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Anatomy and Physiology Review

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
In adults, the substance at #6 would be 
a)
red marrow
b)
yellow marrow
c)
spongy bone
d)
clotted blood
2.
Where are blood cells made? 
a)
Yellow marrow 
b)
Red marrow
c)
Spongy Bone 
d)
Periosteum
3.
Spongy bone would primarily be found where in a bone?
a)
diaphysis
b)
epiphysis
c)
periosteum
d)
endosteum
4.

Which is a cell that builds new bone?

a)

osteoclast

b)

osteoblast

c)

osteocyte

d)

osteodontknow

5.

Which type of cell is classified as a bone breaker?

a)

osteoclast

b)

osteoblast

c)

osteocyte

d)

osteodontknow

6.

A contraction of the diaphragm during inhalation causes it to flatten. What else does the contraction result in?

a)

An increase in the volume of the thoracic cavity

b)

Increase in alveolar pressure

c)

A decrease in lung volume

d)

A decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity

7.

The thoracic cavity has to decease in size in order for ______ to occur.

a)

inspiration

b)

expiration

c)

both

8.

Inspiration is produced by a _____________ in the pressure in the thoracic cavity and in the air passages of the lungs.

a)

decrease

b)

increase

c)

consistency

9.

During expiration your diaphragm moves ....

a)

up

b)

down

c)

both

10.

This substance lowers surface tension, which keeps the alveoli from collapsing after exhalation and makes breathing easy

a)

surfactant

b)

mucus

c)

antigens

d)

bronchiole

11.

Type of digestion in the stomach

a)

Mechanical

b)

Chemical

c)

Both

12.

Muscle contractions that squeezes food and forces it into the stomach

a)

pathogen

b)

pharynx

c)

platelet

d)

peristalis

13.
Secreted by fat cells, causes brain to increase metabolism and decrease hunger.
a)
Insulin
b)
Leptin
c)
Orexin
d)
Ghrelin
14.
Secreted by the STOMACH sends a message Im hungry to the brain
a)
Leptin
b)
Orexin
c)
PYY
d)
Ghrelin
15.
What helps us to see color?
a)
rods
b)
lens
c)
cones
d)
sclera
16.

What does the ear drum do as it receives sound?

a)

it starts to vibrate

b)

it does nothing

c)

it bursts

17.

The cochlea is filled with fluid. The fluid move tiny hairs. What happens next?

a)

sound stops here

b)

messages are sent to the brain

18.

Senses that respond to chemicals in solution utilize which of the following:

a)

Meissner's corpuscle

b)

chemoreceptors

c)

crista ampullaris

d)

beta lactamase

19.

The nerves associated with smell are referred to as the:

a)

olfactory receptor cells

b)

smell cells

c)

gustatory receptor cells

d)

umami cells

20.

Small projections located on the tongue’s surface where taste buds are located are known as:

a)

papillae

b)

gustatory cells

c)

olfactory epithelium

d)

mucous producing glands

21.

Which of the following are produced from the thyroid?

a)

calcitonin

b)

parathyroid hormone

c)

oxytocin

d)

aldosterone

22.

This hormone produced by your adrenal glands is responsible for your ability to react to long term stress.

a)

epinephrine

b)

cortisol

c)

prolactin

d)

aldosterone

23.

A young patient begins to lose weight and complains of constantly being thirsty. When assessed, the nurse completes a blood glucose analysis with a glucometer. The result is 329 mg/dL (elevated):

a)

diabetes insipidus

b)

diabetes mellitus

c)

Addison’s disease

d)

hyperaldosteronism

24.

The beta cells of the pancreas are stimulated during hyperglycemia to produce:

a)

glucagon

b)

insulin

c)

calcitonin

d)

PTH

25.
The "effect" of a given stimulus is the...
a)
response
b)
stimulus
c)
cause
d)
result
26.
What type of feedback loop is shown?
a)
Positive
b)
Neutral
c)
Negative
27.
What type of feedback loop is shown?
a)
negative
b)
neutral 
c)
positive
28.
Failure to maintain homeostasis could result in:
a)
lack of internal balance
b)
eventual death
c)
difficulty carrying on metabolism 
d)
all three
29.

