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UNIT 1 AOS2 revision

Total questions: 155

Worksheet time: 2hrs 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A group of organisms that belong to the same species living together and interacting with each

other are called a

a)

biosystem.

b)

community.

c)

population.

d)

ecosystem.

2.

The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is:

a)

kinetic energy.

b)

thermal energy.

c)

chemical energy.

d)

light energy.

3.

Two abiotic factors that affect an ecosystem are:

a)

temperature and animals.

b)

soil and water.

c)

plants and animals.

d)

water and bacteria.

4.

The panting responses that are observed in overheated dogs dissipates excess heat by

a)

counter current exchange.

b)

acclimation.

c)

hibernation.

d)

evaporation.

5.

Humans can lose, but cannot gain, heat through the process of

a)

conduction.

b)

evaporation

c)

convection.

d)

radiation.

6.

An example of effectors' roles in homeostatic responses is observable in young children when

a)

an increase in body temperature results from involuntary shivering.

b)

an increase in body temperature results from exercise.

c)

the rising sun causes an increase in body temperature in a stationary animal.

d)

an increase in body temperature results from fever.

7.

The body's tendency to maintain a constant and optimal internal environment is termed:

a)

balanced equilibrium.

b)

physiological chance.

c)

homeostasis.

d)

static equilibrium.

8.

An example of a properly functioning homeostatic control system is seen when

a)

the core body temperature of a runner rises gradually from 37°C to 45°C.

b)

the kidneys will increase their filtration rate producing more urine, when the body has too much fluid.

c)

a blood cell shrinks when placed in a solution of salt and water.

d)

the blood pressure increases in response to an increase in blood volume.

9.

Huddling is used by many animals in cold environments. By huddling

a)

The surface area of the group of animals is reduced and less heat is lost by radiation.

b)

Animals can lose heat by conduction from each other.

c)

Some animals will die on the outside of the group for the survival of the others.

d)

The group of animals together would be more threatening to the predators.

10.

The source of energy for the grass comes from

a)

nutrients in the soil

b)

the sun

c)

rain

d)

fertilizers

11.

Frogs compete

a)

with snake for rabbit.

b)

with rabbit for grass.

c)

with mice for crickets.

d)

with hawk for mice.

12.

In terms of feeding the hawk would be classed as

a)

tertiary consumer only.

b)

secondary and tertiary consumer only.

c)

quaternary consumer only.

d)

secondary, tertiary and quaternary consumer.

13.

Which of the following is an example of an organism maintaining homeostasis??

a)

A plant using the openings on its leaves, stomata, to exchange gases and evaporate water to allow more water to get into the plant

b)

A Runner perspiring while running on a hot summer day

c)

The human body releasing insulin to keep blood sugar steady

d)

The maintain ace of a body temperature around 98.6 degrees F

e)

All of the above

14.

which of the following statements concerning scientific hypotheses is false?

a)

they must be testable by experimentation

b)

they are not always correct

c)

they are the same as theories

d)

they are constructed based on observations

15.

water is the universal....

a)

solute

b)

solvent

16.

when a person does alot of exercise, blood vessels near the surface of the skin increase in diameter to allow blood to be nearer to the surface and help cool the body. this best illustrates...

a)

synthesis

b)

homeostasis

c)

excretion

d)

locomotion

17.

Observations or data deal with numbers

a)

Quantitative

b)

Opinions

c)

Qualitative

d)

Numerical

18.

Check all of the following that would be considered Qualitative Data

a)

The color of the grass

b)

The number of tomatoes on the plant

c)

The time is takes for a dog to run 200m

d)

The smell of an exotic flower

19.

When testing your hypothesis, how many independent variables should you be testing?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

20.

What is the purpose of the Control Group?

a)

To control the results

b)

To make the experiment official

c)

To test the constants

d)

To be compared to the Experimental Group

21.

On a line graph, which variable is displayed on the bottom axis?

a)

Independent

b)

Dependent

c)

Codependent

d)

Non-dependent

22.

An amoeba and a bacteria are unicellular.

a)

True

b)

False

23.

