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Earth Science

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Students were tasked with making a model of how natural forces can change the surface

features of Earth. They make a pile of sand in front of an electric fan and turn it on. This model best represents which of the following changes to the surface of Earth?

a)

The formation of a delta at the mouth of a river.

b)

The building of a mountain on the edge of a continent.

c)

The movement of dunes caused by the blowing wind.

d)

The creation of a canyon by flowing water.

2.

This is a natural solid that is made of one or more minerals.

a)

Mineral

b)

Fossil

c)

Rock

d)

Sediment

3.

The substance that is melted rock below the ground is called what?

a)

Magma

b)

Sediment

c)

Gas

d)

Water

4.

What are the particles of weathered rock called?

a)

Sediments

b)

Fossils

c)

Rocks

d)

Minerals

5.

This is the type of rock that forms when earth processes change the texture and heat and pressure are applied.

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Sedimentary rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Rock Cycle

6.

These are traces or remains of a once-living thing sometimes found in sedimentary rocks.

a)

Rocks

b)

Sediments

c)

Fossils

d)

Minerals

7.

This is the type of rock that forms from sediment that gets cemented or pressed together under pressure.

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Sedimentary rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Rock Cycle

8.

This is the type of rock that forms from magma or lava hardening.

a)

Igneous rock

b)

Sedimentary rock

c)

Metamorphic rock

d)

Rock Cycle

9.

How does a metamorphic rock become an igneous rock?

a)

Heat and pressure

b)

Melting and cooling

c)

Weathering/Erosion and Cementation

d)

Cycle

10.

How does an igneous rock become a sedimentary rock?

a)

Heat and pressure

b)

Melting and cooling

c)

Weathering/Erosion and Cementation

d)

Cycling

11.

How does a sedimentary rock become a metamorphic rock?

a)

Heat and pressure

b)

Melting and cooling

c)

Weathering/Erosion and Cementation

d)

Cycling

12.

What is deposition?

a)

Large pieces of rocks are carried by by animals

b)

Rocks stay attached to cliffs, without moving.

c)

Small weathered material, like rocks and soil, that have built up on land forms.

13.

Does weathering and erosion happen quickly?

a)

Yes

b)

No

14.

What created the Grand Canyon?

a)

Earthquakes tore the land in half

b)

Floods Quickly Caused landslides

c)

Rain, wind and the river slowly carved into the rock and soil

d)

Large erupting volcanoes

15.

What is the correct sequence?

a)

Deposition, Erosion, Weathering

b)

Weathering, Erosion, Depostion

c)

Erosion, Deposition, Weathering

d)

Erosion, Weathering, Deposition

16.
a)

Plateau

b)

Plain

c)

Valley

d)

Isthmus

17.
a)

Volcano

b)

Canyon

c)

Plain

d)

Valley

18.
a)

Canyon

b)

Plateau

c)

Mountain

d)

Plain

19.
The statement that the oldest layer will be at the bottom in an undisturbed sequence of rock layers is called the Principle of ....
a)
Inclusions
b)
Unconformities
c)
Cross-Cutting Relationships
d)
Superposition
20.
The Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships states that an igneous intrusion is 
a)
always younger than the layers it cuts across
b)
always older than the layers it cuts across
c)
the same age as the rock it melted
d)
none of the answers are correct
21.
Relative age dating is used to determine the...
a)
actual age of an event
b)
length of time between two events
c)
age of one event in comparison with other events
d)
rate at which a gologic process occurs
22.
Which of the following correctly lists the layers in order from oldest to youngest?
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
E, B, C, D, A
c)
E, D, C, B, A
d)
C, B, A, D, E
23.
Traces or remains of organisms that lived long ago
a)
Fossil
b)
Unconformity
c)
Superposition
d)
Column
24.
The Geologic Time Scale is a record of what?
a)
old geologists
b)
sweet geology music
c)
the known history of rocks and fossils
d)
a list of every living thing ever
25.
In which kind of rock do we usually find a fossil?
a)
sedimentary  rock
b)
metamorphic rock
c)
igneous rock
26.
The diagram shows fossils in different rock layers. Which of these statements about the age of these fossils is most likely correct?
a)
Fossil A and C are the same age
b)
Fossil B is older than fossil C
c)
Fossils A is older than fossil B
d)
Fossil D is older than fossil C
27.
Scientists can determine the absolute age of rocks using:
a)
Fault lines
b)
Index fossils
c)
Radioactive dating
d)
The law of superposition
28.

Which fossil is the oldest?

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

29.

Which fossil is the youngest?

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

30.

Which is the thickest layer of Earth?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

31.

Which layer is thinnest?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

32.