Endocrine system uses the blood stream and hormones to reach their target cells; whereas, neural system uses impulses/synapses, which is quicker?

a)

Neural controls

b)

Endocrine controls

30.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for hypertension?

a)

Smoking

b)

Being underweight

c)

Being at an old age

d)

Stress

31.

The pressure in the arteries when the heart beats is called _______

a)

Systolic Pressure

b)

Diastolic Pressure

c)

Atmospheric Pressure

d)

Fluid Pressure

32.

Ahmad has a systolic pressure of 155 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 92 mmHg. He has _____

a)

Normal blood pressure

b)

Prehypertension

c)

Hypertension stage 1

d)

Hypertension stage 2

33.

Saeed has a systolic pressure of 115 mmHg and a diastolic pressure of 75 mmHg. He has _______

a)

Normal blood pressure

b)

Prehypertension

c)

Hypertension stage 1

d)

Hypertension stage 2

34.

Hypotension is?

a)

Very low blood pressure

b)

Very high blood pressure

c)

Very high blood oxygen

d)

Very low blood oxygen

35.
Which letter represents the Cervical Region of the spinal cord and vertebral column?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
36.
Which letter represents the Lumbar Region of the spinal cord and vertebral column?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
37.
What is protected by the vertebral column?
a)
Ligaments
b)
Spinal cord
c)
Muscles
d)
The brain stem
38.
What is the fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber to the brain and spinal cord called? 
a)
Blood-Brain Barrier
b)
Meninges
c)
Cerebrospinal Fluid
d)
Cerebral Cortex
39.

What's in the picture?

a)

synaptic vesicles

b)

neurotransmitters

c)

presynaptic neuron

d)

postsynaptic neuron

e)

synaptic cleft

40.

What's in the picture?

a)

synaptic vesicles

b)

neurotransmitters

c)

presynaptic neuron

d)

postsynaptic neuron

e)

synaptic cleft

41.

What causes the release of neurotransmitters into the cleft?

a)

an action potential reaches the terminal

b)

ligand gated ion channels open

c)

excititory neurotransmitters bind to ligand gated ion channels

d)

an action potential on the post synaptic neuron triggers nearby voltage gated ion channels

42.

which of the following explains why the action potential continues along the post synaptic neuron?

a)

an action potential reaches the terminal

b)

ligand gated ion channels open

c)

excititory neurotransmitters bind to ligand gated ion channels

d)

an action potential on the post synaptic neuron triggers nearby voltage gated ion channels

43.

A neuron : gland / muscle synapse is associated with....

a)

sensory neurons

b)

motor neurons

44.
Without the ____ the two sides of our brain couldn't communicate. 
a)
Frontal Lobe
b)
Cerebral Cortex
c)
Thalamus
d)
Corpus Callosum 
45.
The parietal lobe controls __________.
a)
Vision
b)
Problem Solving
c)
Memory
d)
Sense of touch, pain, pressure
46.
What is this?
a)
Cerebrum
b)
Cerebellum
c)
Brain Stem
d)
Diencephalon
47.

What is this?

a)

Corpus callosum

b)

Medulla Oblongata

c)

Cerebellum

d)

Hypothalamus

48.
What is the main function of oligodendrocytes?
a)
Production of insulation and protection
b)
Maintain the health of the neuron
c)
Brace and support the neuron to it's nurtient supply
d)
Lining of the central cavities to circulate spinal fluid
49.