Based on the method by which they get food, organisms are classified as autotrophs or heterotrophs. Which organism listed below is correctly paired?

a)

Tiger - autotroph

b)

Human - heterotroph

c)

Grass - heterotroph

d)

Fish - autotroph

24.
Algae and multicellular plants are autotrophs because they
a)
decomposed dead organisms
b)
absorb nutrients from the soil
c)
break down starches into glucose
d)
capture sunlight and convert the energy into chemical energy
25.
Which of the following is not a characteristic found in all living things
a)
chloroplast
b)
obtaining and using material and energy
c)
responding to stimuli
d)
Reproducing and passing hereditary material to the next generation.
26.
Which of these best describes an organism's ability to maintain the constant internal conditions necessary for life?
a)
homeostasis
b)
stability
c)
reproduction
d)
adaptation
27.

An unicellular organism is one that...

a)

Can make its own food.

b)

Cannot make its own food.

c)

Has only one cell.

d)

Has many cells.

28.

Some organisms are capable to reproduce by budding or splitting. The mode of reproduction of these organisms is...

a)

Heterotrophic reproduction

b)

Asexual reproduction

c)

Sexual reproduction

d)

Autotrophic reproduction

29.

What is a species?

a)

particular type of living things that can breed and reproduce

b)

characteristic of life

c)

study of life

d)

step in scientific method

30.

What is metabolism?

a)

single stage of offspring

b)

group of related parts that work together

c)

fully grown

d)

chemical processes that happen in an organism

31.
Which of the following is the broadest level of classification?
a)
genus
b)
species
c)
domain
d)
kingdom
32.
A prairie chicken, a skunk, and a turtle are all members of the same...
a)
niche
b)
species
c)
community
d)
population
33.
Grass is an example of what kind of factor..
a)
biotic factor
b)
abiotic factor
34.
What is the order of the levels of organization from smallest to greatest?
a)
organism, population, community, ecosystem
b)
organism, community, ecosystem, population
c)
organism, population, ecosystem, community, 
35.
Plants and Fungi belong to the domain Eukarya.  What is the main difference between plants and fungi?
a)
one is multicellular
b)
one reproduces asexually
c)
one is a heterotroph
36.
Which of the following is a biotic factor?
a)
temperature
b)
sunlight
c)
bacteria
d)
water
37.
Vibrio fischeri is a bacteria with prokaryotic cells.  The bacteria's cells have...
a)
a nucleus
b)
no nucleus
38.
A mushroom and bacteria are organisms that break down dead organisms or decomposers. 
These organisms more than likely are also...
a)
autotrophs
b)
heterotrophs
39.
The variety of life across the biosphere is called ________. 
a)
biodiversity
b)
genomics
c)
homeostasis.
d)
ecology
40.

Which description is most likely shown by this graph?

a)

A population of wolves increases and then increases rapidly.

b)

A population of birds increases but then become stable and constant.

c)

A population of mice slowly increases and decreases over time.

d)

A population of fish increases in the spring but decreases in the fall.

41.

Which of the following questions could be answered based on the graph shown?

a)

Has the rabbit population been impacted by recent construction?

b)

How do the rabbits acquire food in their environment?

c)

What types of shelters are available for the rabbits?

d)

Why are the rabbit's average weight declining?

42.

What is the dependent variable for this graph?

a)

Number of individuals in population

b)

time (years)

43.
Oldest type of cell
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
both
44.

Which organelle makes proteins and BOTH prokaryotes and eukaryotes contain?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

ribosomes

d)

cell wall

45.

Taxonomy is ____________________________.

a)

Study of fossils.

b)

Study of plants and animals.

c)

Classification of living things.

d)

Classification of living and non living things.

46.

An Eukaryotic cell is ___________________.

a)

A cell that has cytoplasm.

b)

A cell that has membrane bound organelles (nucleus)

c)

A cell that has no membrane cell organelles (No nucleus)

d)

A cell that has ribosomes.

47.