Which layer is plastic-like and allows the crust to flow over it?

a)

lithosphere

b)

outer core

c)

asthenosphere

d)

inner core

33.

Which layer of Earth is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field?

a)

crust because it protects the Earth

b)

mantle because of the convection currents

c)

inner core because it is solid

d)

outer core because the liquid material is spinning around the inner core, creating a magnet

34.

Which layer is solid and made of iron and nickel?

a)

crust

b)

mantle

c)

inner core

d)

outer core

35.

Which layer has strong convection currents that are responsible for the movement of the crust?

a)

lithosphere: the crust and upper mantle

b)

asthenosphere: the middle mantle

c)

outer core

d)

inner core

36.

Which rock makes up the majority of Earth's continental crust?

a)

basalt

b)

granite

c)

sandstone

d)

graphite

37.

What is the order of Earth's layers from most dense to least dense?

a)

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

b)

crust, outer core, mantle, inner core

c)

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

d)

inner core, outer core, crust, mantle

38.

Which layer is made up of two different layers, the continental and the oceanic?

a)

core

b)

mantle

c)

crust

39.

Which layer is considered the tectonic plates of Earth?

a)

lithosphere

b)

asthenosphere

c)

mesosphere

40.

Which two elements are mainly found in the inner and outer core?

a)

iron and nitrogen

b)

nitrogen and basalt

c)

granite and basalt

d)

iron and nickel

41.

How do scientists know about the layers of the Earth?

a)

by digging down deep into the core and bringing up samples

b)

by studying the seismic waves made by earthquakes

c)

by studying and measuring temperature of lava from volcanoes

d)

by taking a facebook poll

42.

The deepest wells and holes have only been drilled into which layer?

a)

the core

b)

the mantle

c)

the crust

43.

Which is the only entirely liquid layer of the Earth?

a)

the upper mantle

b)

the outer core

c)

the inner core

d)

the lower mantle

44.

Which diagram shows a plate boundary that is typical for the formation of volcanoes?

a)
b)
c)
d)
45.

Use the diagram to answer the question. What results as the two oceanic plates converge?

a)

formation of a deep sea trench and island volcanoes

b)

earthquake activity and appearance of a transform fault

c)

volcanic eruption along both oceanic plate edges

d)

formation of a continental mountain range

46.
What kind of plate boundary is shown here?
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
submergent
47.
What geologic feature/event you be most likely to find at a transform boundary?
a)
Earthquakes
b)
Volcanoes
c)
Mountains
d)
Rift Valleys
48.
What geologic feature/event would you most likely to find at a convergent boundary between two pieces of continental crust?
a)
Volcano
b)
Mountain
c)
Rift
d)
Island Arc
49.
A subduction zone is formed...
a)
when one tectonic plate sinks below another
b)
at every type of convergent plate boundary
c)
at every type of divergent plate boundary
d)
at transform boundaries
50.
Sometimes, when two tectonic plates collide, one is pushed below the other; this action at the convergent boundary is called...
a)
Divergent boundary
b)
Convergent boundary
c)
Transform boundary
d)
Subduction
51.
When convergent plates collide, if both plates are pushed upward, this forms.  
a)
Fissures
b)
Mountain Ranges
c)
Volcanoes
d)
Rock Cycle
52.
This sphere includes the continents, the ocean floor, all the rocks on the surface, and all of the sand in the deserts. 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
53.
Composed of all the water on or near the earth
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
54.
This sphere is composed of all the living things 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
55.
Body of air surrounding our planet. 
a)
Hydrosphere 
b)
Biosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Geosphere 
56.
Water evaporating from the surface of a lake moves from the...
a)
Atmosphere to the geosphere 
b)
Geosphere to the hydrosphere 
c)
Hydrosphere to the atmosphere 
d)
Atmosphere to the hydrosphere 
57.
When living things breathe, they interact with which of Earth's spheres? 
a)
Geosphere 
b)
Hydrosphere 
c)
Atmosphere 
d)
Biosphere 
58.
When dead plants decompose and nitrogen is returned to the soil, the interaction is between which two spheres? 
a)
The biosphere and atmosphere 
b)
The atmosphere and geosphere 
c)
The geosphere and atmosphere 
d)
The biosphere and geosphere 
59.
When carbon dioxide dissolves from the air into the ocean- the interaction is between...
a)
The atmosphere and geosphere 
b)
The atmosphere and hydrosphere 
c)
The atmosphere and biosphere 
d)
The atmosphere and atmosphere 
60.

When a plant takes carbon dioxide from the air which two spheres are interacting?

a)

Biosphere and atmosphere

b)

Geosphere and atmosphere

c)

Hydrosphere and atmosphere

d)

Atmosphere and atmosphere

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