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Unit 4: ALL ABOUT CELLS

Total questions: 98

Worksheet time: 1hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What are the nucleotides made of?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
c)
Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
d)
Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine
2.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
3.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
4.
Why is DNA important?
a)
it is very small and very complicated
b)
it's in everything
c)
it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
d)
because we eat it every day for energy
5.
What are the 4 nitrogen bases?
a)
adenine, thymine, cytoplasm, and guanine
b)
adenine, thymine cytosine, and guanine
c)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and gylcerol
d)
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and glucose
6.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
7.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
8.
The building block of nucleic acids are nucleotides.  Nucleotides are composed of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a _________________ base.
a)
oxygen
b)
hydrogen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon
9.
The sugar in DNA is ?
a)
sucrose
b)
glucose
c)
deoxyribose
d)
fructose
10.
Which of the following monomers are repeatedly joined together to form a strand of DNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
polysaccharides
11.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
12.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
13.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
14.
A long chain of amino acids is a/an
a)
protein
b)
nucleic acid
c)
tRNA
d)
mRNA
15.

A process in which DNA has the unique ability to make an exact copy of itself.

a)

Replication

b)

Translation

c)

Transcription

d)

Protein Synthesis

16.
Replicate the following strand of DNA: 
AATCATGGA
a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
17.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
18.
order of replication
a)
3, 2, 1, 4
b)
2, 1, 4, 3
c)
2, 3, 1, 4
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
19.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
20.

A gene is (mark all that apply)

a)

A distinct portion of the somatic cells responsible for increasing hormone concentrations during interphase

b)

A distinct sequence of nucleotides forming part of the chromosome

c)

A unit of heredity transferred from the parents to their offspring

d)

A type of protein

21.

All are functions of proteins, except for ____

a)

Structural - Hair and fingernails

b)

Hormonal - Regulate organ growth and development

c)

Energy - Provide short term energy for cell fermenation

d)

Enzymes - Catalyst for reactions

22.
Traits that are passed from generation to generation are called ____________________
a)
Excited Traits
b)
Inherited Traits
c)
Inclined Traits
d)
Special Traits
23.
_____________________ is a cell organelle composed of RNA and Protein
a)
cytoplasm
b)
ribosome
c)
DNA
d)
Amino Acid
24.
__________________ is a change in the nucleotide base sequence of DNA.
a)
switch
b)
eraser
c)
creation
d)
mutation
25.
What is D pointing at?
a)
Phospholipid bilayer
b)
Cholesterol
c)
Transmembranic Protein
d)
Peripheral Protein
26.
What is E pointing at?
a)
Phospholipid Bilayer
b)
Cholesterol
c)
Transmembranic Protein
d)
Peripheral Protein
27.
What do you call it when two neurons communicate through neurotransmitters?
a)
Hormones
b)
Synapse
c)
Cholesterol
d)
Monty
28.
What is an organic compound that is made by glands in the body (pituitary, thyroid, etc) that is used in long distance communication between cells?
a)
Hormones
b)
Neurotransmitters
c)
Synapse
d)
Carbohydrates
29.
Which of the following would be an example of paracrine signaling in animals?
a)
neurotransmitter acetylcholine
b)
hormone epinephrine
c)
neurotransmitter norepinephrine
d)
growth factor
30.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
31.
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
a)
cAMP
b)
G Protein
c)
protein kinase
d)
protein phosphatase
32.
Signal amplification is most often achieved by
a)
an enzyme cascade
b)
binding of multiple signals
c)
branching pathways
d)
action of adenylyl cyclase
33.
What does a protein kinase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme
34.

Which of these is false?

a)

Quorum sensing was discovered by bacteria in an octopus

b)

Most Bacteria have the same Signal hormone

c)

Quorum sensing happens in both same species cells and different species

d)

Bacteria use Quorum sensing to harm other species (releasing toxins)

35.

How can other species benefit from Quorum Sensing

a)

Antibiotics

b)

Communicate with bacteria

c)

Program bacteria to do things

d)

Medicinal herbs

36.

A primer pheromone instigates .....?

a)

slow, long-term physiological changes

b)

rapid, temporary behavioral effects

c)

slow, temporary behavioral effects

d)

rapid, long-term physiological changes

37.

Acetylcholine and cortisol are thought to trigger what cerebral structure when responding to emotion?

a)

limbic system

b)

amygdala

c)

hippocampus

d)

thalamus

38.

Which is NOT a limitation of the study of pheromones?

a)

only data gathered from human experiments

b)

no empirically evaluated "human pheromone"

c)

level of pheromones generally inconsequential

d)

no organ to detect them

39.
A signal molecule that binds to a plasma-membrane protein is a
a)
ligand
b)
second messenger
c)
protein kinase
d)
receptor protein
40.
What is a G protein?
a)
specific type of membrane-receptor protein
b)
protein on the cytoplasmic side of a membrane
c)
membrane-bound enzyme
d)
relay protein
41.
What do second messengers do?
a)
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
b)
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
c)
relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm
d)
dampen the message
42.
What does a protein phosphatase do?
a)
removes phosphates
b)
transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins
c)
activates an enzyme with a signal molecule
43.
What determines whether a signal molecule binds on the surface or enters the cell?
a)
size
b)
polarity
c)
ability to cross the membrane
d)
all of these are correct
44.
Which of the following is a chemical message that usually travels through the bloodstream to target cells?
a)
hormone
b)
local regulator
c)
endocrine cell
45.