A prokaryote is _________________.

a)

A cell that has membrane bound organelles.

b)

A cell that has a nucleus.

c)

A cell that has no membrane bound organelles (No nucleus).

d)

A fungi.

48.

Some organisms are capable of making their own food. These kind of organisms are called...

a)

Multitrophic

b)

Autotrophic

c)

Heterotrophic

d)

Semitrophic

49.

Organisms that are NOT capable of making their own food are ...

a)

Autotrophic

b)

Producer

c)

Abundant

d)

Heterotrophic

50.

An organism that has no nucleus, lives in hot, salty, extreme conditions is...

a)

Fungi

b)

Protista

c)

Plantae

d)

Archaebacteria

51.

An organism that has a nucleus, is autotrophic, and multicellular is...

a)

Fungi

b)

Plantae

c)

Animalia

d)

Protista

52.

An organism that has a nucleus, lives in ponds, and is mostly unicellular belongs to what some scientists call the "Junk drawer". What DOMAIN does this organism belong to?

a)

Eubacteria

b)

Plantae

c)

Protista

d)

Animalia

53.

What type of cell do organisms that are less diverse, less complex, produce identical offspring, and are more abundant have?

a)

Akaryote

b)

Prokaryote

c)

Nonkaryote

d)

Eukaryote

54.

Organisms that are autotrophic have the following in common:____________________.

a)

They have mitochondria

b)

They have chlorophyll

c)

They have ribosomes

d)

They have cell membrane

55.

What do we call the part of the graph where the line starts to flatten out?

a)

carrying capacity

b)

logistical growth

c)

exponential growth

56.

Which line represents a population without a limiting factor?

a)

blue

b)

red

57.

What would happen if producers were removed from this food web?

a)

primary consumers would become primary producers

b)

Hunger Games

c)

there would not be anything for primary consumers to eat, so everything would start to die.

d)

nothing

58.

Which of these would be an immediate result of an increase in the number of producers in an ecosystem due to additional nutrient inputs?

a)

The overall rates of decomposition would increase as well.

b)

Predation levels on herbivores would reach new levels.

c)

Genetic drift would occur more often at the consumer level.

d)

There would be an increase in the amount of available energy.

59.

Which of the following food chains correctly lists a squirrel as a primary consumer?

a)

Acorn → Squirrel → Bobcat

b)

Bobcat → Squirrel → Butterfly

c)

Seeds → Squirrel → Bobcat → Wolf

d)

Flower → Lizard → Squirrel → Bobcat

e)

Nuts → Squirrel → Coyote → Mountain lion

60.

Which of these environmental changes can impact the stability of an ecosystem? (you can select more than one answer)

a)

A decrease in primary productivity

b)

An increase in foraging for food

c)

An increase in the available habitat

d)

A decrease in nutrient recycling

61.

A linear representation of the energy flow in an ecosystem is called —

a)

a food chain

b)

a food web

c)

a trophic level

d)

a food pyramid

62.

A sea worm will emerge out of its tube during high tide to find food. What type of adaptation is this?

a)

physical

b)

social

c)

behavioral

d)

physiological

63.

An angler fish produces light to attract prey. Producing light is what type of adaptation

a)

physical

b)

social

c)

behavioral

d)

physiological

64.

What process helps keep a consistent amount of salt and water in the fish's blood?

a)

Respiration

b)

Swim Bladder

c)

Eating

d)

Osmoregulation

65.

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?

a)

Thermoregulation

b)

Blood Pressure

c)

Childbirth

d)

Blood Sugar Levels

66.
Homeostasis
a)
allows for a wildly fluctuating internal environment
b)
is impossible in vertebrates
c)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
d)
is the maintenance of a relatively stable external environment and often incorporates a form of feedback regulation
67.
When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed.
a)
Positive Feedback Response
b)
Negative Feedback Loop 
68.
a body system that controls growth and homeostasis by secreting hormones from glands.
a)
skeletal system
b)
nervous system
c)
endocrine sytem
d)
integumentary system
69.
Negative Feedback Loops:
a)
amplify processes
b)
prevent small changes from getting larger
c)
are initiated during childbirth
d)
are found only in plants
70.

