Worksheetsunit 7 review APES
Total questions: 58
Worksheet time: 2hrs 32mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
CFCs are used in:
a)
Refrigerators
b)
Food Products
c)
Fire Extinguishers
d)
both Refrigerators and Fire Extinguishers
2.
The Ozone Layer is beneficial in which part of the atmosphere?
a)
Troposphere
b)
Stratosphere
c)
Mesosphere
d)
Thermosphere
3.
Ozone is safe to breathe. True or False!
a)
True
b)
False
4.
The ozone protects us from:
a)
pollution
b)
meteors
c)
Ultraviolet Rays
d)
all of the abover
5.
Which of the following is the most common ozone destroying pollutants?
a)
Chloroflurocarbons
b)
particular matter
c)
Nitrogen dioxide
d)
carbon monoxide
6.
An example of several minerals that are formed in long, thin fibers
a)
Smog
b)
Asbestos
c)
Radon
d)
VOCs
7.
Radon gas is most harmful to which part of the body?
a)
Eyes
b)
Lungs
c)
Heart
d)
Kidneys
8.
The pattern of air during thermal inversion is
a)
warm- cold- warm
b)
cold- warm- cold
c)
there is no pattern, it is only cold
9.
Smog is formed when nitrogen oxide mixes with...
a)
Water
b)
Sunlight
c)
Coal
d)
Other gases
10.
Dust and ash are examples of
a)
Gases
b)
PPM
c)
Particulates
11.
What are the two types of acids that are in acid rain?
a)
Iron
b)
sulfuric
c)
nitric
d)
sulfur
12.
Which of these is a MAJOR cause of acid rain?
a)
spraying pesticides on crops
b)
burning fossil fuels for energy
c)
dumping sewage in river systems
d)
using uranium to generate electricity
13.
How is acid rain formed?
a)
Carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide mix with water in the ocean.
b)
Carbon dioxide and oxygen mix with water in the air.
c)
Sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide mix with lake water.
d)
Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide mix with water in the air.
14.
Found in old plumbing pipes and ceramic glazes
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Lead
d)
Formaldehyde
15.
Composed of fibers known to cause lung disease
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Lead
d)
Formaldehyde
16.
Emitted from most manufactured building materials and furniture
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Lead
d)
Formaldehyde
17.
Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?
a)
New York City, NY
b)
Los Angeles, California
c)
Portland, Oregon
d)
Atlanta, Georgia
18.
The majority of atmospheric mercury is produced by:
a)
Municipal Waste Incinerators
b)
Coal burning power plants
c)
Medical waste
d)
Runoff from thermometer factories
19.
What three components have to be present to create photochemical smog?
a)
VOCS, PANS, Carbon Dioxide
b)
VOCS, Ozone, Nitrogen Monoxide
c)
Nitrogen Dioxide, Sunlight, and VOCS
d)
Sulfur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Ozone
20.
Can be used to raise the pH of water, soil, and used in scrubbers
a)
H2SO4
b)
HNO3
c)
CaCO3
d)
CFC's
21.
Banned by the Montreal Protocol
a)
Ozone
b)
CFC
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Nitrous Oxide
22.
Which of the following is NOT a carcinogen?
a)
Arsenic
b)
Radon
c)
Asbestos
d)
Carbon Monoxide
23.
Which best describes leaching
a)
water flows through soil, landfills, or other areas dissolving materials and carrying it with the water to lower levels
b)
Acid rain is formed when water flows through a coal mine
c)
The use of drip irrigation
d)
A friend constantly borrows money but never pays it back
24.
What are the pollutants known to cause acid rain?
a)
nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide (sulfur compounds)
b)
Low pH and Acid
c)
Lemon Juice and Battery Acid
d)
Particulate Matter and Carbon Dioxide
25.
Smog or ground ozone forms in the troposphere. Which pollutants are most responsible for smog or ground ozone?
a)
sulfur and particulate matter
b)
volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides
c)
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide
d)
none of these answers are correct
26.
