The way an organism looks and behaves. (Physical appearance) (a)  

The allele combination of an organism. (Genes) (a)  

Organism with two of the same allele for a given trait. (a)  

Organism with two different alleles for a given trait. (a)  

A cell containing both sets of chromosomes. (a)  

A cell containing only one of each type of chromosome. (a)  

A section of DNA that codes for a specific protein and therefore determines a trait. (a)  

A type of cell division that produces four cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. (a)  

Chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent (a)  

Structure containing 4 chromatids that form during meiosis. (a)  

Process in which chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. (a)  

Monomer (building block) of DNA, made of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base (A, T, C, G). (a)  

Principle that bonds in DNA can only form between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. (a)  

Copying process by which a cell duplicates its DNA. (a)  

Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions to make proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell. (a)  

Type of RNA that makes up the major part of a ribosome. (a)  

Type of RNA that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. (a)  

Process in which part of the sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of mRNA. (a)  

Process in which an mRNA message is decoded into a protein. (a)  

A change in the DNA of an organism. (a)  

A mutation that causes changes to an entire chromosome. (a)  

A gene mutation involving changes in one or a few nucleotides. (a)  

A mutation that shifts the codon reading frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide. (a)  

 The process by which humans choose parents with particular characteristics to breed together and produce offspring with more desirable characteristics. (a)