The reaction of the effector is called..

a)

response

b)

sensor

c)

stimulus

d)

set point

71.

A noticeable change in an organism's environment.

a)

control center

b)

response

c)

stimulus

d)

set point

72.

The feedback system that returns the body back to the normal set point.

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

d)

returnable

73.

What type of feedback system is described above?

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

d)

leofied

74.

What type of feedback system does the model represent?

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

d)

glyogen

75.

What is the stimulus in the model above?

a)

body temperature

b)

increase in body temperature

c)

decrease in body temperature

d)

blood vessels dilating

76.

What is the control center in the model above?

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

muscles

c)

thermoreceptors

d)

Blood vessels

77.

What is an effector in the model above?

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

sweat glands

c)

thermoreceptors

d)

sweating

78.

ADH

a)

Inhibits the absorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubule

b)

Inhibits the absorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule

c)

Increases the absorption of water in the proximal convoluted tubule

d)

Increases the absorption of water in the distal convoluted tubule

79.

ADH is created in the:

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Posterior Pituitary Gland

c)

Brain

d)

Kidney

80.

When ADH is secreted, urine will:

a)

Be more dilute

b)

Be more concentrated

c)

Have a larger volume

d)

All of the above

81.

When you drink a larger volume of water than is required by your body tissues:

a)

ADH secretion will be increased

b)

ADH secretion will be inhibited

c)

ADH secretion will not be affected

d)

None of the above

82.

Cells that detect high blood concentration are called:

a)

Chemoreceptors

b)

Osmoreceptors

c)

Thermoreceptors

d)

Nociceptors

83.

Insulin converts glucose to

a)

glucagon

b)

glycogen

c)

glycerol

d)

glucose

84.

Glucagon is

a)

a neurotransmitter

b)

released in response to high blood sugar

c)

secreted by α-cells

d)

secreted by β- cells

85.

Glucose does NOT come from

a)

diet

b)

glycolysis

c)

gluconeogenesis

d)

glycogenolysis

86.

Adrenaline leads to...

a)

glycogenolysis

b)

glycogenesis

c)

parasympathetic nerve stimulation

d)

pupil constriction

87.

Insulin's target cells =

a)

cells of the Islets of Langerhans

b)

cells of the hypothalamus

c)

epithelium of the ileum

d)

hepatocytes

88.

Glycogenesis

a)

Converting glycogen to glucose

b)

First stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration

c)

Synthesising glycogen from glucose

d)

Synthesising glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

89.

Mutualism refers to

a)

Interactions where both partners are adversely affected

b)

Relationship in which both species are mutually benefited

c)

Interaction where only one of the species is benefited

d)

None of these

90.
Which symbols best describe mutualism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
91.
Which symbols best describe parasitism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
92.
Which symbols best describe commensalism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
0,0
93.
A tick and a dog have this type of relationship.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
neutralism
d)
parasitism
94.
Cattle egrets are birds that forage in fields among cattle. The egrets get easy access to food and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
95.
Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that feed on parasites found on an impala. The impala gets rid of parasites and the red-billed oxpeckers get a yummy dinner. This is an example of _______.
a)
commensalism
b)
mutualism
c)
neutralism
d)
competition
96.

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Competition

c)

Parasitsm

d)

Commensalism

97.
Barnacles create home sites by attaching themselves to whales. This neither harms nor benefits the whales.
a)
Mutualsim 
b)
Parasitism 
c)
Commensalism 
98.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the spruce tree to the tree's detriment (harm). 
a)
Mutualsim 
b)
Parasitism 
c)
Commensalism 
99.

Two organisms that are so similar they can interbreed in nature and produce fertile offspring.

a)

biotic factor

b)

herbivore

c)

ecosystem

d)

species

100.

Silverfish live and hunt with army ants. They share the prey. They neither help nor harm the ants.

a)

Mutualism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Predation

101.
a relationship that occurs when two or more organims of the same species need the same resource at the same time
a)
competition
b)
symbiosis
c)
predation
102.

