Erika looks at the sky at night and can see Venus. She knows that Neptune is much larger than Venus, yet Neptune cannot be seen from Earth without a telescope. Which of the following explains why Neptune cannot be seen without a telescope?

In the human body, blood carries oxygen to the organs. Which of the following pumps blood throughout the body?

Denise wants to know which time of day is the warmest. She creates a chart to record the time and temperature at various times over several days. Which of the following best describes why Denise should keep detailed notes from her experiment?

Astronomers have developed a scale to make it easier to compare the brightness of different stars. Susie is comparing two stars. Which of the following is the most likely reason for why one star appears brighter than the other?

Susanna uses a rope to lower a bucket in order to get water from a well near her house.

Which force allows the bucket to be lowered?

The Sun provides Earth with two forms of energy. What are the two forms of energy?

Margot measured 400 milliliters (mL) of water using a beaker. She then heated the water until it boiled. She poured the boiling water back into the beaker and saw that there was less water than she had before.

Regina is going to dissolve a teaspoon of sugar in a cup of hot tea. What could Regina do to dissolve the sugar more quickly?

In Earth’s solar system, the four planets closest to the Sun are called the inner planets. The four most distant planets are known as the outer planets. Which of the following statements best describes a difference between the inner and outer planets?

Astronomers discover a new object in the night sky. Using high-powered telescopes, they find that it is a bumpy, round, rocky object that is smaller than the planet Mercury. It orbits the Sun between Mars and Jupiter. Which of the following is the object most likely to be?

Sarai noticed that when she breathed on a cold mirror, the glass fogged up. Which of the following best explains why this happened?

Look at the picture below.

Which organism will best complete this food chain?

Earth’s water constantly cycles between Earth’s surface, the atmosphere, and living things. The water you drink could be the same water the dinosaurs drank. Which of the following factors has the greatest effect on the water cycle?

Donna is learning about the water cycle in school. She knows that runoff is water that flows over land surfaces.

A hurricane can form when a large air mass develops over a tropical ocean and causes rising air to move in a circular motion. Which kind of air makes up a hurricane?

When the water vapor in clouds condenses, it causes precipitation. The type of precipitation that falls depends on the temperature. Which of the following will most likely occur if the temperature in a cloud is –5°C (23°F) and the air between the cloud and the ground is very cold?

Joe lives near a mountain range. He sees that cumulonimbus clouds have been building throughout the day and the temperature has dropped from 14°C (57°F) to 6°C (42°F), as shown below.

Which weather is most likely to occur?

The organs in the human body work together to keep the body healthy, with each organ having different functions. What is the primary function of the liver in the human body?

A skeleton provides structural support for the human body. An exoskeleton provides support for the body of a crawfish. How are these two structures different?

The stem of a plant is useful for holding up the plant. Animals also have structures that give them support. Which of the following structures has a function most like the stem of a plant?

Snakes and iguanas are cold-blooded reptiles found in Florida. These animals are well-suited for Florida’s environment. What is the main reason reptiles are found in warmer climates as opposed to colder ones?

The diagram below shows two different bird species. Notice that they have different beak shapes.

Why is the bird with the beak on the right better adapted for woodland environments characterized by pine trees rather than flowering plants?

Andy completed an experiment to test if seeds germinate faster at higher temperatures. Andy got three damp paper towels and rolled up 10 radish seeds in each one. He placed one group of seeds in the refrigerator. He placed a second group on the kitchen countertop, and he placed a third group in a warm spot on top of his hot water heater. Andy found the average time it took the seeds to germinate in each location. The results are shown in the table below.

Andy concluded that radish seeds germinate faster at higher temperatures. Which of the following statements best supports Andy’s conclusion?

Jeff thinks different types of rocket wings will affect how high a rocket can go in the air. He wants to test this idea by comparing different wings when launching his model rockets. Which of the following experiments would be the best test to investigate the effect of the rocket wing type on the height of the rocket’s flight?

Ellen is completing an experiment to learn more about feeding her pet rabbit. The rabbit eats pet food and carrots. Ellen places 100 grams (g) of each type of food in the rabbit’s cage. Which scientific observation would Ellen record?

Latisha bought three different brands of cat food. She placed an equal amount of cat food in three equal-sized bowls. She placed a different brand of cat food on the floor each day, over a three-day period. Each day, Latisha’s cat eats a different brand of food.

Latisha observes her cat eating the food. Which of the following is an observation that would provide evidence for a conclusion?

Luis wants to learn if the direction in which seeds are planted affects the direction in which the roots grow. He plants the seeds as shown below.

Which of the following data would be most important for Luis to record?

A musician is playing a guitar. As she plucks the strings, she can feel the guitar vibrating. What type of energy causes this vibration?

All living things use energy. What kind of energy does a plant use to make its food?