Cyclins are small proteins that bind to and activate CDK enzymes during the process of:

a)

endocytosis

b)

cell respiration

c)

osmosis

d)

mitosis

46.

Cells can communicate with one another via:

a)

chemical messengers

b)

hormones

c)

gap junctions

d)

all of these

47.

G1 is associated with what event?

a)

doubling of cell content

b)

DNA replication

c)

The beginning of mitosis

d)

breakdown of the nuclear membrane

48.
Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the cell cycle?
a)
Mitosis-> G1->S->G2->cytokinesis
b)
S->G1-> G2-> mitosis-> cytokinesis
c)
cytokinesis->mitosis->G1->S->G2
d)
 G1->S->G2->mitosis->cytokinesis
49.
Structure (b) is a ____.
a)
chromosome
b)
chromatid
c)
centromere
50.
As you get dehydrated, your blood becomes thicker and harder to pump. Your kidneys will respond by stopping urine production, sending the water from urine into your bloodstream to thin your blood back to normal level.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
51.
When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
52.

According to the feedback loop, what does high blood sugar promote?

a)

Insulin Release

b)

Glucagon Release

c)

Insulin Uptake

d)

Glycogen Uptake

53.

A feedback loop best fits which characteristic of life?

a)

Cells

b)

Organization

c)

Homeostasis

d)

Adaptation

54.
___________ have 2 functions in the cell membrane.
1.) They act like gatekeepers, only let certain things in. 
2.) Enzyme receptors embedded in the membrane.
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins 
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
55.
This is a picture of which type of receptor?
a)
Intracellular
b)
Extracellular
56.
This is a picture of which type of receptor? 
a)
Intracellular
b)
Extracellular
57.
1.  Each of the following numbered processes are involved in signal transduction pathways:  
 I.  Response  
II.  Amplification  
 III.  Reception  
IV.  Transduction
 Which of the following represents the sequence of events in a typical signal transduction pathway?
a)
I, II, III, IV
b)
III, I, IV, II
c)
II, IV, I, III
d)
III, IV, II, I
58.
G proteins are a family of proteins involved in transmitting chemical signals originating from outside a cell into the inside of the cell. G proteins function as molecular switches.
Which of the following best describes the role in which the G protein is most intimately involved in the process shown above?
a)
Production of the ligand molecule.
b)
Reception of the signal.
c)
Transduction of the signal.
d)
Production of response to signal.
59.

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is produced at a location distant from its target cell(s)

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

juxtracrine signaling

c)

paracrine signaling

d)

endocrine signaling

60.

Type of cell signaling where the ligand is released and will affect cells in its "neighborhood"

a)

autocrine signaling

b)

juxtracrine signaling

c)

paracrine signaling

d)

endocrine signaling

61.

What is being depicted in the image?

a)

Amplification of the signal molecule

b)

Enzymatic proteins inhibiting process of the signal transduction pathway

c)

Kinase groups adding dimer groups to other enzymes

d)

Diffusion of molecules within the cell due to the signaling molecule

62.

Testosterone does not affect all cells of the body because __________.

a)

testosterone cannot cross the plasma membrane

b)

not all cells have cytoplasmic receptors for testosterone

c)

not all cells in the body have membrane receptors for testosterone

d)

it is a local regulator

e)

it affects only cells that have ion-channel receptors

63.

Receptors for signal molecules __________.

a)

all work via protein kinases

b)

are never found in the nucleus of a cell

c)

may be found embedded in the plasma membrane, or found within the cytoplasm or nucleus

d)

all work by opening ion channels

e)

are only found associated with the plasma membrane

64.
Which of the following statement is correct?
a)
Cell communicate with one another in multicellular organisms using extracellular signaling molecules or hormones
b)
Cell communicate with one another in unicellular organisms using extracellular signaling antigen and antibody
c)
Cell communicate with one another in multicellular organisms using intracellular signaling molecules only
d)
Cell communicate with one another in unicellular organisms using intracellular signaling antigen and antibody
65.

What is Apoptosis?

a)

Cell programmed Death

b)

Inflammation of cell

c)

Phagocytosis

d)

Plasmolysis

66.

Why is apoptosis required?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Cell division: Meiosis and mitosis

c)

Growth and elimination of threats such as viruses and DNA damage

67.