A cuckoo and a warbler are both birds. A cuckoo will find the nest of warbler instead of building her own, and she harms the warbler by knocking a warbler egg out of nest and laying her own. When the warbler mother returns, she isn’t aware of the switch. The warbler will then raise the baby cuckoo bird instead of her own baby. Which term best describes this relationship?

a)

Predation

b)

Parasitism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Mutualism

103.

Barnacles are sea creatures that create a home by attaching themselves to whales. The whales are unaffected by the barnacles. Which term best describes this symbiotic relationship?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Predation

d)

Mutualism

104.

Ostriches and gazelles are two animals that live in Africa. They graze for food near each other because they help each other spot predators. The gazelle has excellent eyesight, but poor hearing, and the ostrich has excellent hearing, but poor eyesight. These two animals will alert one another when danger is near. Which term best describes this relationship?

a)

Predation

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Parasitism

105.

Look at this image- What is the carrying capacity of this population?

a)

21

b)

5000

c)

2000

d)

1000

106.

What type of growth is represented by this graph?

a)

exponential

b)

logistic

107.
Largest number of individuals of a population that the environment can support...  
a)
carrying capacity
b)
population crash
c)
lag phase
d)
mutualism
108.

As resources become less available the growth of a population

a)

slows or stops

b)

decreases or increases

c)

up or down

d)

in or out

109.

Factor that causes population growth to decrease.

a)

growth factor

b)

limiting factor

c)

density factor

d)

environmental factor

110.
What is the variety of genes present?
a)
bidiversity
b)
species diversity
c)
extinction
d)
genetic diversity
111.
The number of different species and the abundance of each species in a biological community.
a)
genetic diversity
b)
ecosystem diversity
c)
extinction
d)
species diversity
112.
Which of these is NOT something conservation strategies must be based on?
a)
A thorough understanding of the principles of ecology
b)
The needs of the human population
c)
Projected increases in technological advancements
113.
The study of methods for protecting _____ is called conservation biology. 
a)
Global warming
b)
Animals
c)
Biodiverstiy
114.
Conservation biology provides ways to preserve _____. 
a)
Threatened and endangered species
b)
Human comfort
c)
Captive populations
115.
Climate change can lead to _______________.
a)
sea level rise and floods in coastal areas
b)
droughts
c)
spread of dengue fever and malaria
d)
all of the above
116.

Which of the following is a density-dependent factor?

a)

Disease

b)

Weather

c)

Volcanoes

d)

Earthquakes

117.

The term diversity means

a)

similarity

b)

variety

118.

The variety of life in an area that is determined by the number of different species in that area.

a)

Biodiversity

b)

Genetic diversity

c)

Species diversity

d)

Ecosystem diversity

119.

Which levels of hierarchy form the scientific name?

a)

Class and species

b)

Order and genus

c)

Phylum and species

d)

Genus and species

120.

Which kingdom is eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic?

a)

Animalia

b)

Fungi

c)

Eubacteria

d)

Protista

121.

You would find mushrooms in which kingdom?

a)

Plant

b)

Protists

c)

Fungi

d)

Animal

122.
Term given to describe the 2 name naming system is:
a)
dichotmous key
b)
binomial nomenclature
c)
2 scientific names
d)
binomial key
123.
What is the most specific level of classification?
a)
Family
b)
Domain
c)
Species
d)
Carolus Linnaeus
124.
What is the genus name here:
Canis lupus
a)
Canis
b)
lupus
125.
Mold, yeast, and mushrooms all belong to the Kingdom _______.
a)
Archaebacteria
b)
Fungi
c)
Eubacteria
d)
Protista
126.

Biologists who classify living things into groups are called

a)

Biologroupist

b)

Dichotomous

c)

Taxonomists

d)

Binomial

127.

This kingdom contains multicellular autotrophs.

a)

protist

b)

plant

c)

animal

d)

fungus

128.

