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WorksheetsEnd of Year Review
Total questions: 102
Worksheet time: 3hrs 24mins
The gold foil experiment led to the conclusion that each atom in the foil was composed mostly of empty space because most alpha particles directed at the foil
passed through the foil
remained trapped in the foil
were deflected by the nuclei in gold atoms
were deflected by the electrons in gold atoms
Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of a carbon atom?
protons, only
neutrons, only
protons and neutrons
protons and electrons
A neutron has a charge of
+1
+2
0
-1
Which particle has the least mass?
alpha
beta particle
neutron
proton
A sample of matter must be copper if
each atom in the sample has 29 protons
atoms in the sample react with oxygen
the sample melts at 1768 K
the sample can conduct electricity
The elements of the Periodic Table are arranged on order of increasing
atomic number
mass number
number of isotopes
number of moles
Which element has the highest melting point?
tantalum
osmium
rhenium
hafnium
In chemical reactions, there is a conservation of
energy, volume and mass
energy, volume and charge
energy, charge and mass
energy, charge and volume
At STP, both diamond and graphite are solids composed of carbon atoms. These solids have
the same crystal structure and same properties
the same crystal structure and different properties
different crystal structure and same properties
different crystal structure and different properties
The gram formula mass of a compound is 48 grams. The mass of 1.0 moles of this compound is
1.0 g
4.8 g
48.0 g
480 g
Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:
Cl2 --> Cl + Cl
A bond is broken and energy is absorbed
A bond is broken and energy is released
A bond is formed and energy is absorbed
A bond is formed and energy is released
Which atom has the weakest attraction for the electrons in a bond with an H atom?
Cl atom
F atom
O atom
S atoms
Which substance cannot be broken down by a chemical change?
ammonia
mercury
propane
water
At standard pressure, how do the boiling point and freezing point of NaCl(aq) compare to the boiling point and freezing point of H2O(l)?
both the boiling point and the freezing point of NaCl(aq) are lower
both the boiling point and the freezing point of H2O(l)are lower
the boiling point of NaCl(aq) is lower and the freezing point of NaCl(aq) is higher
the boiling point of NaCl(aq) is higher and the freezing point of NaCl(aq) is lower
The temperature of a sample of matter is a measure of the
average kinetic energy of its particles
average potential energy of its particles
total kinetic energy of it particles
total potential energy of its particles
According to the kinetic molecular theory, the particles of an ideal gas
have no potential energy
have strong intermolecular forces
are arranged in a regular, repeated geometric pattern
are separated by great distances, compared to their size
In a chemical reaction, the difference between the potential energy of the products and the potential energy of the reactants is equal to the
activation energy
kinetic energy
heat of reaction
rate of reaction
For a given chemical reaction, the addition of a catalyst provides a different pathway that
decreases the reaction rate and has a higher activation energy
decreases the reaction rate and has a lower activation energy
increases the reaction rate and has a higher activation energy
increases the reaction rate and has a lower activation energy
Which atom can bond with each other to form chains, rings or networks?
carbon atoms
hydrogen atoms
oxygen atoms
nitrogen atoms
A molecule of an unsaturated hydrocarbon must have
at least on single carbon-carbon bond
at least one multiple carbon-carbon bond
two or more single carbon-carbon bonds
two or more multiple carbon-carbon bonds
Which compounds are classified as electrolytes?
alcohols
alkynes
organic acids
saturated hydrocarbons
Potassium hydroxide is classified as an Arrhenius base because KOH contains
OH- ions
O2- ions
K+ ions
H+ ions
In which laboratory process is a volume of solution of known concentration used to determine the concentration of another solution?
deposition
distillation
filtration
titration
According to one acid-base theory, an acid is an
H+ acceptor
H+ donor
OH- acceptor
OH- donor
Energy is released during the fission of Pu-239 atoms as a result of the
formation of covalent bonds
formation of ionic bonds
conversion of matter to energy
conversion of energy to matter
Atoms of I-131 spontaneously decay when the
stable nuclei emit alpha particles
stable nuclei emit beta particles
unstable nuclei emit alpha particles
unstable nuclei emit beta particles
Compared to the atoms of a nonmetal in Period 3, the atoms of metals in Period 3 have
fewer valence electrons
more valence electrons
fewer electron shells
more electron shells
Which elements are malleable and good conductors of electricity?
iodine and silver
iodine and xenon
tin and silver
tin and xenon
Which atom in the ground state requires the least amount of energy to remove its valence electron?
lithium atom
potassium atom
rubidium atom
sodium atom
What is the chemical formula of iron(III) sulfide?
