folding is what kind of change

rotting is what kind of change

melting is what kind of change

cooking is what type of change

freezing is what type of change.

evaporating is what type of change

rusting is what type of change

evaporating is what type of change

cutting is what type of change

Phase Changes in Matter

Rapid vaporization of a liquid (liquid to gas)

Water that collects as droplets on a cold surface when humid air is in contact with it (gas to liquid).

Vaporization of a liquid that occurs from the surface of a liquid into a gaseous phase (liquid to gas).

Identify the two types of mixtures

You cannot see different parts of the mixture.

coffee, creamy peanut butter, Kool-Aid

You can see different parts of the mixture.

chicken noodle soup, cereal

The dissolving agent is the solvent.

salt water, sugar water

One substance of microscopically dispersed insoluble particles is suspended throughout another substance. Particles do not settle and cannot be separated out by ordinary filtering.

gels, emulsions

Contains solid particles that are sufficiently large for sedimentation

orange juice, salad dressing

pH Scale

Values less than 7

pH Scale

as the middle

pH Scale

Values above 7

Smallest part of an element that retains its chemical properties. More than 99.94% of an atom’s mass is in the nucleus.

Negatively charged subatomic particles that circle around the atom’s nucleus.

Positively charged subatomic particles that are located in the atom’s nucleus.

Atomic number is how an element is identified. It is also the number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms.

Molecules are the smallest particle in a chemical element or compound that has the chemical properties of that element or compound. Molecules are made up of atoms that are held together by chemical bon

Water is a polar molecule, which causes it to have properties that make it necessary for life on Earth.

Water is attracted to other molecules. When you put a drop of water close to another drop of water, they combine quickly because they are attracted to each other.

Water is attracted to other molecules. This allows water to stick to roots—capillary action in a plant.

This allows water to moderate temperature.

This gives off a cooling affect, like when humans sweat. That evaporation of water cools off the body.

Water is less dense than ice, causing ice to float in water.

This makes water a powerful solvent.

Compounds are composed of two or more elements bonded together. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

charged element or molecule that has lost or gained one or more electrons

two or more forms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

s any interaction that, when unopposed, will change the motion of an object. A force can cause an object with mass to change its velocity (including beginning motion from a state of rest).

the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements sliding against each other.

Force is equal to the change in motion (mV) per change in time. For a constant mass, force equals mass times acceleration (F = m x a)..

An object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a force.

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Equilibrium is a state in which opposing forces or influences are balanced.

Magnetism is caused by the motion of electric charges (National Geographic, n.d.).

Density is the amount of matter an object has to its volume. An object with a lot of matter in a certain volume has high density. An object with little matter in the same amount of volume has a low density.

Energy is a property that can be transferred in between and among objects. Energy can also be converted into different forms.

mechanical

objects in motion

electrical

moving through the wire

chemical

rearrangement of molecular structure

thermal

moving particles

The transfer of heat by the actual movement of the warmed matter. For example, in a convection oven, air is moved by a fan around the food.

The transfer of heat from electromagnetic waves through space. Sunlight is a form of radiation.

The transfer of heat from particle to particle. For example, if a cold spoon is placed in hot soup, the spoon will get hotter until the soup and the spoon become the same temperature.

The components are arranged end to end. The electric current flows through the first component, then through the next component, and so on until it reaches the battery again.

A circuit with branches that allows multiple applications to happen at once.

based on a body of evidence and many experiments, trials, and tests.

describe the mechanisms for natural events.

regularities or mathematical descriptions of natural phenomena

used by scientists as an idea that may contribute important new knowledge for the evaluation of a scientific theory.

Steps to the Scientific Method

Scientific method – The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge. To be termed scientific, a method of inquiry is commonly based on empirical or measurable evidence subject to specific principles of reasoning.

An experiment is a procedure carried out to refute or validate a hypothesis. Experiments help students understand cause-and-effect relationships by demonstrating what outcome occurs when a particular factor is manipulated.

An experiment usually has three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and control. The independent variable is the one that is changed by the scientist.

is the element manipulated in the experiment.

is what the scientist is measuring during the experiment.

are the elements of the experiment that a scientist wants to remain constant, and she must observe them as carefully as the dependent variables