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Patho- Cardiovascular A&P pt 1 (exam 4)

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 48mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The pericardium is a double-walled sac that covers the heart. The fibrous pericardium is loose and superficial, serous membrane is deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of 2 layers. Which layer is the outside layer that lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium?

a)

parietal pericardium

b)

visceral pericardium

2.

The pericardium is a double-walled sac that covers the heart. The fibrous pericardium is loose and superficial, serous membrane is deep to the fibrous pericardium and composed of 2 layers. Which layer is next to the heart and is also known as the epicardium?

a)

parietal pericardium

b)

visceral pericardium

3.

Serous fluid fills the space between the layers of pericardium, called the _____________.

a)

pericardial cavity

b)

parietal pericardium

c)

visceral pericardium

d)

fibrous pericardium

4.

Which is the outside layer of the heart wall (visceral pericardium)?

a)

epicardium

b)

myocardium

c)

endocardium

5.

Which is the middle layer of the heart wall, made mostly of cardiac muscle?

a)

epicardium

b)

myocardium

c)

endocardium

6.

Which is the innermost part of the heart wall?

a)

epicardium

b)

myocardium

c)

endocardium

7.

Which are the receiving chambers of the heart?

a)

atria

b)

ventricles

8.

Which are the discharging chambers of the heart?

a)

atria

b)

ventricles

9.

When does blood enter the atria?

a)

low pressure

b)

high pressure

10.

Which chambers of the heart are the thick-walled pumps?

a)

atria

b)

ventricles

11.

During __________,blood is propelled into circulation from the ventricles.

a)

contraction

b)

relaxation

12.

What separates the two atria longitudinally?

a)

interatrial septum

b)

interventricular septum

13.

What separates the two ventricles longitudinally?

a)

interatrial septum

b)

interventricular septum

14.

What carry blood away from the heart?

a)

arteries

b)

veins

15.

What carry blood toward the heart?

a)

arteries

b)

veins

16.

The heart functions as a double pump. What does the right side function as?

a)

the pulmonary circuit pump

b)

the systemic circuit pump

17.

The heart functions as a double pump. What does the left side function as?

a)

the pulmonary circuit pump

b)

the systemic circuit pump

18.

Blood is pumped out of the right side of the heart through the ________________, which splits into pulmonary arteries and takes oxygen-poor blood to lungs.

a)

right atrium

b)

right ventricle

c)

pulmonary trunk

19.

Oxygen-rich blood returns to the heart from the lungs via pulmonary

a)

veins

b)

arteries

20.

Which chamber has thicker walls due to pumping blood to the body through the systemic circuit?

a)

left ventricle

b)

right ventricle

c)

left atria

d)

right atria

21.

Oxygen-poor blood returns to the ____________ via systemic veins, which empty blood into the superior or inferior vena cava.

a)

right atrium

b)

left atrium

c)

right ventricle

d)

left ventricle

22.

Oxygen-rich blood returned to the left side of the heart is pumped out into the _______.

a)

left atrium

b)

left ventricle

c)

aorta

23.

What is the purpose of heart valves?

a)

to keep the chambers separate

b)

to keep the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate

c)

to allow blood to flow in only one direction (prevents backflow)

24.

Which two valves are the atrioventricular valves? (between atria and ventricles)

a)

bicuspid (mitral) valve

b)

tricuspid valve

c)

pulmonary valve

d)

aortic valve

25.

Which two valves are the semilunar valves? (between ventricle and artery)

a)

bicuspid (mitral) valve

b)

tricuspid valve

c)

pulmonary valve

d)

aortic valve

26.

Which type of valve is open during heart relaxation, when blood passively fills the chambers?

a)

AV

b)

Semilunar

27.

Which type of valve is closed during ventricular contraction?

a)

AV

b)

semilunar

28.

Which type of valve is closed during heart relaxation?

a)

AV

b)

Semilunar

29.

Which type of valve is open during ventricular contraction?

a)

AV valves

b)

semilunar valves

30.

Valves open and close in response to pressure changes in the heart.

a)

true

b)

false

31.

Does the myocardium take nourishment from the blood being pumped through the heart chambers?

a)

yes

b)

no

32.

The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of ____________________ which branch from the aorta to supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood

a)

coronary arteries

b)

cardiac veins

c)

coronary sinus

33.

