TRUE or FALSE...

Humans evolved from chimpanzees.

According to the Primate Cladogram above, the common ancestor of HUMANS and TARSIERS lived approximately ________ years ago.

TRUE or FALSE...

These organisms have similar bones that are arranged in a similar pattern because they share a common ancestor.

Select the BEST definition of biological evolution.

Who was the British naturalist that provided the basis of the scientific theory of evolution by means of natural selection?

TRUE or FALSE...

Mutations that occur within a population's gene pool will either be GOOD or BAD for the population's fitness.

The build-up of traits that are advantageous (good) in a given environment are called ________.

What is the ultimate source for most of the energy for life on Earth?

What is the energy transfer system used by all cells?

What are the three parts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Plants, algae, and some bacteria are able to convert the electromagnetic energy from photons in sunlight into chemical energy that can be stored for later use. What is this process called?

Which cell organelle is the site of photosynthesis in a plant cell?

What are the inputs/reactants of photosynthesis?

What are the outputs/products of photosynthesis?

Which of the following is the overall chemical equation for the photosynthesis reaction?

TRUE or FALSE...

Photosynthesis is ONE chemical reaction in which light energy, carbon dioxide and water are converted into glucose and oxygen.

Why are photosynthetic organisms, like plants, referred to as "producers"?

Which of the following is the basic chemical reaction of aerobic cellular respiration?

TRUE or FALSE...

Aerobic cellular respiration is ONE chemical reaction in which glucose and oxygen are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

In the first stage of cellular respiration, glucose is split into two molecules of pyruvate.

What is this process of splitting glucose called?

The inner mitochondrial membrane contains a special enzyme that uses the kinetic energy of diffusing hydrogen ions (H+) to attach an inorganic phosphate (P_i) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), thus synthesizing (making) adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What is the name of the enzyme that makes ATP this way?

In AEROBIC cellular respiration, what is the final electron acceptor that removes electrons from the Electron Transport Chain?

Which of the following is NOT one of the primary processes of the water cycle?

Which gas is a greenhouse gas that is part of the carbon cycle, is found in the atmosphere, is used to make glucose in photosynthesis, and is a byproduct of cellular respiration?

Which human activity has increased since the Industrial Revolution and has led to an increase in average global temperature and climate change by adding abnormally high amounts of carbon dioxide (CO₂) to the atmosphere?

Which element makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere?

TRUE or FALSE...

Organisms are not able to use the nitrogen found in the atmosphere, but they can use nitrogen that has been "fixed" into different forms, like ammonia (NH₃) or ammonium (NH₄⁺).

What type of organism is able to perform the process of nitrogen-fixation, or changing nitrogen gas (N₂) into ammonia (NH₃)?

What is primary way that phosphorus enters the soil?

The over-use of fertilizers on farms can be damaging to ecosystems because the extra fertilizer can get washed into streams and rivers with runoff. Once in the water, the fertilizers cause other organisms, such as algae, to "bloom", which means that the organisms grow rapidly, and then die. The decomposition of the dead organisms then uses up the oxygen in the water, which could lead to the suffocation of other aquatic organisms, like fish.

What nutrients are often put in these fertilizers?

What is a group of organisms of the same species that interact within an area?

What is all of the populations of different species of organisms within an area?

What is all of the biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (nonliving) parts of an area together?

What is all of the living organisms on Earth and the places they inhabit?

Imagine a population of bacteria (a unicellular organism) that reproduces by each cell dividing once per hour, so that the population doubles every hour. Above is a graph of the bacteria population after 10 hours.

What kind of growth is represented by the graph?

As a population reaches an ecosystem's carrying capacity, the rate of increase for that population levels off and the population tends to stay near carrying capacity for that population. Above is a graph of this situation.

What kind of growth is represented by this graph?

Above is a graph of the human population over the last 12,000 years.

What kind of growth is being displayed by the graph?

What is the area in which a population lives?

What is the variety of species that lives in an area?

What is the role an organism plays in an area and the unique physical environment it lives in?

What is a group of interacting populations that reaches a stable state.

What is a relationship in which two or more individuals or species compete for the same resource?

What is a relationship in which one species (a predator) hunts and eats another species (a prey)?

What is a relationship in which one species (a parasite) benefits at the expense of another species (a host)?

A relationship that directly benefits one species but does not affect the other species.

What is a relationship that directly benefits both species?

What is an organism that is able to convert light energy into chemical energy to produce biomass from inorganic sources?

What is an organism that must consume other living organisms in order to obtain energy?

What is an organism that obtains energy by breaking down dead organic matter?

What are organisms that only eat producers/autotrophs?

What are organisms that eat both producers and consumers?

What are organisms that only eat consumers?

What are organisms that only eat organic waste or dead organic matter?

The death of the last individual organism of an entire species is called ________.

How do we know that we are currently living in the Earth's 6th mass extinction event?

TRUE or FALSE...

When humans first started living in North America, about 16,000 years ago, they probably hunted the native mega fauna to extinction (like mastodons, giant ground sloths, and saber-tooth cats).

TRUE or FALSE...

The current rate of extinction of amphibian species is the same as historical amphibian extinction rates.

Which human activity causes the greatest loss in biodiversity?

According to the graph above, which phase of human history caused the largest growth in the human population?