FeS
Fe2S3
FeSO3
Fe2(SO3)3
What is the percent composition by mass of sulfur in the compound MgSO4 (gram-formula mass =120. grams per mole)?
20.%
27%
46%
53%
Which compound becomes less soluble in water as the temperature of the solution is increased?
HCl
KCl
NaCl
NH4Cl
Given the two formulas representing the same compound:
Formula A --> CH3
Formula B --> C2H6
Which statement describes these formulas?
Formulas A and B are both empirical.
Formulas A nd B are both molecular.
Formula A is empirical and Formula B is molecular.
Formula A is molecular and Formula B is empirical.
Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:
Zn(s) +H2SO2(aq) --> ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g)
What type of reaction is represented by this equation?
decomposition
double replacement
single replacement
synthesis
In a laboratory where the air is 22oC, a steel cylinder at 100.oC is submerged in water at 40.oC. In this system, heat flow from
both the air and the water to the cylinder
both the cylinder and the air to the water
the air to the water and from the water to the cylinder
the cylinder to the water and from the water to the air
Which temperature change would cause a sample of an ideal gas to double in volume while the pressure is held constant?
from 400.K to 200.K
from 200.K to 400.K
from 400.oC to 200.oC
from 200.oC to 400.oC
A 36-gram sample of water has an initial temperature of 22oC. After the sample absorbs 1200 joules of heat energy, the final temperature of the sample is
8.0oC
14oC
30.oC
55oC
Which statement explains why Br2 is a liquid at STP and I2 is a solid at STP?
Molecules of Br2 are polar, and molecules of I2 are nonpolar.
Molecules of I2 are polar, and molecules of Br2 are nonpolar.
Molecules of Br2 have stronger intermolecular forces than molecules of I2.
Molecules of I2 have stronger intermolecular forces than molecules of Br2.
Which balanced equation represents an oxidation-reduction reaction?
Ba(NO3)2 + Na2SO4 ==> BaSO4 + 2NaNO3
H3PO4 + 3KOH ==> K3PO4 + 3H2O
Fe(s) + S(s) ==> FeS(s)
NH3(aq) + HCl(aq) ==> NH4Cl(s)
Which solution reacts with LiOH(aq) to produce a salt and water?
KCl(aq)
CaO(aq)
NaOH(aq)
H2SO4(aq)
Which volume of 2.0M NaOH(aq) is need to completely neutralize 24 milliliters of 1.0M HCl(aq)?
6.0mL
12mL
24mL
48mL
Which type of reaction releases the greatest amount of energy per mole of reactant?
combustion
decomposition
nuclear fusion
oxidation-reduction
Which particles are found in the nucleus of an argon atom?
protons & neutrons
protons & electrons
positrons & neutrons
positrons & electrons
The mass of an electron is
equal to the mass of a proton
equal to the mass of a neutron
greater than the mass of a proton
less than the mass of a neutron
Compared the energy of an electron in the second shell of an atom of sulfur, the energy of an electron in the
first shell is lower
first shell is the same
third shell is lower
third shell is the same
In the ground state, an atom of which element has seven valence electrons?
sodium
phosphorous
nitrogen
fluorine
Which information is sufficient to differentiate a sample of sodium from a sample of silver?
the mass of each sample
the volume of each sample
the reactivity of each sample with water
the phase of each sample at room temperature
As the first five elements in group 14 are considered in order from top to bottom, there are changes in both the
number of valence shell electrons and number of first shell electrons
electronegativity values and number of first shell electrons
number of valence shell electrons and atomic radii
electronegativity values and atomic radii
Which statement explains why NaBr is classified as a compound?
Na and Br are chemically combined in a fixed proportion
Na and Br are both nonmetals.
NaBr is a solid at 298K and standard pressure.
NaBr dissolves in H2O at 298K.
Which two terms represent types of chemical formulas?
fission and fusion
oxidation and reduction
empirical and structural
endothermic and exothermic
During all chemical reactions, charge mass and energy are
condensed
conserved
decayed
decomposed
The degree of polarity of a covalent bond between two atoms is determined by calculating the difference in their
atomic radii
melting points
electronegativities
ionization energies
Which substance can NOT be broken down by a chemical change?
ammonia
magnesium
methane
water
Which statement describes the components of a mixture?
Each component gains new properties.
Each component loses original properties.
The proportion of components can vary.
The proportion of components cannot vary.