CFC's cause harm to our
a)
Troposphere
b)
Inversion Layer
c)
Ozone Layer
d)
Carbon Dioxide
27.
What is a secondary pollutant?
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
28.
Acid deposition forms as a result of
a)
nitrogen oxides and photochemical smog
b)
carbon monoxide and VOC's
c)
sulfur dioxide and VOC's
d)
nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxides
29.
The effects of acid deposition include
a)
increased cancer rates in aquatic organisms
b)
increased pH of lake water
c)
decreased mobilization of metals
d)
decreased aquatic biodiversity
30.
Which method is used to reduce the nitrogen oxide emissions
a)
installation of catalytic converters
b)
increased temperature of combustion
c)
the use of calcium carbonate to absorb the emissions
d)
the use of fluidized bed combustion
31.
Which is NOT used to prevent the emission of particulate matter?
a)
gravitational settling
b)
fabric filters
c)
electrostatic precipitators
d)
catalytic converters
32.
What can you predict about indoor air pollution in India and Sub-Saharan Africa?
a)
Homes have more efficient insulation and increased ventilation decreasing indoor air pollution
b)
Use of biomass fuel sources such as wood and charcoal for cooking increases indoor air pollution
c)
Industrial power plants burning fossil fuels for electrical energy generation decreases indoor air pollution
d)
Use of chemical pesticides on croplands increases indoor air pollution
33.
A metallic element that can cause brain damage
a)
Lead
b)
Particulate matter
c)
Ground-level ozone
d)
Nitrogen oxides
34.
Soils with ____________ are buffered from the effects of acid rain.
a)
limestone
b)
granite
c)
SOx
d)
rocks
35.
Scientists have discovered that Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from trees can contribute to photochemical smog formation. Data in the table above were collected in 2006 and 2014 in Berlin, Germany. Isoprene is a VOC released by some tree species. Impact factor refers to the percentage of ozone attributed to the isoprene.
Question
Which of the following best describes the relationship between variables in the data table?
a)
Impact factor causes a change in temperature maximum.
b)
Ozone maximum is correlated to average and maximum temperature.
c)
Changes in average temperature are linked to changes in land use in Berlin.
d)
Isoprene levels vary depending on traffic and urbanization.
36.
Scientists have discovered that Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emitted from trees can contribute to photochemical smog formation. Data in the table above were collected in 2006 and 2014 in Berlin, Germany. Isoprene is a VOC released by some tree species. Impact factor refers to the percentage of ozone attributed to the isoprene.
Question
Which of the following claims is best supported by the data shown in the table?
a)
Ozone levels are not a serious air quality concern in Berlin.
b)
Ozone levels in Berlin were consistently higher in 2014 than in 2006.
c)
Isoprene’s contribution to ozone levels in Berlin was greatest in July of both years.
d)
Isoprene levels were negatively correlated with maximum temperature.
37.
Which of the following best describes the process shown in the diagram above?
a)
Less-dense, cool air rises up and mixes with the denser warm air above it, increasing the amount of thermal pollution in the atmosphere.
b)
Less-dense, warm air creates a temperature inversion between more-dense layers, trapping pollutants near the ground.
c)
Dense, warm air from the mountains on the right pushes into the less-dense, cool air mass, causing an inversion layer.
d)
Movement of air currents over urban areas decreases the amount of photochemical smog during summer months.
38.
In addition to a nearby mountain range, which of the following environmental conditions would be required for the process in the diagram to occur?
a)
A cool sea breeze and a high pressure system
b)
A warm mountain breeze and a low pressure system
c)
A cool sea breeze and a low pressure system
d)
A cool mountain breeze and a high pressure system
39.
Which of the following is the most likely reason for the trend shown in the graph of fluctuating indoor radon levels over the course of a year?
a)
Home windows are often closed during summer months, causing the levels of radon in the house to build up.
b)
Barometric pressure changes from summer storms can cause radon levels to increase.
c)
Radon levels tend to increase in the colder months because of the difference in temperature inside and outside the home, which creates a vacuum pulling radon into the home at a higher rate.
d)
Increased levels of radon are linked to burning biomass indoors, which increases in winter months when more biomass is burned for cooking and heating.