A diagram of a hydroelectric dam is shown below.

Which of the following shows the correct order of energy flow in the system?

Windmills like the ones shown below use wind to produce electricity.

A group of students assembled the circuit shown below.

Which of the following correctly shows the energy transformation that occurs in the circuit?

Alea learned in science class that one form of energy can be changed into other forms of energy. In which of the following situations does electrical energy become light and heat energy?

When music is heard from a radio, several energy transformations are taking place. Which of the following shows one of these transformations?

Workers from a moving company are lifting a mattress through a large upper window. Which of the following correctly identifies the forces acting on the mattress?

The road sign below warns drivers that the road is slippery when it is wet.

Tim and his younger brother are playing with toy cars and a ramp. His brother tries to park his car when the car is facing downward on the ramp. It doesn’t work and the car rolls down the ramp on its own. Tim explains the problem using Newton’s first law of motion. What would Tim say is necessary for an object to remain at rest?

Jill threw a baseball 20 meters. She then threw a basketball 10 meters from the same location and with the same force. Which of the following statements best describes why the basketball did not travel as far as the baseball?

Noel wants to find out which food has the greater mass: almonds or his favorite cereal. He fills a bowl with almonds and places it on oneside of the balance. He places a 20-gram (g) block on the other side of the balance and observes the position of the balance. He then repeats the same test with the cereal. The results of his test are shown below.

Which of the following statements describes what Noel observed?

Abigail and Steven find the properties of two samples of solid material. They list their data in the table below.

Now, the teacher works with the students to change the samples from a solid state to a liquid state. Which of the following properties are most likely to change as the materials become liquid?

A recycling station accidentally mixed together hundreds of glass jars with hundreds of steel cans. Which of the following is the easiest way to separate the cans from the jars?

As part of a science test, Mrs. Jimenez asks her students to separate the sand from a mixture of table salt and sand. Which of the following facts would be most useful in separating the table salt and sand?

Juan and his mother baked bread for a fundraiser. Before it was baked, the dough was sticky, light brown, and small. After it was baked, the bread was dry, dark brown, and much larger.

Kevin is investigating different physical and chemical changes. He applies heat to an ice cube and observes the changes of state. In what order will the changes of state occur?

Jackson creates a model to describe the water cycle. His model has the following parts: a clear plastic box with a tight-fitting lid, water, soil, a plant, ice cubes, and a heat lamp.

Earth rotates on its axis every day. Scientists say Earth’s rotation is slowing down very slightly over time, by about a millisecond each century. What will be the expected result as Earth rotates more slowly in the distant future?

Most plants have a waxy covering that helps protect the plant from losing too much water. Which of the following human structures is most similar in function to the waxy covering of plants?

Dylan wants to group the minerals in his collection based on their luster. Which of the following categories

could he use?

Almost half of the state of Florida is covered in forests. In order for wood to be considered a renewable resource, which of the following must be true?

The picture below shows a rocky cliff. Every few years, a section of the cliff collapses.

Several parts of a flowering plant are shown below.

A ptarmigan is a ground-dwelling bird that changes colors with the seasons. In winter, ptarmigans are entirely white. In summer, their bellies are white, but their heads, backs, and wings are mostly brown. Where are ptarmigans most likely to be found?

Connor has observed the life cycles of two insects: darkling beetles and dragonflies.

What stage does the darkling beetle go through that the dragonfly does not?

A scientist wants to find out how nitrogen in the soil influences the growing of plants. Which of the following scientific investigations would be most useful in learning about nitrogen and growing plants?

Look at the food chain below.

Marnie finds a mineral and wants to test its properties. She scratches it with an iron nail. Which property of the mineral will Marnie be able to identify using this test?

Susie and Angie are playing baseball on a calm day. Susie pitches the ball, and Angie bats it back. Which of the following best describes what happens when the bat hits the ball?

A plant has a variety of structures that help it meet its needs. Different structures have different functions. What is the primary function of the roots of a plant?

The pictures below show details from two kinds of trees. The orange tree produces fruit while the slash pine tree produces cones.

While Mei was working in her garden, she made several different conclusions.

Mei wants to test one of her conclusions. Which conclusion could be tested with a scientific experiment

Many different energy sources are found in Florida. Which of the following can be described as a nonrenewable resource?

Mike and Sophia each have an empty shopping cart with the same mass. They push their shopping carts straight out in front of them at the same time. Mike’s cart rolls one meter while Sophia’s cart rolls two meters. Which of the following is true?

Both weathering and erosion can change the shape of Earth’s surface. Which of the following statements describes the process of weathering?

Greg is studying astronomy, and notices that the patterns of stars he can see in the summer night sky are different from those in the winter night sky. Which of the following explains why Greg sees different patterns in summer than those he sees in winter?