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WorksheetsBACTE PRELIM week 3-4
Total questions: 71
Worksheet time: 36mins
they are prokaryotic cells that infect eukaryotic hosts
(a)
It inhibits bacterial growths without harming eukaryotic host cells
(a)
Prokaryote
1.4-2 / 0.5-5 um in diameter
10-100 / >10 um in length
no nuclear membrane; Nucleoid region of the cytosol
classic membrane bound nucleus
Eukaryote
0.4-2 um / 0.5-5 um in diameter
10-100 um / >10 um in length
no nuclear membrane; nucleoid region of the cytosol
classic membrane bound nucleus
Storage deposits and may consist of polysaccharides such as glycogen, lipids sych as poly- beta hydroxybutyrate or polyphosphates
(a)
It is a value that is not additive due to loss of surface area when the two subunits combine
(a)
Small dormant (inactive), asexual spores that develop inside the bacterial cell (actives vegetative cell) as a means of survival
(a)
Highly resistant to chemical agents, temperature change, starvation, dehydration, ultraviolet and gamma radiation, and desiccation
Thick protein coat
Active vegetative cell
bacillus & clostridium
These spores are produced by active bacterial cells as a form of back up if conditions are unfavorable
(a)
They are active capable of growing and dividing
thick protein coat
Active vegetative cell
bacillus & clostridium
It produces endospores in response to harsh environmental conditions
thick protein coat
Active vegetative cell
bacillus & clostridium
This is found at the tip of the bacteria cell
(a)
it is found near the end or the tip of the bacteria cell
(a)
It is found at the center
(a)
central spore
bacillus anthracis
clostridium botuinum
clostridium tetani
Subterminal spore
clostridium botulinum
bacillus anthracis
clostridium tetani
Terminal spore
clostridium tetani
clostridium botunilum
bacillus anthracis
What is the most used endospore stain/
(a)
Terminal spore of (a) , the etiologic (causative) agent to tetanus, gives the organism a characteristic tennis racquet shapes or lollipop shaped appearance.
This is made up of phospholipids and proteins/lipoproteins (surrounds cytoplasm) but does not contain sterols, in contrast to eukaryotic PMs
(a)
A rigid structure that maintains the shape of the cell
(a)
What are the 2 major cell walls
(a)
What is the color of gram positive cell wall?
(a)
What is the color of gram negative cell wall?
(a)
Mycobacteria have a modified cell wall called (a) bit wuth waxy layers of lipids
Is mycobacteria a gram negative or gram positive?
gram negative
gram positive
Mycoplasmas have _____
cell walls
no cell walls
It prevents bursting of a cell for the high osmotic pressure inside it. It also serves as a point of anchorage for flagella and It determines the staining characteristics of species.
(a)
A structure used for motion or loco movement
(a)
Antibiotics are effective against___
gram positive
gram negative
___ are less affected by these kinds of antibiotics
gram negative
gram positive
it consist of glycan chains alternating Nacetyl d glycosamine 9NAG) and N acetyl d muramic acid (NAM)
gram positive
gram negative
Anchored to the peptidoglycan and contribute to the charge of the cell wall
Negatively charged teichoic acid
lipoteichoic acid
Anchored to the membrane
Negatively charged teichoic acid
Lipotechoic acid
It is composed of inner peptidoglycan layer as much thinner than in gram positive cell wall
gram negative
gram positive
Add in the permeability of the cell wall, allowing water soluble molecules to enter the bacterial cell
(a)
specific polysaccharide
antigenic O
Core polysaccharide
Inner lipid A
producing fever and shock conditions to patients
antigenic O
core polysaccharide
inner lipid A
It acts as a barrier to hydrophobic compounds and harmful substances. It also acts as a sieve, allowing water soluble molecule to enter through protein line channels and provides attachment sites that enhance attachment to host
Outer membrane
Inner membrane
periplasmic spac e
Within this is a gel like matric containing nutrient binding protein and degradative detoxifying enzyme which is involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. it contains proteins and enzymes needed for bacterial survival
outer membrane
inner membrane
periplasmic space
They are best stain with an acid fast stain
(a)
Acid fast microbes appears
red
blue
acid fast bacteria appears
red
blue
It contains sterol sin their membrane and seen in various shapes microscopically. bacteria can lose their cell walls and grow as L-forms in media supplemented with serum or sugar to prevent osmotic rupture of the cell membrane
(a)
it is derived from gram positive bacteria and totally lacking cell walls and produced artificially by lysosome and hypertonic medium. It required hypertonic conditions for maintenance.