An example of DIRECT cell communication is:

a)

White blood cells bumping into each other sharing antigen info

b)

Neurons communicating across a synapse

c)

Hormones traveling through the blood stream to target tissues

68.
This is an example of
a)
paracrine signaling
b)
synaptic signaling
c)
long-distance signaling
d)
all of the above
69.
Which of the following correctly describes the reception stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
protein kinases phosphoylate molecules
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
70.
Which of the following correctly describes the response stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
cAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor protein
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
71.
Which of the following correctly describes the transduction stage of this signal transduction pathway?
a)
epinephrine binds to a g-protein coupled receptor protein present in the cell membrane
b)
the g protein changes shape, is activated, activates adenyl cyclase, which activates cAMP, which activates protein kinases
c)
cAMP binds to the g-protein coupled receptor protein
d)
glycogen synthesis is inhibited and glycogen breakdown is promoted
72.
Hormones are used in ____ signaling.
a)
endocrine
b)
juxtacrine
c)
autocrine
d)
paracrine
73.

what type of cell communication is being shown in the image?

a)

Paracrine

b)

Endocrine

c)

Juxtacrine

d)

Autocrine

74.

What answer best describes the cell communication Autocrine?

a)

Cell responding to its own chemical message

b)

Cell responding to a neighboring cell

c)

Cell responding to hormones circulating in the blood

d)

Cells responding to signals sent by direct contact

75.

Growth factors are a family of proteins that bind to receptors with the main purpose of proliferating and/or differentiating?

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Which receptor family is penetrated through the membrane and has intrinsic enzymatic activity?

a)

Kinases

b)

GPCR

c)

Intracellular receptors

d)

All of the above

77.

The differeance between serine /threonine and tryosine kinases is the fact that tyrosine kinases must dimerize while serine/threonine kinases do not have to dimerize.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Which cell in the human body only uses glycolysis for ATP production?

a)

Erythrocyte

b)

Hepatocyte

c)

Neuron

79.

Plasmodesmata in plant cells are analogous to what structure in animal cells?

a)

Tight junctions

b)

Gap junctions

c)

Adhesion junctions

d)

Vacuoles

80.

Urine is confined to the human bladder in part due to the structure of junctions that connect the cells lining the bladder. These junctions form a barrier that prevents the exchange of ions and solutes between the blood and urine. What is the likely identity of these junctions?

a)

Gap junctions

b)

Tight junctions

c)

Adhering junctions

d)

Plasmodesmata

81.

Which of these correctly matches the cellular junction with its function?

a)

Gap junctions prevent the flow of ions and water from one part of the body to another

b)

Adhering junctions are branched network of proteins that are impermeable to fluids

c)

Gap junctions are connections that directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells

d)

Tight junctions are random, spot attachments between cells that prevent tearing of tissue

82.

Proteins with DNA that are found inside the nucleus are called

a)

Centrioles

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Nucleolus

d)

Chromatin

83.

The cell's cytoskeleton is important for

a)

cellular shape

b)

organelle organization

c)

movement such as amoeboid

d)

all of the above

84.
Which enzyme fixes the Okazaki fragments in the lagging strand?
a)
Helicase
b)
Polymerase
c)
Ligase
d)
Primerase
85.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)
anti-parallel
b)
deoxyribosic
c)
helical
d)
radioactive
86.
3' and 5' refer to...
a)
How effectively the helicase works
b)
What direction the nucleotides are pointing
c)
Where the RNA primer attaches
d)
Okazaki's famous experiment
87.
The enzyme that splits open the DNA creates what's called a fork - where the DNA separates into the lagging strand and the ______ strand.
a)
leading
b)
leveraging
c)
Okazaki
d)
ligase
88.
DNA replication turns one strand of DNA into two new strands of DNA. What percent of each new strand is the old strand?
a)
Half of each new DNA is the old DNA
b)
The old strand of DNA was digested, so none
c)
The new DNA is entirely made up of the old DNA
d)
About every sixth base comes from the old DNA
89.
Sometimes, DNA is called "semi-conservative." Why might this be?
a)
The old strand is "conserved" and used to make the new strands
b)
Uracil is "conserved" in that it is only used to make the new strands
c)
ATP is "conserved" via the usage of facilitated diffusion
d)
Ligase is "conserved" in that it is denatured by the process
90.
What is the longest stage of the cell cycle called?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
M phase
c)
Interphase
d)
G1 Phase
91.
During what stage does the G1, S and G2 phases happen?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
Mitosis
d)
Cytokinesis
92.
During which stage of the cell cycle does mitosis and cytokinesis occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
S phase
c)
M phase
d)
G1 phase
93.
During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
M phase
d)
Cytokinesis
94.
During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell prepare for mitosis?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
95.
How many stages are in mitosis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
96.
Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase. 
a)
prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
b)
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
c)
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d)
prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
97.
Put the following in order: G2, G1, S, mitosis, cytokinesis. 
a)
G1, G2, S, Mitosis, cytokinesis
b)
G1, S, G2, Mitosis, cytokinesis
c)
G1, G2, S, cytokinesis, mitosis
d)
G1, S, G2, cytokinesis, mitosis
98.
Put the following actions in order: DNA replicates, cell grows, cell divides, cell prepares for mitosis. 
a)
DNA replicates, cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
b)
cell grows, cell prepares for mitosis, DNA replicates, cell divides
c)
cell grows, DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell divides
d)
DNA replicates, cell prepares for mitosis, cell grows, cell divides

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