Soil component with extreme small size and large area, capable of absorbing cations and water

A type of soil colloid that is not crystalline and the negative charges of humus are associated with partially dissociated enolic (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH) and phenolic (-OH) groups.

A type of soil colloid that composed of silicate clays and oxide clays, amorphous clays.

Type of silicate clay minerals that is when saturated with water, basal spacing between layers can approach 20 degrees Amper.

A type of silicate clay minerals that capable only of limited expansion ; swells less than montmorillonite because of higher layer charge.

The El Nino phenomenon created a global problem on agriculture. This problem is manifested by wide cracks in soil. The cracks are due to be predominance of

Which has the highest pH dependent negative charges?

This consists of living organisms, dead plants and animal residues and other organic materials in various phases of decomposition.

A dark, complex mixture of organic substances modified from original organic tissue. Not biologically active and is pool responsible for many of the soil chemical and physical properties associated with soil organic matter and soil quality.

The cation exchange capacity of soil is a mixture of

The process whereby ions adsorbed on the surface of the soil colloids are exchanged from ions in the soil solution

Soil acidity is due to the presence of these both elements in the soil.

A form of soil acidity due to H+ ion in the soil solution.

A form of soil acidity due to H+ and Al3+ in the solid phase, measure of the buffering capacity of the soil.

The ability of the soil to resist sudden or drastic changes in pH.

A soil chemical property which largely controls nutrient availability and microbial activities.

It is considered as one of the causes of soil acidity.

In order to correct the acidity of the soil, farmer must apply

These are the effects of lime into the soil EXCEPT.

To be more effective, a liming material should be applied at the proper time. This is usually done at

The most common form of agricultural lime available in the market

In sodic soils, because of the extreme alkalinity resulting from the high sodium content, the surface soil is usually discolored by the dispersed humus that can be carried upward by the capillary water and deposited when it evaporates, hence, the name.

It is a kind of salt-affected soils that has high exchangeable sodium percentage causing the soil to be dispersed,thus, making it slowly permeable or impermeable to water.

In the reclamation of salt-affected soil, the salt content of Saline soils must be lowered and one way is through leaching. In this method, it is desirable to use water of ____________ for leaching out soils.

Flooding of most rice fields causes the PH to move towards neutrality and as a consequence the availability of nutrients increases, hence, they do not need lime if they are flooded and puddle for rice production.

Deficiency indicates low level of nutrient elements while, this term indicates excessive level of nutrient elements in the plant or soil.

The deficiency of element makes it impossible for the plant to complete its life cycle.

The hydrolytic decomposition of proteins and the released of amines and amino acids.

A process of converting nitrogen form inorganic to organic forms rendering it available to plants.

A process of converting nitrogen from organic to inorganic forms rendering it available to plants.

This type of organism derives their food from light (photosynthesis) or from inorganic oxidation reaction.

Thus type of micro-organism mostly present in moist, sandy soils as they have large pores to accommodate the swimming activities of these highly mobile in the soil. This is commonly called thread worms as eel worms.

It is a single celled prokaryotic organism having no distinct nucleus.

The most efficient organic matter decomposer under acidic soil conditions.

This refers to the inherent capacity of the soil to provide nutrients to plants in the right and correct proportion.

Is a capacity of the soil for producing plants or sequence of plants under a specified system of management.

This process is largely dependent on the growth of roots in a soil

Is a movement of ions with soil water. It occurs when solute are transported with the convective flow of water from soil to plant roots.

These are common methods of cropping system that can conserved soil and water EXCEPT.

A type of soil fertility evaluation usually done in the farmers' field to assess the effect of fertilizers and their interactions with all existing factors of growth and development in any given location.

A method of soil fertility evaluation whereby soil nutritional status is known before crop is planted.

This is the minimum guarantee of plant nutrient contents in fertilizer materials in terms of percentage of total N, P2O5 and K2O. Example 14-14-14

A type of inorganic fertilizer that contains the three(3) major elements (N, P2O5 and K2O)

It is a method of fertilizer application that farmers dissolve the solid fertilizer materials in water and then apply it as spray to the plants.

In buying organic fertilizers, it is best to know the following EXCEPT.

A comprehensive soil classification system developed by the soil survey staff of the USA.

The lowest category in the soil taxonomy is

The most detailed category in soil taxonomy is

A term related to the soil moisture regime That is sufficient moisture during the growing season only.

A term related to the soil moisture regime That is dry at least half of the growing season.

Soil order with no diagnostic horizons

A well-developed soil with low base status (acidic) in forest and upland areas in the warm tropics

A type of soil survey that it's main concern is the management of the soil scale of maps produced a range from 1:5,000 to 1:15, 000.

A type of soil survey that its main purpose is to obtain a rapid general appraisal of an area to determine possible studies to conduct or to locate suitable sites for a development project.

It is the ability of the rain to cause soil erosion.

The soils'inherent susceptibility to erosion.

Water is one of the agents in soil erosion, which of the following did water belong?

This refers to any erosion control practices such as contouring, strip cropping, terracing, mulching etc?

These are ways of controlling soil erosion EXCEPT.