

ultrasound

44.

Name part I.

a)

pericardium

b)

mediastinum

c)

septum

d)

unknownum

45.

Name part B.

a)

Pulmonary arteries

b)

Pulmonary veins

c)

Superior Vena cava

d)

Aorta

46.
These blood cells are the protectors and help fight off disease.
a)
Red blood cells
b)
White blood cells
c)
Plasma
d)
Platelets 
47.
_______ is made mostly of water and makes up about 55% of the blood
a)
Plasma
b)
Platelets 
c)
Red blood cells
d)
White blood cells
48.
What part of blood is responsible for carrying wastes, nutrients, and minerals?
a)
Red Blood Cells
b)
White Blood Cells
c)
Platelets
d)
Plasma
49.
What is the main purpose of the immune system?
a)
support the body through bones and muscles
b)
get rid of waste from the body
c)
protect the body from pathogens
d)
move blood through the body
50.
What do antibodies attach to on the pathogen?
a)
Anti inflammatory
b)
Antigens
c)
Antiseptic
d)
Antibodies
51.
Which one is a way the body defends against a pathogen?
a)
Fever
b)
Stomach Acid digesting
c)
White Blood Cells fighing
d)
All of these are correct
52.
The ______________ system returns interstitial fluid to the blood stream.
a)
ureters
b)
spleen
c)
thymus
d)
lymph vessels
53.
Y shaped proteins that may mark pathogens for destruction are
a)
antigens
b)
T cells
c)
antibodies
d)
neutrophils
54.
After an initial infection, B-cells recognize the measles virus. How is this helpful in human immune response? 
a)
The B-cells use this recognition to defend the body against other pathogens, such as bacteria.
b)
 The B-cells more quickly recognize and respond to any other virus that invades the body.
c)
The B-cells produce antibodies more quickly if the measles virus is encountered again.
d)
The B-cells transfer this recognition to T-cells, which will then devour the viruses.
55.
The body's first line of defense against pathogens is
a)
barriers.
b)
inflammatory response.
c)
immune system.
d)
lymphatic system.
56.

A condition in which a person's immune system is overly sensitive to environmental substances that are normally harmless.

a)

Allergy

b)

Antigen

c)

Bacteria

d)

Virus

57.

Which best describes the relationship between antibodies and antigen?

a)

One antibody can affect several different antigens.

b)

Antibodies are specific to one antigen.

c)

Antigens are produced in response to antigen.

d)

Immunity develops when an antigen destroys an antibody.

58.
Tube that carries swallowed food to the stomach
a)
esophagus
b)
liver
c)
pancreas
d)
rectum
59.
Breaking food down with the use of enzymes is known as:
a)
Chemical Digestion
b)
Physical Digestion
60.
The red organ is
a)
stomach
b)
small intestine
c)
large intestine
d)
liver
61.
The highlighted organ is the
a)
liver
b)
large intestine
c)
small intestine
d)
stomach
62.
Peristalsis refers to
a)
one of the digestive organs
b)
the action of the stomach
c)
heart rate increasing
d)
smooth muscles moving food through the digestive system
63.
Chewing food is an example of _____________.
a)
chemical digestion
b)
mechanical digestion
64.
Saliva contains this enzyme to start the digestive process.
a)
spit
b)
amylase
c)
hydrochloric acid
d)
sodium bicarbonate
65.
Amylase breaks down simple ________.
a)
fats
b)
proteins
c)
amino acids
d)
starches/carbs
66.
The main purpose of the large intestine.
a)
absorb hormones
b)
absorb protein
c)
absorb nutrients
d)
absorb water
67.
The organ that stores bile.
a)
gall bladder
b)
stomach
c)
liver
d)
appendix
68.
Bile is made by which digestive organ?
a)
Gallbladder
b)
Stomach
c)
Rectum
d)
Liver
69.
Which enzyme below is involved in the following chemical digestion process?
FATS---->FATTY ACIDS/GLYCEROL
a)
Lipase
b)
Trypsin
c)
Amylase
d)
Pepsin
70.
Where in the body would HCl be found?
a)
Mouth
b)
Esophagus
c)
Liver
d)
Stomach
71.
What is the function of an enzyme?
a)
enzymes break themselves into small pieces
b)
enzymes slow down chemical reactions
c)
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
d)
enzymes combine products to form reactants 
72.
Protein digestion begins in the
a)
mouth
b)
esophagus
c)
stomach
d)
liver
73.
Pepsin is an enzyme that acts on
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
74.
Digestion is COMPLETED in the
a)
stomach
b)
liver
c)
small intestine
d)
large intestine
75.
Which enzyme below is involved in the following chemical digestion process?
STARCH---->MALTOSE
a)
Lipase
b)
Salivary amylase
c)
Pepsin
d)
Trypsin
76.

Which reagent would test for the presence of enzymes (proteins)?

a)

Benedict's solution

b)

iodine solution

c)