protoplasts
spheroplast
L-forms
Derived form gram negative bacteria and produced by growth in penicillin must be maintained in hypertonic medium
protplast
spheroplast
L-forms
Cell wall deficient forms a bacteria usually produced in the laboratory. sometimes spontaneously formed in the body of patients treated with penicillin; more stable than protoplast or spheroplast, they can replicate in ordinary media
Protoplast
spheroplast
L-form
they act as virulence factors in helping the pathogen ecade phagocytosis
capsule
slime layer
flagella
It does not ordinarily stain with use of common laboratory stains such as gram or india ink. It appears as a clear area ("halo-like") between or surrounding the stained organism
(a)
they are made our of polysaccharides and serves either to inhibit phagocytosis or in some cases, to aid in adherence to host tissue or synthetic implants
(a)
it is also known as cojugation pili wherein they are nonmotile, long, hollow protein tubes that conects tw bacterial cells and mediate DNA exchange.
(a)
It is a non flagellar, sticky, proteinaceous, hair-like appendages that adhere some bacterial cells to one another and to environmental surfaces
(a)
it has common pili
(a)
it may occur singly, in pairs, in chains or in clusters
cocci (speherical)
bacilli
The ends may be square or rounded and may occur as single rods or in chains or may align themselves side by side
cocci
bacilli
Grows best at cold temperature
psychrophiles
mesophiles
thermophiles
capnophilic organisms
Bacteria that grow optimally at moderate temperatures (optimal growth at 20 to 40C)
psychrophiles
mesophiles
thermophiles
capnophilic organisms
Bacteria that grow best at high temperatures (optimal growth at 50-60C)
psychrophiles
mesophiles
thermophiles
capnophilic organisms
it requires an atmosphere enriched with extra optimally at moderate temperatures
psychrophiles
mesophiles
thermopiles
capnophilic organisms
It requires a reduced level of oxygen to grow
(a)
During which bacteria are preparing to divide
lag phase
log phase
stationary phase
death phase
During which bacterial number increase logarithmically
lag phase
log phase
stationary phase
death phase
nutrients are becoming limited and the numbers of bacteria remain constant
lag phase
log phase
stationary phase
death phase
Number of nonviable bacterial cells exceeds the number of viable cells
log phase
lag phase
stationary phase
death phase
It used to estimate the number of bacteria present in a specimen/ does not distinguish between live and dead cells
direct counting under the microscope
direct plate count
density measurement
by growing dilutions of broth cultures on agar plates, number is colony forming units per milliliter, count viable cells only. It is used in determining bacterial cell count in urine cultures
Direct counting under microscope
direct plate count
density measurement
the density of bacterial growth culture in log phase can be correlated to CFU/mL of the culture. It is used to prepare standard inoculum for antimicrobial susceptibility testing
direct counting under the microscope
direct plate conut
density measurement
Anaerobic process carried out by obligate, facultative, and aerotolerant anaerobes
Fermentation
Aerobic respiration
An efficient energy generating process or molecular oxygen (O2) is the final electron acceptor
Fermentation
Aerobic respiration
the ability of microorganism to use various sugars for growth is an integral part of many diagnostic identification
(a)
The ability to ferment lactose is an important step in classifying members of the family enterobacteriaceae
(a)
