Which event is cyclic and predictable?

A high tide occurred at 6:00 a.m. at a beach on Long Island. The next high tide at this same beach would occur at approximately

The best evidence that Earth rotates on its axis is the changing

The curving of the planetary winds to the right in the Northern Hemisphere is evidence of

Which star is cooler and less luminous than the Sun?

Seasonal changes on Earth are primarily caused by the

A ship is at a location of 40° S 77° W. Which type of surface ocean current and tectonic plate boundary are located beneath this ship?

What best explains why, in early spring, ice remains longer on Lake Erie than on the surrounding land areas when the air temperature is above freezing?

What controls the direction of movement of most surface ocean currents?

Due to radioactive decay, an igneous rock sample now contains one-fourth of the amount of potassium-40 that it originally contained. The age, in years, of this rock sample is approximately

Which geologic event occured in New York State at about the same time as the extinction of dinosaurs and ammonoids?

The geologic cross section below shows bedrock layers A through D. Line XY is a fault.

The fault most likely occurred after

The Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current modify the climate of northwestern Europe by making the climate

What is the approximate density of a mineral with a mass of 262.2 grams that displaces 46 cubic centimeters of water?

Obsidian’s glassy texture indicates that it formed

What is the color and type of rock that forms oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges?

A plane traveling in a straight line from Watertown to Utica would fly over which landscape region?

Which graph best represents the correct relationship between the discharge of a river and the particle size that can be transported by that river?

The diagram below shows the relative positions of Earth and Mars in their orbits on a particular date during the winter of 2007.

Which diagram correctly shows the locations of Earth and Mars on the same date during the winter of 2008?

A cross section of a weather front is shown below.

Which symbol would be used to represent this front on a weather map?

According to the Big Bang theory, which graph best represents the relationship between time and the size of the universe from the beginning of the universe to the present?

Which map below shows the most likely storm track for a hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean?

The weather map below shows isobars labeled in millibars. Points A, B, C, and D are locations on Earth’s surface.

Which location was probably experiencing the highest wind speed?

The map below shows two seasonal positions of the polar front jet stream over North America.

Which statement best explains why the position of the polar front jet stream varies with the seasons?

The cross section below shows two cities, A and B, at different elevations.

Compared to the yearly temperature and precipitation at city B, city A most likely has

The graph below shows changes in carbon dioxide concentrations in Earth’s atmosphere over a 140-year period. Carbon dioxide concentrations are shown in parts per million (ppm).

This significant change in CO2 concentration is most likely caused by

The solar system object in the photograph below is 56 kilometers long.

The object in the photograph is most likely

Which graph best shows the range of density in each of Earth’s layers?

Which world map shows the locations where most earthquakes and volcanoes occur on Earth?

Which graph shows the general relationship between soil particle size and the capillarity of the soil?

The diagram below is a portion of a geologic timeline. Letters A through D represent the time intervals between the labeled events, as estimated by scientists.

Fossil evidence indicates that the earliest birds developed during which time interval?

The block diagram below shows a volcano.

Which map shows the stream drainage pattern that most likely formed on the surface of this volcano?

A cross section of Niagara Falls is shown below.

Which two rock units appear to be most resistant to weathering and erosion?

Which index fossil has been found in Ordovician-age bedrock?

Base your answers to questions 36 and 37 on the cross section below, which shows the type of seismic waves recorded at various locations after an earthquake has occurred. Point A is a location on Earth’s surface and X is the epicenter of the earthquake.

Point A is located 7600 kilometers from the epicenter of this earthquake. How many minutes did it take the first S-wave to reach point A?

The cross section below shows the type of seismic waves recorded at various locations after an earthquake has occurred. Point A is a location on Earth’s surface and X is the epicenter of the earthquake.

How many kilometers did the seismic waves travel from the earthquake directly to the outside of the outer core?

The diagram represents the inferred stages in the formation of our solar system. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The remaining stages show the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun.

Which force was mostly responsible for the contraction of the gas cloud?

The diagram represents the inferred stages in the formation of our solar system. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The remaining stages show the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun.

Which process was occurring during some of these stages that resulted in the formation of heavier elements from lighter elements?

The diagram represents the inferred stages in the formation of our solar system. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The remaining stages show the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun.

Approximately how long ago did stage 4 end and stage 5 begin?

The diagram represents the inferred stages in the formation of our solar system. Stage 1 shows a contracting gas cloud. The remaining stages show the gas cloud flattening into a spinning disk as planets formed around our Sun.

Compared to the terrestrial planets, the Jovian planets in stage 5 have

The map shows isobars and seven weather station models. Four of the weather stations are identified by letters A, B, C, and D.

Which New York State weather station had clear skies?

The map shows isobars and seven weather station models. Four of the weather stations are identified by letters A, B, C, and D.

Which weather station had the highest relative humidity?

The map shows isobars and seven weather station models. Four of the weather stations are identified by letters A, B, C, and D.

What was the probable air pressure, in millibars, at station D?

The map shows isobars and seven weather station models. Four of the weather stations are identified by letters A, B, C, and D.

Which weather information shown at station B was measured with an anemometer and weather vane?

The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature.

The elongated hills labeled R are most useful in determining the

The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature.

Which feature will most likely form when the partially buried ice block melts?

The diagram below shows the edge of a continental glacier that is receding. R indicates elongated hills. The ridge of sediments from X to Y represents a landscape feature.

The ridge of sediments from X to Y can best be described as

The photograph was taken by aiming a camera at a portion of the night sky above a New York State location and leaving the camera’s shutter open for a period of time to record star trails.

Which celestial object is shown in the photograph near the center of the star trails?

The photograph was taken by aiming a camera at a portion of the night sky above a New York State location and leaving the camera’s shutter open for a period of time to record star trails.

During the time exposure of the photograph, the stars appear to have moved through an arc of 120°. How many hours did this time exposure take?