Biuret solution

d)

ethanol

77.
What is the main function of the excretory system?
a)
to collect and remove wastes from the body
b)
to strengthen skeletal muscles
c)
to protect the nervous system
d)
to bring oxygen to body cells
78.
Which organ of the excretory system stores urine until the body is ready to eliminate it?
a)
ureters
b)
urethra
c)
urinary bladder
d)
urea
79.
Under normal conditions, which of the following substances is found in urine?
a)
blood cells
b)
protein
c)
glucose
d)
urea
80.
Which excretory organ eliminates water and some chemical wastes in perspiration?
a)
lungs
b)
skin
c)
liver
d)
kidneys
81.
Using the picture, what is the structure of A?
a)
ureter
b)
kidney
c)
urinary bladder
d)
urethra
82.
Using the picture, what is the function of structure A?
a)
Carries urine away from the kidneys
b)
Stores urine
c)
Eliminates urea, excess water, and some other materials
d)
Carries urine away from body and eliminates it
83.
Using the picture, what is the function of structure D?
a)
Carries urine away from the kidneys
b)
Stores urine
c)
Eliminates urea, excess water, and some other materials
d)
Carries urine away from body and eliminates it
84.
Use the diagram, what is structure B?
a)
urethra
b)
kidney
c)
ureter
d)
urinary bladder
85.
Blood flows into the kidney along the:
a)
Renal Venule
b)
Renal Artery
c)
Glomerulus
d)
Hepatic Artery
86.
The part of the nephron that primarily reabsorbs Na+ ions is:
a)
Ascending Loop of Henle 
b)
Descending Loop of Henle
c)
Bowman's Capsule
d)
Vasa Recta
87.
Glucose reabsorption occurs in the
a)
Proximal Tubule
b)
Distal Tubule
c)
Loop of Henle
d)
Glomerulus
88.
Water and Salt re-absorption into the circulatory system is mostly done by:
a)
Proximal Tubule
b)
Distal Tubule
c)
Loop of Henle
d)
Glomerulus
89.
The high pressure capillary network that pushes fluid out of the bloodstream is the:
a)
Proximal Tubule
b)
Distal Tubule
c)
Loop of Henle
d)
Glomerulus
90.
What is mean by homeostasis?
a)
Controls and coordinates body activities through chemical 
b)
controls and coordinates body activities through electrical impulses
c)
For maintenance of a steady state in the internal environment
d)
remove metabolic waste products from the cel
91.

What is number 2?

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Bowman's Capsule

c)

Henle's Loop

d)

Proximal Tubule

92.

Which kidney function is described:

H+ and HCO3- ions are selectively excreted or reabsorbed in order to maintain blood pH.

a)

removal of metabolic waste

b)

pH balance

c)

hormone secretion

d)

osmoregulation

93.

This is the outer portion of the kidney - the tissue has low solute concentration

a)

renal cortex

b)

renal artery

c)

renal pelvis

d)

renal medulla

94.

This is the hollow area of the kidney - it collects urine to deliver to the ureter

a)

renal cortex

b)

renal artery

c)

renal pelvis

d)

renal medulla

95.
When muscles contract, the length of the muscle
a)
lengthens
b)
extends
c)
shortens
d)
stretches
96.
From which system does the body get the message to move?
a)
Circulatory System
b)
Skeletal System
c)
Muscular System
d)
Nervous System
97.
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
a)
Thigh, Calf, & Shoulder
b)
Traps, Forearm, & Abs
c)
Hamstring, Biceps, & Triceps
d)
Smooth Muscle, Cardiac Muscle, & Skeletal Muscle
98.
Which muscle type is found in your stomach, bladder, and intestines?
a)
Skeletal
b)
Smooth
c)
Cardiac
d)
Straight
99.
Which type of muscle is found in your heart?
a)
Skeletal
b)
Smooth
c)
Cardiac
d)
Straight
100.
Which muscles are involuntary?
a)
skeletal
b)
cardiac
c)
smooth
d)
smooth and cardiac
101.
Muscles always work in _____
a)
pairs
b)
groups of 3
c)
bones
d)
joints
102.
Which of the following describes the sarcomere? 
a)
The basic unit of muscle’s cross-striated myofibril
b)
. A protein band which defines the boundary between one sarcomere 
c)
 Various muscle proteins 
d)
Contains the protein, actin
103.
How do pairs of skeletal muscles work together?
a)
while one contracts, the other returns to original length
b)
both muscles contract at the same time
c)
both muscles relax at the same time
d)
1 muscle pulls on the bone and the other pulls on the first muscle
104.

Thick filaments are in a myofibril are

a)

ATPase

b)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

c)

Actin

d)

Myosin

105.

Thin filaments in a myofibril are

a)

Sarcomeres

b)

Sarcoplasm

c)

Actin

d)

Myosin

106.

Calcium:

a)

causes ATP binding to actin

b)

increases the action potential along the sarcolemma

c)

binds to proteins on myosin

d)

triggers the binding of myosin to actin

107.

What is a crossbridge?

a)

Where myosin binds to actin

b)

Where the calcium crosses into the cytoplasm

c)

Where calcium binds with troponin

d)

None of the answers are correct.

108.

The energy needed to perform a muscle contraction comes directly from

a)

ATP

b)

Oxygen

c)

Glucose

d)

Calcium

109.

What is the structure that stores the Calcium in the muscle cell.

a)

Sarcoplasm

b)

Sarcolemma

c)

Myoglobin

d)

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

110.

Place the following events in sequence:

A) Your arm moves

B) An impulse travels along a nerve

C) You decide you want to move your arm.

a)

A B C

b)

C B A

c)

C A B

d)

A C B

111.

Which filament slides inward during muscle contraction

a)

Actin

b)

Myosin

112.
What are the characteristics of fast twitch muscle fibres?
a)
Explosive activities, fatigue slowly
b)
Endurance activities, fatigue slowly
c)
Explosive activities, fatigue quickly
d)
Endurance activities, fatigue quickly
113.
Which one of the following is a key characteristic of slow twitch muscle fibers? 
a)
They contain large amounts of Mitochondria
b)
They are fast to fatigue
c)
They are recruited last
d)
They contain low numbers of Mitochondria
114.
Muscle fatigue sets in due to the non-availability of 
a)
calcium
b)
ATP
c)
actin binding sites
d)
sodium

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