The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of ____________ which drain the myocardium of blood

a)

coronary arteries

b)

cardiac veins

c)

coronary sinus

34.

The heart has its own nourishing circulatory system consisting of __________ which is a large vein on the posterior of the heart; receives blood from cardiac veins

a)

coronary arteries

b)

cardiac veins

c)

coronary sinus

35.

Blood empties into the _________ via the coronary sinus

a)

right atrium

b)

left atrium

c)

right ventricle

d)

left ventricle

36.

Does cardiac muscle contract spontaneously and independently of nerve impulses?

a)

yes

b)

no

37.

How many times per minute do atrial cells beat?

a)

60

b)

20-40

c)

up to 100

38.

How many times per minute do ventricular cells beat?

a)

20-40

b)

60

c)

up to 100

39.

What two systems regulate heart activity?

a)

autonomic nervous system

b)

intrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

c)

extrinsic conduction system (nodal system)

40.

What does the intrinsic conduction system (nodal system) do?

a)

sets the heart rhythm

b)

composed of special nervous tissue

c)

ensures heart muscle depolarization in one direction only (atria to ventricles)

d)

enforces a heart rate of 75 BPM

e)

ensures heart muscle depolarization in one direction only (ventricles to atria)

41.

Where is the Sinoatrial (SA) node?

a)

right atrium

b)

left atrium

c)

right ventricle

d)

left ventricle

42.

What is the purpose of the Sinoatrial (SA) node?

a)

acts as the heart's pacemaker

b)

helps stimulate heart beat

43.

Where is the Atrioventricular (AV) node located?

a)

junction of the atria and ventricles

b)

right atrium

c)

left atrium

d)

right ventricle

e)

left ventricle

44.

Where can you find Purkinje fibers?

a)

within the ventricle wall muscles

b)

within the atrium wall muscles

45.

What are the components of the intrinsic conduction system?

a)

SA node

b)

AV node

c)

AV bundle (in the interventricular septum)

d)

Purkinje fibers

e)

AV valve

46.

Which node starts each heartbeat?

a)

AV

b)

SA

47.

Intrinsic conduction system of the heart- what is step one?

a)

the SA node starts each heartbeat

b)

impulse spreads through the atria to the AV node

c)

atria contract

d)

at the AV node, the impulse is delayed briefly

e)

impulse travels through the AV bundle, bundle branches

48.

Intrinsic conduction system of the heart- what is step two?

a)

impulse spreads through the atria to the AV node

b)

atria contract

c)

at the AV node, the impulse is delayed briefly

d)

impulse travels through the AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

e)

ventricles contract

49.

Intrinsic conduction system of the heart- what is step three?

a)

atria contract

b)

impulse delayed at AV node

c)

ventricles contract

d)

impulse travels through AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

50.

Intrinsic conduction system of the heart- what is step four?

a)

the impulse is delayed briefly at the AV node

b)

atria contract

c)

ventricles contract

d)

impulse travels through the AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

51.

Intrinsic conduction system of the heart- what is step five?

a)

Impulse travels through the AV bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers

b)

SA node starts each heartbeat

c)

atria contract

d)

ventricles contract

52.

Intrinsic conduction system of the heart- what is step six?

a)

ventricles contract ejecting blood from the heart

b)

atria contract

c)

the impulse is delayed at the AV node

53.

What happens when you have one full cardiac cycle?

a)

both atria and ventricles contract and relax

b)

both atria and ventricles contract

c)

both atria and ventricles relax

54.

systole

a)

contraction

b)

relaxation

55.

diastole

a)

contraction

b)

relaxation

56.

Rapid heart rate, over 100 BPM

a)

tachycardia

b)

bradycardia

57.

Slow heart rate, less than 60 BPM

a)

tachycardia

b)

bradycardia

58.

Drugs affecting heart rate are termed

a)

chronotropic

b)

inotropic

59.

Drugs affecting strength of contractions are termed

a)

chronotropic

b)

inotropic

60.

How would you define a heart arrhythmia?

a)

abnormal conduction AND rhythm disturbances

b)

just rhythm disturbances

61.

What happens during atrial diastole?

a)

heart is relaxed

b)

pressure in heart is low (ventricular filling)

c)

semilunar valves are closed

d)

atrial valves are closed

62.

