NAD

FAD

Structure of ATP

Acts as the fuel for nearly all the metabolic reactions inside the cell

ATP

Chemical reactions performed by the coenzymes

Addition of electrons to a molecule

Removal of electrons or protons from coenzymes

Breakdown or digestion of large molecules, releases energy

Synthesis of larger molecules by joining smaller molecules, requires energy

________ is the process of oxidizing food molecules, like glucose, to carbon dioxide and water.

Energy in food molecules is released and converted to a form that can be used by the cell, which is ADP

The term respiration, is often used to mean breathing or simply “the process of inhaling and exhaling”

Cellular respiration is used to refer specifically to a series of enzymatic reactions that can occur in the presence or absence of oxygen and make energy available to the cell

Cellular Respiration has three types

_________ is cellular respiration that occurs in the presence of oxygen

_________ is cellular respiration that occurs in the absence of oxygen

Fermentation

Both types of cellular respiration begins with _________

Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, in essentially all organisms

Glycolysis

Choose the best answer.

I. Glycolysis needs an input of energy to begin.

II. It takes the energy in two ATP to start glycolysis.

Each of the acetyl-CoA molecules produced during the oxidation of pyruvic acid passes through a series of complex chemical reactions called __________

The acetyl group then combines with a four-carbon compound called ______

2 kinds of anaerobic respiration

Alcoholic fermentation in yeast is used in brewing and wine-making.

Some bacteria also undergo alcoholic fermentation under aerobic conditions

He concluded that plants make their own organic materials and do not get these from the soil.

He supported the findings of Priestly, and added that this air (oxygen) could only be restored by plants if the sun was shining

He was able to prove that light splits water, producing oxygen

He showed that a spring of mint would "restore" air that had been "injured" by a burning candle

Cannot synthesize their own food and depend on autotrophs and other organisms for their subsistence

Synthesize their own food

Which include green plants, and purple bacteria, and can utilize light energy to synthesize organic molecules

Which include some bacteria that can synthesize organic substances from the inorganic substances in their environment, and are not dependent on light energy

In photosynthesis, water is oxidized into oxygen, and then carbon dioxide is reduced into glucose.

LEAVES – major site of photosynthesis in yellow plants

Check the box if the statement is true

Light is EM radiation that has a wavelength within the range of 380-750 nm.

Light with a certain wavelength is seen by the human eye as a neutral color.

Light with a wavelength of 625 to 750 nm is seen ____

___________ are molecules that absorb photons of certain wavelengths only.

In plants, __________, is the major photosynthetic pigment. It absorbs violet and red light and reflects green and yellow light.

yellow-green pigment

The energy released from the breakdown of food and transferred in molecules is called _________

Light-dependent reactions

Light-independent reactions

2 light-independent reactions

This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme RuBP carboxylase/oxygenase, or rubisco

Requires ATP and involves a complex network of reactions

ATP and NADPH are used to convert the 3-PGA molecules into molecules of a three-carbon sugar, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)

Most abundant molecules of life

Building blocks of protein

Building blocks of life

Comprise most of the proteins in living cells

Simple Carbohydrates

Complex Carbohydrates

DDissolve in nonpolar substances and have

partial or complete insolubility in water

Have a phosphate base groups replacing one of the

fatty acids in a triglyceride

Have similar solubility properties as lipids but are

not fatty acids or esters

Complex lipids made up of sphingosine linked through a

complex polar head to one long fatty acid chain

Provides mechanism for translating DNA

language into the language of protein

biosynthesis

It is located in the chromosomes in the nucleus with a little found in the mitochondria and in chloroplasts