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WorksheetsSummer 2021 Chemistry Final
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 50mins
Which field of science studies the composition and structure of matter?
Physics
Chemistry
Biology
Geology
The study of chemicals that, in general, do not contain carbon is traditionally called what type of chemistry?
Bio
Physical
Inorganic
Analytical
The study of chemicals containing carbon is traditionally called what type of chemistry?
Organic
Bio
Inorganic
Analytical
The study of the mechanisms, rates, and energy transfer of changes in matter is traditionally called what type of chemistry?
Organic
Physical
Inorganic
Analytical
Which of the following was a major contribution to chemistry by Antoine Lavoisier?
He showed that oxygen is required for material to burn.
He demonstrated the presence of phlogiston in air.
He encouraged scientists to form explanations based on philosophical arguments.
He developed the science of alchemy.
A theory is a ____.
proposed explanation for an observation
well-tested explanation for a broad set
of observations
summary of the results of many observations
procedure used to test a proposed explanation
The variable that is observed during an experiment is called what type of variable?
independent
manipulated
controlling
responding
All of the following are physical properties of matter EXCEPT ____.
mass
color
melting point
ability to rust
Which of the following are considered physical properties of a substance?
color and odor
melting and boiling points
malleability and hardness
all of the answers
A substance that forms a vapor is generally in what physical state at room temperature?
solid
liquid
gas
liquid or gas
Which state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of its container?
solid
liquid
gas
liquid and gas
Which state of matter is characterized by having an indefinite shape, but a definite volume?
solid
liquid
gas
none of the answers
Which of the following is a physical change?
corrosion
explosion
evaporation
rotting of food
Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?
vinegar in water
milk
oil and vinegar
air
Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture?
salt water
beef stew
sand and water
soil
Which of the following is true about compounds?
They can be physically separated into their component elements.
They have compositions that vary.
They are substances.
They have properties similar to those of their component elements.
A substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a(n) ____.
solution
element
mixture
compound
Which of the following materials is a substance?
air
gasoline
stainless steel
silver
Which of the following is used for chemical symbols today?
drawings
icons
letters
numbers
The chemical symbol for iron is ____.
fe
FE
Fe
Ir
Which of the following represents a compound?
H
H-3
H2O
O-16
What do chemical symbols and formulas represent, respectively?
elements and compounds
atoms and mixtures
compounds and mixtures
elements and ions
Which of the following is a chemical property?
color
hardness
freezing point
ability to react with oxygen
Which of the following is NOT a physical change?
grating cheese
melting cheese
fermenting of cheese
mixing two cheeses in a bowl
All of the following changes to a metal are physical changes EXCEPT ____.
bending
melting
rusting
polishing
Which of the following does NOT involve a physical change?
mixing
melting
grinding
decomposing
A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood ____.
is split
is painted
decays
is cut
When paper turns yellow-brown upon exposure to sunlight, what type of change is likely taking place?
a physical change
a chemical change
neither a physical change nor a chemical change
both a physical change and a chemical change
Which of the following indicates that a chemical change has happened during cooking?
The food darkens
Bubbles form in boiling water.
Butter melts.
Energy is transferred from the stove to a pan.
What happens to matter during a chemical reaction?
Matter is neither destroyed or created.
Some matter is destroyed.
Some matter is created.
Some matter is destroyed and some is created.
Which of the following is true for all chemical reactions?
The total mass of the reactants increases.
The total mass of the products is greater than the total mass of the reactants.
The total mass of the products is less than the total mass of the reactants.
The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
Who was the man who lived from 460B.C.–370B.C. and was among the first to suggest the idea of atoms?
Atomos
Dalton
Democritus
Thompson
Which of the following was NOT among Democritus’s ideas?
Matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.
Atoms are indivisible
Atoms retain their identity in a chemical reaction.
Atoms are indestructible
The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element is a(n) ____.
atom
electron
proton
neutron
Dalton's atomic theory included which idea?
All atoms of all elements are the same size.
Atoms of different elements always combine in one-to-one ratios.
Atoms of the same element are always identical
Individual atoms can be seen with a microscope.
Which of the following was originally a tenet of Dalton's atomic theory, but had to be revised about a century
ago?
Atoms are tiny indivisible particles.
Atoms of the same element are identical.
Compounds are made by combining atoms
Atoms of different elements can combine with one another in simple whole number
ratios.
Why did J. J. Thomson reason that electrons must be a part of the atoms of all elements?
Cathode rays are negatively-charged particles.