These two kingdoms contain multicellular heterotrophs.

a)

fungus and plant

b)

plant and animal

c)

fungus and plant

d)

fungus and animals

129.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
130.
Which two orgainsms have hair? 
a)
Sharks & Ray Finned Fish
b)
Primates & Rodents
c)
Birds & Crocodiles
d)
Rabbits & Birds
131.
According to this cladogram, birds are LEAST related to: 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Sharks
c)
Ray Finned Fish
d)
Crocodiles
132.
No insulin is produced
a)
Type 1
b)
Type 2
133.

Type of diabetes characterized by insulin resistance

a)

Type I

b)

Type II

134.

how can you prevent Diabetes from happening?

a)

Eat a lot of fast foods

b)

exercise

c)

Eat a lot of candy

d)

Drink a lot of soda

135.
diabetes is a disease that affects your body's ability to produce or use ___.
a)
energy
b)
insulin
c)
oil
136.
The organ responsible for producing both insulin and glucagon is...
a)
Liver
b)
Heart
c)
Pancreas
d)
Gallbladder
137.
In Type 2 Diabetes...
a)
cells become resistant to insulin, pills are given to increase the sensitivity 
b)
insulin is always the first intervention
c)
patients are often underweight and undernourished
d)
diagnosis is usually before adolescence
138.
Insulin
a)
lowers your blood sugar levels
b)
blocks the sugar in your bloodstream from doing what it is supposed to do
c)
gives you diabetes
139.

High blood sugar level in the mother does not affect the fetus' sugar level.

a)

True

b)

False

140.

Gestational Diabetes usually disappears after pregnancy.

a)

True

b)

False

141.
What gland is this?
a)
Pancreas
b)
Pituitary
c)
Thyroid
d)
Parathyroid
142.
What gland is this?
a)
Pituitary
b)
Pancreas
c)
Adrenal
d)
Thyroid
143.
This occurs when a person secretes less Antidiuretic Hormone and they urinate excessively
a)
Diabetes Insipidus
b)
Diabetes Mellitus
c)
Menopause
d)
Hyperurinationism
144.
A group of cells that produces and secretes, or gives off, chemicals.
a)
Glands
b)
Hormones
c)
Cells
d)
thymus
145.
Chemical substances that act like messenger molecules in the body.  They influence almost every cell, organ, and function of bodies. Their function is to transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to another.
a)
Enzymes
b)
Hormones
c)
Cells
d)
Electrolytes
146.
A condition in which the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are excessively high 
a)
Hyperthyroidism
b)
Hypothyroidism
c)
Diabetes
d)
Growth Hormone abnormalities
147.
Condition when the levels of thyroid hormones in the blood are abnormally low.
a)
Cushing Sydrome
b)
Hyperthyroidism
c)
Hypothyroidism
d)
Diabetes
148.
Gland located in the front part of the lower neck, is shaped like a bow tie or butterfly produces thyroxine Plays a major role in the metabolism, growth and maturation of the human body. 
a)
Thyroid
b)
Pancreas
c)
Pituitary
d)
Adrenal
149.
Why might some plants that grow on the shady rain forest floor have large leaves?
a)
to stay safe from predators
b)
to attract different animals
c)
to survive harsh winters with heavy snowfall
d)
to take in as much sunlight as possible
150.
Cactus have a thick waxy coating on their stem that keeps them from drying out- is this a behavioral adaptation or physical adaptation?
a)
Behavioral adaptation
b)
Physical adaptation 
151.

Desert plants have adaptations for survival, such as -

a)

Stems and roots store water

b)

Leaves with waxy coating or hairy covering

c)

Fewer and smaller stomata

d)

All of these choices

152.

Why do tundra plants typically grow close to the ground?

a)

This allows their roots to grow very deep

b)

To prevent herbivores from eating them

c)

To avoid the wind and conserve heat

d)

All of these choices

153.
Gases pass in and out of a leaf through the what?
a)
vascular tissue
b)
mouth hole
c)
stomata
d)
cell wall
154.

____________ cells open and close the stomata

a)

palisade

b)

guard

c)

xylem

d)

epidermis

155.

What is excess water being released from the leaves called?

a)

transpiration

b)

perspiration

c)

chemosynthesis

d)

photosynthesis