40.
Which of the following is most likely responsible for the indoor air pollutant shown in the graph?
a)
Cracks in the basement foundation
b)
Synthetic fiber in carpets and furniture
c)
Leaking water
d)
Pet hair
41.
Which of the following best describes the efficiency of dry scrubbers at removing particles that are less than 2 micrometers in diameter?
a)
Dry scrubbers are less than 20% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm and increase to over 50% efficiency at removing particles between 1 and 2μm.
b)
Dry scrubbers are between 50% and 90% efficient at removing particles less than 2μm, depending on the flow rate.
c)
Dry scrubbers are between 5% and 40% efficient at removing particles less than 2μm in size.
d)
Dry scrubbers are less than 10% efficient at removing particles less than 1μm in size.
42.
Based on the data in the graph, which of the following methods would be most effective at removing the greatest amount of particulate matter from coal-burning power plant emissions?
a)
Dry scrubbers using a flow rate of 200 liters per minute are best suited to remove small particles.
b)
Dry scrubbers using a flow rate of 450 liters per minute are best suited to remove large particles.
c)
Wet scrubbers using a flow rate of 300 liters per minute are best suited to remove small particles.
d)
Wet scrubbers using a flow rate of 450 liters per min are best suited to remove large particles.
43.
Effects of Noise on Wildlife
Sound, just like the availability of nesting materials or food sources, plays an important role in the ecosystem. Activities such as finding desirable habitat and mates, avoiding predators, protecting young, and establishing territories are all dependent on the acoustical environment. [Wildlife is] being forced to adapt to increasing noise levels. Research shows that males of at least one frog species are adapting to traffic noise by calling at a higher pitch. This could be problematic for the females, because they prefer lower-pitched calls, which indicate larger and more experienced males.
In general, studies indicate that animals are stressed by noisy environments. The endangered Sonoran pronghorn avoids noisy areas frequented by military jets; female frogs exposed to traffic noise have more difficulty locating the male's signal; bats avoid hunting in areas with road noise. Combined with other stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages, sound impacts can have important implications for the health and vitality of wildlife populations within a park.
National parks are under increasing noise pressure. Noise levels in park transportation corridors today are many times the natural level. Sound levels during peak periods in a high air traffic corridor in the Yellowstone backcountry, for example, were elevated by up to 5 decibels. The result is as much as a 70% reduction in the size of an area in which predators can hear their prey. Increasingly, careful consideration of the impacts of human-generated noise on wildlife is a critical component of management for healthy ecosystems in our parks.
Question
Which of the following claims is best supported by the evidence provided by the article?
a)
Frog populations may increase in size as a result of the changes in male vocalizations.
b)
Female frogs are beginning to prefer male frogs with higher pitched calls.
c)
More experienced male frogs are no longer preferred by female frogs.
d)
Frog populations may decrease in size as a result of males changing the pitch of their calls.
44.
Effects of Noise on Wildlife
Sound, just like the availability of nesting materials or food sources, plays an important role in the ecosystem. Activities such as finding desirable habitat and mates, avoiding predators, protecting young, and establishing territories are all dependent on the acoustical environment. [Wildlife is] being forced to adapt to increasing noise levels. Research shows that males of at least one frog species are adapting to traffic noise by calling at a higher pitch. This could be problematic for the females, because they prefer lower-pitched calls, which indicate larger and more experienced males.
In general, studies indicate that animals are stressed by noisy environments. The endangered Sonoran pronghorn avoids noisy areas frequented by military jets; female frogs exposed to traffic noise have more difficulty locating the male's signal; bats avoid hunting in areas with road noise. Combined with other stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages, sound impacts can have important implications for the health and vitality of wildlife populations within a park.
National parks are under increasing noise pressure. Noise levels in park transportation corridors today are many times the natural level. Sound levels during peak periods in a high air traffic corridor in the Yellowstone backcountry, for example, were elevated by up to 5 decibels. The result is as much as a 70% reduction in the size of an area in which predators can hear their prey. Increasingly, careful consideration of the impacts of human-generated noise on wildlife is a critical component of management for healthy ecosystems in our parks.