Cathode rays can be deflected by magnets
An electron is 2000 times lighter than a hydrogen atom.
Charge-to-mass ratio of electrons was the same, regardless of the gas used
Which of the following is true about subatomic particles?
Electrons are negatively charged and are the heaviest subatomic particle.
Protons are positively charged and the lightest subatomic particle.
Neutrons have no charge and are the lightest subatomic particle.
The mass of a neutron nearly equals the mass of a proton.
Who conducted experiments to determine the quantity of charge carried by an electron?
Rutherford
Millikan
Dalton
Thomson
What is the relative mass of an electron?
1/1840 the mass of a hydrogen atom
1/1840 the mass of a neutron + proton
1/1840 the mass of a C-12 atom
1/1840 the mass of an alpha particle
All atoms are ____.
positively charged, with the number of protons exceeding the number of electrons
negatively charged, with the number of electrons exceeding the number of protons
neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons
neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons, which is equal to
the number of neutrons
As a consequence of the discovery of the nucleus by Rutherford, which model of the atom is thought to be
true?
Protons, electrons, and neutrons are evenly distributed throughout the volume of the
atom.
The nucleus is made of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
Electrons are distributed around the nucleus and occupy almost all the volume of the
atom.
The nucleus is made of electrons and protons
The nucleus of an atom is ____.
the central core and is composed of protons and neutrons
positively charged and has more protons than neutrons
negatively charged and has a high density
negatively charged and has a low density
The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
neutrons
protons
electrons
protons and electrons
An element has an atomic number of 76. The number of protons and electrons in a neutral atom of the
element are ____.
152 protons and 76 electrons
76 protons and 0 electrons
38 protons and 38 electrons
76 protons and 76 electrons
Isotopes of the same element have different ____.
numbers of neutrons
numbers of protons
numbers of electrons
atomic numbers
Isotopes of the same element have different ____.
positions on the periodic table
chemical behavior
atomic numbers
mass numbers
The mass number of an element is equal to ____.
the total number of electrons in the nucleus
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
less than twice the atomic number
constant number for the lighter elements
How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom with atomic number 50 and mass number 125
contain?
50 protons, 50 electrons, 75 neutrons
75 electrons, 50 protons, 50 neutrons
120 neutrons, 50 protons, 75 electrons
70 neutrons, 75 protons, 50 electrons
How is the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom calculated?
Add the number of electrons and protons together
Subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons
Subtract the number of protons from the mass number
Add the mass number to the number of electrons.
Which of the following equals one atomic mass unit?
the mass of one electron
the mass of one helium-4 atom
the mass of one carbon-12 atom
one-twelfth the mass of one carbon-12 atom
Which of the following is necessary to calculate the atomic mass of an element?
the atomic mass of carbon-12
the atomic number of the element
the relative masses of the element’s protons and neutrons
the masses of each isotope of the element
In Bohr's model of the atom, where are the electrons and protons located?
The electrons move around the protons, which are at the center of the atom
The electrons and protons move throughout the atom
The electrons occupy fixed positions around the protons, which are at the center of the atom.
The electrons and protons are located throughout the atom, but they are not free to move.
How does the energy of an electron change when the electron moves closer to the nucleus?
It decreases
It increases
stays the same
it doubles
How many energy sublevels are in the second principal energy level?
1
2
3
4
What is the maximum number of electrons in the second principal energy level?
2
8
18
32
The shape (not the size) of an electron cloud is determined by the electron's ____.
energy sublevel
position
speed
principal quantum number
According to the aufbau principle, ____
an orbital may be occupied by only two electrons
electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spins
electrons enter orbitals of highest energy first
electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first
What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?
2
4
6
8
How many unpaired electrons are in a sulfur atom (atomic number 16)?
0
1
2
3
Stable electron configurations are likely to contain ____.
filled energy sublevels
fewer electrons than unstable configurations
unfilled s orbitals
electrons with a clockwise spin
Which color of visible light has the shortest wavelength?
yellow
green
blue
violet
Which of the following electromagnetic waves have the highest frequencies?
ultraviolet light waves
X-rays
microwaves
gamma rays
Emission of light from an atom occurs when an electron ____.
drops from a higher to a lower energy level
jumps from a lower to a higher energy level
moves within its atomic orbital
falls into the nucleus
What are quanta of light called?
charms
excitons
muons
photons
Which scientist developed the quantum mechanical model of the atom?
