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Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
A Fab fragment consists of?
two H chains
two L chains
one L chain and one-half of an H chain
one L chain and an entire H chain
All of the following are true of IgM except that it
can not cross the placenta
fixes complement
has a J chain
Is a secondary response antibody
A heterophile antigen is one that?
is a self-antigen
exists in unrelated plants or animals
has been used previously to stimulate antibody response
is from the same species but is different from the host
All of the following describe an epitope except?
Same as an antigenic determinant site
Area of an immunogen recognized by T cells
Consists of sequential amino acids only
key portion of the immunogen
Skin, lactic acid secretions, stomach acidity, and the motion of cilia represent which type of immunity?
Natural
Acquired
Adaptive
Autoimmunity
Which of the following can be attributed to Edward Jenner?
Discovery of opsonins
Research on cross immunity
First attenuated vaccines
Discovery of the ABO blood groups
Which of the following plays an important role as an external defense mechanism?
Phagocytosis
C-reactive protein
Tears
Complement
Detection of which of the following substances is most useful to monitor the course of a patient with testicular cancer?
CEA
BRCA 1
AFP
Level of testosterone
Which of the following has been associated with patients who have homozygous C3 deficiency?
undetectable hemolytic complement activity in the serum
systemic lupus erythematosus
no detectable disease
a lifelong history of life-threatening infections
A benign monoclonal gammopathy:
usually is associated with a decrease in other immunoglobulins
occasionally is associated with radiographic bone lesions
occurs in approximately 10% of people over the age of 70
usually is of the IgM class
Incompatibility by which of the following procedures is an absolute contraindication to allotransplantation?
MHC
HLA typing
Rh typing
ABO Grouping
What is a general definition for autoimmunity?
Increase of tolerance to self-antigens
Loss of tolerance to self-antigens
Increase in clonal deletion of mutant cells
Manifestation of immunosuppression
Which of the following methods is least likely to give a definitive result for the diagnosis of RA?
Nephelometric measurement of anti-IgG
Anti CCP
Agglutination testing for rheumatoid factor
Immunofluorescence testing for antinuclear antibodies
Which disease might be indicated by antibodies to smooth muscle?
Atrophic gastritis
Autoimmune hepatitis
Myasthenia gravis
Sjögren’s syndrome
What is the main use of laboratory tests to detect antibodies to islet cells and insulin in cases of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)?
To regulate levels of injected insulin
To diagnose IDDM
To rule out the presence of other autoimmune diseases
To screen susceptible individuals prior to destruction of βcells
Which of the following is a description of a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Ragweed antigen cross links with IgE on the surface of mast cells, causing release of preformed mediators and resulting in symptoms of an allergic reaction
Anti-Fya from a pregnant woman crosses the placenta and attaches to the Fya antigen-positive red cells of the fetus, destroying the red cells
Immune complex deposition occurs on the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney, leading to renal failure
Exposure to poison ivy causes sensitized T cells to release lymphokines that cause a localized inflammatory reaction
Why is skin testing the most widely used method to test for a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
It may be used to predict the development of further allergen sensitivity
It is more likely to be positive for IgE-specific allergens than other methods
It has greater sensitivity than in vitro measurements
It causes less trauma and is more cost effective than other methods
A patient who is blood group O is accidentally transfused with group A blood and develops a reaction during the transfusion. What antibody is involved in this type II reaction?
IgM
IgE
IgG and IgE
IgG
Which of the following symptoms in a young child may indicate an immunodeficiency syndrome?
Anaphylactic reactions
Recurrent bacterial, fungal, and viral infections
Severe rashes and myalgia
Weight loss, rapid heartbeat, breathlessness
What type of disorders would show a decrease in C3, C4, and CH50?
Autoimmune disorders such as SLE and RA
Immunodeficiency disorders such as common variable immunodeficiency
Tumors
Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections
A carbohydrate antigen 125 assay (CA-125) was performed on a woman with ovarian cancer. After treatment, the levels fell significantly. An examination performed later revealed the recurrence of the tumor, but the CA 125 levels remained low. How can this finding be explained?