What is one potential impact of increased noise pollution in national parks that is supported by the article?
a)
Predator-prey interactions will intensify in national parks because of stress caused by noise pollution.
b)
Prey populations are likely to increase in national parks because predators have a decreased ability to hear prey sounds.
c)
Prey populations are likely to experience biomagnification of noise pollution.
d)
Predator species will expand their range beyond park boundaries because of increased noise pollution.
45.
Effects of Noise on Wildlife
Sound, just like the availability of nesting materials or food sources, plays an important role in the ecosystem. Activities such as finding desirable habitat and mates, avoiding predators, protecting young, and establishing territories are all dependent on the acoustical environment. [Wildlife is] being forced to adapt to increasing noise levels. Research shows that males of at least one frog species are adapting to traffic noise by calling at a higher pitch. This could be problematic for the females, because they prefer lower-pitched calls, which indicate larger and more experienced males.
In general, studies indicate that animals are stressed by noisy environments. The endangered Sonoran pronghorn avoids noisy areas frequented by military jets; female frogs exposed to traffic noise have more difficulty locating the male's signal; bats avoid hunting in areas with road noise. Combined with other stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages, sound impacts can have important implications for the health and vitality of wildlife populations within a park.
National parks are under increasing noise pressure. Noise levels in park transportation corridors today are many times the natural level. Sound levels during peak periods in a high air traffic corridor in the Yellowstone backcountry, for example, were elevated by up to 5 decibels. The result is as much as a 70% reduction in the size of an area in which predators can hear their prey. Increasingly, careful consideration of the impacts of human-generated noise on wildlife is a critical component of management for healthy ecosystems in our parks.
Based on the author’s claim in the article, which of the following statements best describes the effect of noise pollution on wildlife?
a)
Noise pollution is being managed in such a way as to not significantly interfere with wildlife in national parks.
b)
Noise in national parks has an overall positive effect on wildlife and has led to an increase in biodiversity.
c)
Stressors such as winter weather, disease, and food shortages are having a greater effect on wildlife than noise pollution.
d)
Noise pollution has a negative effect on wildlife activities such as mating, establishing territories, and predator-prey interactions.
46.
Air pollution from a power plant is being monitored for levels of nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone. The levels are measured daily at the same time. Which of the following best predicts the impact of a dark and cloudy day on the readings for the levels of air pollutants measured?
a)
There will be no change in the levels of nitrogen dioxide or ground-level ozone.
b)
There will be a decrease in the level of nitrogen dioxide and an increase in the level of ground-level ozone.
c)
There will be an increase in the levels of both nitrogen dioxide and ground-level ozone.
d)
There will be an increase in the level of nitrogen dioxide and a decrease in the level of ground-level ozone.
47.
Scientists are testing the effect of different scrubber technologies on the removal of pollutants from coal power plants. The scrubbers use a slurry of limestone and water.
Which of the following best describes the impact of modifying the slurry by increasing the amount of limestone?
a)
The amount of sulfur dioxide released will decrease.
b)
The amount of ground-level ozone released will decrease.
c)
The amount of water released will increase.
d)
The amount of carbon monoxide released will increase.
48.
Scientists want to examine the effects of a coal-burning power plant on the pH of a lake that is downwind of the power plant. They take samples from a lake that is not downwind of the power plant to serve as a control. However, they did not realize that the lake they chose as a control group was a geothermal hot spring with acidic water.
Which of the following best describes how their choice of control group could affect the results of their experiment?
a)
Using this control would not have an effect on the outcome because the high temperature of the hot spring reduces the acidity of the water in the lake.
b)
The coal-burning power plant would appear to have a much larger effect on the pH of the experimental group because the pH in the control lake would be elevated from the acidic water.
c)
The coal-burning power plant would not appear to have a large impact because the pH levels of the two lakes would be similar.
d)
The coal-burning power plant would affect both lakes because the Coriolis effect and weather patterns would circulate pollutants in the atmosphere.
49.