Albert Einstein
Erwin Schrodinger
Niels Bohr
Ernest Rutherford
Bohr's model could only explain the spectra of which type of atoms?
single atoms with one electron
bonded atoms with one electron
single atoms with more than one electron
bonded atoms with more than one electron
The quantum mechanical model of the atom ____.
defines the exact path of an electron around the nucleus
was proposed by Niels Bohr
involves the probability of finding an electron in a certain position
has many analogies in the visible world
Who predicted that all matter can behave as waves as well as particles?
Albert Einstein
Erwin Schrodinger
Max Planck
Louis de Broglie
According to the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, if the position of a moving particle is known, what other
quantity CANNOT be known?
mass
charge
spin
velocity
The wavelike properties of electrons are useful in ____.
defining photons
writing electron configurations
magnifying objects
determining the velocity and position of a particle
What is another name for the transition metals?
noble gases
Group A elements
Group B elements
Group C elements
Which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus?
carbon
magnesium
nitrogen
oxygen
Each period in the periodic table corresponds to ____.
a principal energy level
an energy sublevel
an orbital
a suborbital
The modern periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic ____.
mass
charge
number
radius
Who arranged the elements according to atomic mass and used the arrangement to predict the properties of
missing elements?
Henry Moseley
Antoine Lavoisier
John Dalton
Dmitri Mendeleev
Of the elements Pt, V, Li, and Kr, which is a nonmetal?
Pt
V
Li
Kr
The atomic number of an element is the total number of which particles in the nucleus?
neutrons
protons
electrons
protons and electrons
Which of the following is true about the electron configurations of the noble gases?
The highest occupied s and p sublevels are completely filled
The highest occupied s and p sublevels are partially filled
The electrons with the highest energy are in a d sublevel.
The electrons with the highest energy are in an f sublevel.
Elements that are characterized by the filling of p orbitals are classified as ____.
groups 3A through 8A
transition metals
inner transition metals
groups 1A and 2A
Which subatomic particle plays the greatest part in determining the properties of an element?
proton
electron
neutron
photon
Which of the following elements is a transition metal?
cesium
copper
tellurium
tin
What are the Group 1A and Group 7A elements examples of?
representative elements
transition elements
noble gases
nonmetallic elements
How does atomic radius change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table?
It tends to decrease
It tends to increase
It first increases, then decreases
It first decreases, then increases
How does atomic radius change from left to right across a period in the periodic table?
It tends to decrease
It tends to increase
It first increases, then decreases
It first decreases, then increases
Atomic size generally ____.
increases as you move from left to right across a period
decreases as you move from top to bottom within a group
remains constant within a period
decreases as you move from left to right across a period
What is the charge of a cation?
a positive charge
no charge
a negative charge
The charge depends on the size of the nucleus
Which of the following statements is true about ions?
Cations form when an atom gains electrons.
Cations form when an atom loses electrons
Anions form when an atom gains protons
Anions form when an atom loses protons
The metals in Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A ____.
gain electrons when they form ions
all form ions with a negative charge
all have ions with a 1+ charge
lose electrons when they form ions
Which of the following statements is NOT true about ions?
Cations are positively charged ions
Anions are common among nonmetals
Charges for ions are written as numbers followed by a plus or minus sign
When a cation forms, more electrons are transferred to it
What is the element with the highest electronegativity value?
cesium
helium
calcium
fluorine
Which of the following elements has the smallest ionic radius?
Li
K
O
S
What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous state called?
nuclear energy
ionization energy
shielding energy
electronegative energy
For Group 2A metals, which electron is the most difficult to remove?
the first
the second
the third
All the electrons are equally difficult to remove
Which of the following factors contributes to the decrease in ionization energy within a group in the periodic
table as the atomic number increases?
increase in atomic size
increase in size of the nucleus
increase in number of protons
fewer electrons in the highest occupied energy level
Which of the following elements has the smallest first ionization energy?
sodium
calcium
potassium
magnesium
Which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity?
Li
C
Br
F
Which statement is true about electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the ability of an anion to attract another anion.
Electronegativity generally increases as you move from top to bottom within a group.
Electronegativity generally is higher for metals than for nonmetals
Electronegativity generally increases from left to right across a period.
Which of the following factors contributes to the increase in ionization energy from left to right across a period?
an increase in the shielding effect
an increase in the size of the nucleus
an increase in the number of protons
fewer electrons in the highest occupied energy level
As you move from left to right across the second period of the periodic table ____.
ionization energy increases
atomic radii increase
electronegativity decreases
atomic mass decreases