What happens during atrial systole?

a)

ventricles remain in diastole

b)

atria contract

c)

blood is forced into the ventricles to complete ventricular filling

d)

ventricles contract, ejecting blood from the heart

63.

What happens during isovolumetric contraction?

a)

atrial systole ends, ventricular systole begins

b)

intraventricular pressure rises

c)

AV valve closes

d)

the ventricles are completely closed chambers

e)

the ventricles are completely open chambers

64.

What happens during ventricular systole (ejection phase)?

a)

ventricles contract

b)

intraventricular pressure now surpasses the pressure in the major arteries leaving the heart

c)

blood is ejected from the ventricles

d)

semilunar valves are open

e)

atria are relaxed and filling with blood

65.

What happens during isovolumetric relaxation?

a)

ventricular diastole begins

b)

pressure falls below that in the major arteries

c)

semilunar valves close

d)

the ventricles are completely closed for a moment

e)

when atrial pressure increases above intraventricular pressure, the AV valve opens

66.

Longer, louder heart sounds caused by the closing of the AV valves

a)

Lub

b)

Dup

67.

Short, sharp heart sound caused by the closing of the semilunar valves at the end of the ventricular systole

a)

Lub

b)

Dup

68.

rapid depolarization, increase in membrane permeability to Na+, reduction in K+ permeability

a)

Phase 0

b)

Phase 1

c)

Phase 2

d)

Phase 3

e)

Phase 4

69.

Repolarization, decline in Na+ permeability

a)

Phase 0

b)

Phase 1

c)

Phase 2

d)

Phase 3

e)

Phase 4

70.

Plateau, small membrane current due to flow of calcium and efflux of K+ ions

a)

Phase 0

b)

Phase 1

c)

Phase 2

d)

Phase 3

e)

Phase 4

71.

Repolarization, Ca2+ permeability declines, K+ permeability increases

a)

Phase 0

b)

Phase 1

c)

Phase 2

d)

Phase 3

e)

Phase 4

72.

System is ready for next action potential

a)

Phase 0

b)

Phase 1

c)

Phase 2

d)

Phase 3

e)

Phase 4

73.

After each action potential the pacemaker cell repolarizes to a value called

a)

diastolic potential

b)

systolic potential

74.

After repolarization, cells depolarize to a __________ level resulting is another action potential

a)

threshold

b)

high

c)

low

d)

moderate

75.

The rate of SA node pacemaker is controlled by the ANS. Which part decreases the rate of diastolic depolarization?

a)

parasympathetic

b)

sympathetic

76.

The rate of SA node pacemaker is controlled by the ANS. Which part increases the rate of diastolic depolarization?

a)

parasympathetic

b)

sympathetic

77.

What does P represent?

a)

atrial action potential

b)

ventricular action potential

c)

ventricular repolarization

78.

What does QRS represent?

a)

atrial action potential

b)

ventricular action potential

c)

ventricular repolarization

79.

What does T represent?

a)

atrial action potential

b)

ventricular action potential

c)

ventricular repolarization

80.

Where can you see resting heart muscle (no action potential)?

a)

P wave

b)

QRS

c)

T

d)

isoelectric line

81.

What is the amount of blood pumped by each side (ventricle) of the heart in 1 minute called?

a)

cardiac output (CO)

b)

stroke volume (SV)

c)

heart rate (HR)

82.

What is the volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in one contraction (each heartbeat) called?

a)

cardiac output (CO)

b)

stroke volume (SV)

c)

heart rate (HR)

83.

Approximately what volume of blood is pumped out of the left ventricle with each heartbeat?

a)

70mL

b)

60mL

c)

100mL

d)

140mL

84.

Cardiac output is the product of what?

a)

heart rate

b)

stroke volume

c)

atrial refill rate

85.

What is Starling's law of the heart?

a)

the more the cardiac muscle is stretched, the stronger the contraction

b)

the more the cardiac muscle is relaxed, the stronger the contraction

86.

What is the most important factor influencing the stretch of heart muscle?

a)

venous return

b)

arterial return

87.

What 3 factors modify basic heart rate?

a)

neural (ANS) controls

b)

hormones and ions

c)

physical factors

d)

medication

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