Neuroglial cells that form the fatty myelin sheath on neurons in the CNS are ___________ in the PNS are ________________?

a)

ganglia and oligodendroglia

b)

astrocytes and schwann cells

c)

schwann cells and oligodendroglia

d)

oligodendroglia and schwann cells

50.
Which of the following spinal cord ascending tracts conveys sensory information about which we become consciously aware?
a)
Dorsal column
b)
Ventral column
c)
Dorsal horn
d)
Central Canal
51.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Pectorals
b)
Tricep
c)
Bicep
d)
Quadriceps
52.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Hamstring
b)
Pectorals
c)
Abdominals
d)
Quadriceps
53.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Hamstring
b)
Gastrocnemius
c)
Deltoid
d)
Latissimus Dorsi
54.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Bicep
b)
Tricep
c)
Deltoid
d)
Trapezius
55.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Obliques
b)
Trapezius
c)
Gluteus Maximus
d)
Latissimus Dorsi
56.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Biceps
b)
Triceps
c)
Abdominals
d)
Obliques
57.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Deltoids
b)
Quadriceps
c)
Triceps
d)
Trapezius
58.
Identify the muscle.
a)
Hamstrings
b)
Gastrocnemius
c)
Abdominals
d)
Pectorals
59.
Arteriosclerosis is a disease which clogs arteries in the human body. In arteriosclerosis, artery walls become thick. Fatty deposits build up on inner walls of arteries. This condition reduces the ability of arteries to perform their function. The diagram above shows a comparison between a healthy artery and one with arteriosclerosis. Which body function is most affected by arteriosclerosis? 
a)
circulating blood to tissues
b)
assembling amino acids into proteins
c)
replacing damaged cells with new cells
d)
breaking down food particles into molecules
60.
Blood volume and blood pressure are related.  What happens to pressure and cardiac output when volume of fluid increases?
a)
increased fluid, decreased cardiac output, and decreased pressure
b)
increased fluid, decreased cardiac output, and increased pressure
c)
increased fluid, increased cardiac output, and decreased pressure
d)
increased fluid, increased cardiac output, and increased pressure
61.
A doctor prescribes a blood thinner to a patient with high blood pressure. What impact will this medication have on blood flow and viscosity?
a)
A doctor prescribes a blood thinner to a patient with high blood pressure. What impact will this medication have on blood flow and viscosity?
b)
The blood flow will decrease and the viscosity will increase.
c)
The blood flow will increase and the viscosity will decrease
d)
The blood flow will increase and the viscosity will increase.
62.
This bone
a)
Pelvis
b)
Humerous
c)
Scapula
d)
Ischium 
63.
Name this bone.
a)
tibia
b)
fibula
c)
femur
64.
a)

Radius

b)

Humerus

c)

Ulna

d)

Clavicle

65.
a)
Sacrum
b)
Coccyx
c)
Lumbar Vertebrae
d)
Pelvis
66.

Identify the bone highlighted in red.

a)

Clavicle

b)

Carpals

c)

Sternum

d)

Ribs

67.

Identify the bones highlighted in red.

a)

Tibia

b)

Fibia

c)

Patella

d)

Femur

68.

The gap between the nerve cell and sarcolemma is the ____ ___.

a)

Synaptic cleft

b)

Neurotransmitter

c)

Motor unit

d)

Neuromuscular junction

69.

Once the action potential reaches the end of the axon terminal what takes place?

a)

ACh is released into the synaptic cleft.

b)

Calcium is pumped into the sarcolemma.

c)

Calcium is pumped into the AT.

d)

The muscle contracts.

70.

Once ACh binds to receptor cells on the sarcolemma, what takes place?

a)

Sarcolemma becomes temporarily permeable to sodium.

b)

The muscle contracts.

c)

Calcium is pumped into the axon terminal.

d)

Synaptic vesicles move to the end of the terminal.

71.

LETTER f:

a)

Ovaries

b)

Uterus

c)

Cervix

d)

Vagina

72.

Which serves as a temporary storage of sperm cells before they are released in the urethra?

a)

Testicle

b)

Epididymis

c)

Prostate gland

d)

Cowper's gland

73.

What do you call the process in which the ovary releases a mature egg cell?

a)

urination

b)

menstruation

c)

ovulation

d)

nocturnal emission

74.
Where does fertilization usually take place?
a)
ovary
b)
fallopian tube
c)
cervix
d)
vagina
75.

The diagram given represents the human male reproductive system. Which activity would be prevented by blockages at X

and Y?

a)

transport of urine out of the body

b)

passage of testosterone to the female to stimulate

egg production

c)

movement of sperm out of the body

d)

movement of testosterone to the testes to

stimulate sperm production

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