Table sugar can be separated from a mixture of table sugar and sand at STP by adding
sand, stirring, and distilling at 100.oC
sand, stirring, and filtering
water, stirring, and distilling at 100.oC
water, stirring, and filtering
Which statement describes the particles of an ideal gas, based on the kinetic molecular theory?
The volume of the particles is considered negligible.
The force of attraction between the particles is strong.
The particles are closely packed in a regular, repeating pattern.
The particles are separated by small distances, relative to their size.
During which two processes does the structure of a substance release energy?
freezing and condensation
freezing and melting
evaporation and condensing
evaporation and melting
Base of Table I, which compound dissolves in water by an exothermic process?
NaCl
NaOH
NH4Cl
NH4NO3
At STP, which property of a molecular substance is determined by the arrangement of its molecules?
half-life
molar mass
physical state
percent composition
Chemical systems in nature tend to undergo changes towards
lower energy and lower entropy
lower energy and higher entropy
higher energy and higher entropy
higher energy and lower entropy
What is the general formula from the homologous series that includes ethene?
CnH2n
CnH2n-2
CnH2n-6
CnH2n+2
When an F atom becomes an F- ion, the F atom
gains a proton
loses a proton
gains an electron
loses an electron
In which type of nuclear reaction do two light nuclei combine to produce a heavier nucleus?
positron emission
gamma emission
fission
fusion
Using equal masses of reactants, which statement describes the relative amounts of energy released during a chemical reaction and a nuclear reaction?
The chemical and nuclear reactions release the same amount of energy.
The nuclear reaction releases half the amount of energy of the chemical reaction.
The chemical reaction releases more energy of the nuclear reaction.
The nuclear reaction releases more energy of the chemical reaction.
The ration of the mass of U-238 to the mass of Pb-206 can be used to
diagnose thyroid disorders
diagnose kidney function
date geological events
date once-living organisms
Which electron configuration represents an atom of chlorine in an excited state?
2-8-7-2
2-8-7
2-8-8
2-7-8
A student measures the mass and volume of a sample of aluminum at room temperature, and calculates the density of Al to be 2.85 grams per cubic centimeter. Based on Table S, what is the percent error for the student's calculated density of Al?
2.7%
5.3%
5.6%
95%
Magnesium and calcium have similar properties because their atoms in the ground state have
equal numbers of protons and electrons
equal numbers of protons and neutrons
two electrons in the first shell
two electrons in the outermost shell
As the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are considered in order from left to right, which property generally decreases?
atomic radius
electronegativity
ionization energy
nuclear charge
Given the balanced equation for the reaction between butane and oxygen:
2C4H10 + 13O2 --> 8CO2 + 10 H2O + Energy
How many moles of carbon dioxide are produced when 5.0 moles of butane react completely?
5.0 mol
10. mol
20. mol
40. mol
What is the percent composition by mass of nitrogen in the compound N2H4 (gram-formula mass = 32 g/mol).
13%
44%
88%
93%
Which ion in the ground state has the same electron configuration as an atom of neon in the ground state?
Ca2+
Cl-
Li+
O2-
What is the amount of heat absorbed when the temperature of 75 grams of water increases from 20.oC to 35oC?
1100J
4700J
6300J
11000J
Which sample of HCl(aq) reacts at the fastest rate with a 1.0-gram sample of iron filings?
10. mL of 1 M HCl(aq) at 10oC
10. mL of 1 M HCl(aq) at 25oC
10. mL of 3 M HCl(aq) at 10oC
10. mL of 3 M HCl(aq) at 25oC
Given the equation representing system at equilibrium:
N2O4(g) <==> 2NO2(g)
Which statement describes the concentration of the two gases in this system
The concentration of N2O4(g) must be less than the concentration of NO2(g).
The concentration of N2O4(g) must be greater than the concentration of NO2(g).
The concentration of N2O4(g) and the concentration of NO2(g) must be equal.
The concentration of N2O4(g) and the concentration of NO2(g) must be constant.
Which equation represents fermentation?
C2H4 + H2O -> CH3CH2OH
C2H4 +HCl --> CH3CH2Cl
C6H12O6 --> 2CH3CH2OH + CO2
2CH3CHO --> C3H5CHO + H2O
Given the equation representing a reaction:
3CuCl2 + 2Al --> 3 Cu + 2 AlCl3
The oxidation number of copper changes from
+1 to 0
+2 to 0
+2 to +1
+6 to +3
Given the equation representing a reversible reaction:
CH3COOH + H2O <=> CH3COO- + H3O+
According to one acid-base theory, the two H+ donors in the equation are:
CH3COOH and H2O
CH3COOH and H3O+
CH3COO- and H2O
CH3COO- and H3O+
How do the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the third shell of an atom compare to the energy and the most probable location of an electron in the first shell of the same atom?