The graph shows the average distance traveled by individuals in a population in an urban area in the southwestern United States. Based on the data, which of the following months most likely experiences the highest levels of photochemical smog?
a)
July
b)
August
c)
November
d)
December
50.
Which of the following points on the graph best illustrates the location where pollutants are most likely to accumulate as a result of a thermal inversion?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
51.
An air pollution expert set up a monitoring program to determine the amount of particulate matter (PM) leaving a farmer’s field after crops were harvested and the soil was bare. She set up high-volume air samplers 10 meters from each edge of the square field and collected samples weekly for two months. When she looked at her data, she was surprised by how much the PM levels varied, both from site to site on a given date and over time at each site. Which of the following parameters would have been best to measure to help explain the variation in her results?
a)
Percent of cloudy days over the two months
b)
Particle size of the soils in the field
c)
Depth of the organic matter in the soil
d)
Wind direction and speed
52.
Which of the following devices is correctly paired to the air pollutant it would be used to measure?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
53.
Scientists have been collecting atmospheric CO2 data for many years to monitor changes over time. Which of the following best describes why an island location, such as the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii, is an ideal location to measure global CO2 concentrations?
a)
The island is also a dormant volcano, so there will be only anthropogenic atmospheric CO2 measured at the site.
b)
The location is below the inversion layer, making it less prone to local effects from industry and transportation.
c)
The location is far from any continent, providing atmospheric air samples that are less likely to be affected by industry and transportation.
d)
The impact of primary producers in the surrounding Pacific Ocean is negligible, reducing the effect of photosynthesis and respiration on CO2 levels.
54.
Based on the data in the graph, which of the following insulation options is ineffective at insulating a home and greatly contributes to indoor air pollution?
a)
Blown cellulose
b)
Mineral fiber batt
c)
Expanded polystyrene
d)
Rigid foam
55.
Which of the following is most responsible for the change in the emissions of volatile organic compounds ( VOC ) from 1970 to 2020 as shown in the graph?
a)
A decrease in the number of vehicles fitted with catalytic converters and an increase in the number of hybrid vehicles beginning in 1970.
b)
A decrease in the average driving distance in the United States from 1970 to 2020 that resulted from increased urbanization.
c)
An increase in air emission standards that began in 1970 that regulated corporate average fuel economy ( CAFE ) standards.
d)
An increase in VOC emissions from car exhausts that resulted from increased driving distances from 1970 to 2020.
56.
Atmospheric deposition is receiving increased attention in the scientific community, and has become the subject of a specific research area in the environmental sciences. Acid rain is detrimental to our ecosystems and can be measured in several ways.
Which of the following methods would best identify changes from acid deposition in an area over time?
a)
Calculating the change in sulfur dioxide emissions from coal-burning power plants over time
b)
Mapping out coal-burning power plant locations over the past 50 years
c)
Measuring the pH of rainwater and surface water in affected areas
d)
Monitoring the long-term chemical and biological parameters of an ecosystem
57.
A researcher wants to determine if ponds and lakes downwind of a coal-burning power plant are affected by the plant’s emissions. Which of the following would be the best parameter from the water in the ponds and lakes to measure in order to determine the effect of the plant’s emissions on the aquatic ecosystems?
a)
pH
b)
Biological oxygen demand (BOD)
c)
Carbon dioxide
d)
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
58.
Which of the following best describes how a scientist could accurately study the effects of soil buffering on plant growth in a region that is affected by acid deposition downwind of a coal-burning power plant?
a)
Measure changes in plant height over a year in a two different groups of trees; one group is 5km from the power plant and one group is 10km from the power plant.
b)
Measure the changes in plant height over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is in topsoil and one group is in topsoil with limestone added.
c)
Measure changes in plant biomass over a year in two different groups of trees the same distance from the power plant; one group is not manipulated and one group is watered daily to dilute the deposition's acidity.
d)
Measure changes in plant biomass over a year in two different groups of trees; one group is 5km from the power plant over limestone bedrock and one group is 10km from the power plant that has nitrogen and phosphorus added to the topsoil.
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