In the third shell, an electron has more energy and is closer to the nucleus.
In the third shell, an electron has more energy and is farther from the nucleus.
In the third shell, an electron has less energy and is closer to the nucleus.
In the third shell, an electron has less energy and is farther from the nucleus.
Which element has both metallic and nonmetallic properties?
Rb
Rn
Si
Sr
Matter that is composed of two or more different elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion is classified as
a compound
an isotope
a mixture
a solution
Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:
2CO(g) + O2(g)<==> 2CO2(g)
What is the mole ratio of CO(g) to CO2(g) in this reaction?
1:1
1:2
2:1
3:2
Which formula represents an ionic compound?
H2
CH4
CH3OH
NH4Cl
An ion of which element has a larger radius than an atom of the same element?
aluminum
chlorine
magnesium
sodium
Which statement must be true when solution equilibrium occurs?
The solution is at STP.
The solution is supersaturated.
The concentration of the solution remains constant.
The masses of the dissolved solute
Which liquid has the highest vapor pressure at 75°C?
ethanoic acid
ethanol
propanone
water
What is the total number of different elements present in NH4NO3?
7
9
3
4
At STP, which sample contains the same number of molecules as 11.2 liters of CO2(g) at STP?
5.6 L of NO2(g)
7.5 L of H2(g)
11.2 L of N2(g)
22.4 L of CO(g)
A sample of gas is held at constant pressure. Increasing the Kelvin temperature of this gas sample causes the average kinetic energy of its molecules to
decrease and the volume of the gas sample to decrease
decrease and the volume of the gas sample to increase
increase and the volume of the gas sample to decrease
increase and the volume of the gas sample to increase
A molecule of butane and a molecule of 2-butene both have the same total number of
carbon atoms
hydrogen atoms
single bonds
double bonds
Which two compounds are isomers of each other?
CH3CH2COOH and CH3COOCH2CH3
CH3CH2CHO and CH3COCH3
CH3CHBrCH3 and CH2BrCHBrCH3
CH3CHOHCH3 and CH3CHOHCH2OH
Which nuclear emission has the greatest penetrating power?
alpha particle
beta particle
gamma radiation
positron
What is the net charge on an ion that has 9 protons, 11 neutrons, and 10 electrons?
1+
2+
1-
2-
How do the atomic radius and metallic properties of sodium compare to the atomic radius and metallic properties of phosphorus?
Sodium has a larger atomic radius and is more metallic.
Sodium has a larger atomic radius and is less metallic.
Sodium has a smaller atomic radius and is more metallic.
Sodium has a smaller atomic radius and is less metallic.
A compound has a molar mass of 90. grams per mole and the empirical formula CH2O. What is the molecular formula of this compound?
CH2O
C2H4O2
C3H6O3
C4H8O4
At standard pressure, a certain compound has a low boiling point and is insoluble in water. At STP, this compound most likely exists as
ionic crystals
metallic crystals
nonpolar molecules
polar molecules
Which group on the Periodic Table of the Elements contains elements that react with oxygen to form compounds with the general formula X2O?
Group 1
Group 2
Group 14
Group 18
An unsaturated solution is formed when 80. grams of a salt is dissolved in 100. grams of water at 40.°C. This salt could be
KCl
KNO3
NaCl
NaNO3
Which kelvin temperature is equal to 56°C?
-329 K
-217 K
217 K
329 K
Given the balanced equation representing a reaction:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq)==>H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)
Which set of reaction conditions produces H2(g) at the fastest rate?
a 1.0-g lump of Zn(s) in 50. mL of 0.5 M HCl(aq) at 20.oC
a 1.0-g lump of Zn(s) in 50. mL of 0.5 M HCl(aq) at 30.oC
1.0 g of powdered Zn(s) in 50. mL of 1.0 M HCl(aq) at 20.oC
1.0 g of powdered Zn(s) in 50. mL of 1.0 M HCl(aq) at 30.oC
What is the pH of a solution that has a hydronium ion concentration 100 times greater than a solution with a pH of 4?
5
2
3
6
Which pH value is consistent with the indicator results of:
methyl orange - yellow
litmus - red
1
5
3
10