Test error
CA-125 was the wrong laboratory test; α-fetoprotein (AFP) is a better test to monitor ovarian cancer
CA-125 may not be sensitive enough when used alone to monitor tumor development
CA-125 is not specific enough to detect only one type of tumor
Hereditary deficiency of late complement components (C5, C6, C7, or C8) can be associated with which of the following conditions?
pneumococcal septicemia
systemic lupus erythematosus
small bowel obstruction
gonococcemia
Combined immunodeficiency disease with loss of muscle coordination is referred to as:
DiGeorge's syndrome
ataxia telangiectasia
Bruton'sagamrnaglobulinemia
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody is most often associated with this condition:
Goodpasture's disease
celiac disease
chronic active hepatitis
systemic lupus erythematosus
Antigen receptors on T lymphocytes bind HLA class II molecules with the help of which accessory molecule?
CD2
CD3
CD4
CD8
CD25
Patients at risk for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) include each of the following, except recipients of
bone marrow transplants
liver transplants
lung transplants
irradiated leukocytes.
All are 3 genes related to HIV except?
env
pol
gag
gap
This is the first antibody to appear and usually has high titer in Hepa B carriers.
Anti-HBs
Anti-HBc
Anti-HBe
Anti-HBsAg
The principle of Paul Bunnel and Davisohn differential test for Infectious Mononucleosis is?
Flocculation
Neutralization
Precipitation
Agglutination
Inhibition
What is the recommended supplemental tests used in lyme disease?
PCR
ELISA
ICT
Agglutination
Western Blot
This virus is not infectious and cannot replicate without HBV-helper functions.
Hepatitis E
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis C
Hepatitis F
Which cells are affected by infection with infectious mononucleosis?
B Cells
NK Cells
T cells
Macrophages
This is not included in the hepatitis profile because it is found in the nuclei of hepatocytes.
Anti-HBc
HBcAg
Anti-HBe
HBeAg
HBsAg
Ratio of CD8 to CD4 on patients with AIDS?
1:2
2:1
1:3
3:1
Cytokine produced mainly by macrophages
IL-1
IL-2
IL-6
IL-12
It is a non-specific indicator of inflammation believed to be an antibody to the C-polysaccharide of pneumococci:
Alpha1-antitrypsin
C-reactive protein
Serum amyloid A
Ceruloplasmin
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) shows a change in the ratio of:
T/B cells
B1/B2 cells
Albumin/Globulin
CD4+/CD8+ cells
What is the major component of natural humoral immunity?
Immunoglobulins
Complement
B cells
Cytokines
Most commonly used label in ELISA:
HRP
FITC
G6PD
Leoconostoc mesentroides
A device used to measure radioactivity in radioimmunoassay
Spectrophotometer
radiometer
Scintillation counter
Fluorometer
The air temperature throughout the serology laboratory is 20OC. How will this affect RPR test result?
No effect – the acceptable test range is 20-24OC
Weaken reactions so that false negatives occur
Strengthen reactions so that positive titers appear elevated
Increase the number of false positives from spontaneous clumping
Associated with increased serum alpha1-fetoprotein level:
1. Testicular cancer 3. Pancreatic carcinoma
2. Hepatocellular carcinoma 4. Prostatic carcinoma
1 and 2
1, 2 and 3
3 and 4
1, 2 and 4
What disease is indicated by a high titer of anti-centromere antibodies?
Scleroderma
Sclerodactyly
MCTD
SLE
Bamboo Spine Disease
If only anti-HBs is positive, which of the following can be ruled out?
HBV vaccination
Distant past infection with HBV
HBIG injection
Chronic HBV infection
The Widal and Weil-Felix reactions are examples of techniques to detect:
Heterophile antibodies
Febrile agglutinins
Reagin
Forssman antigen
ASO antibody
The reactions on DNA-methyl green substrates when testing for the presence of anti-DNase are:
(+) Blue, (-) Yellow
(+) Red, (-) Orange
(+) Green, (-) Colorless
(+) Purple, (-) Yellow
Patients with syphilis develop an antibody response to a substance known as
Reagin
Complement
Cardiolipin
Hemolysin
The alternative pathway of the complement cascade is initiated by:
1. IgG and IgM
2. Aggregates of IgA
3. Yeast cell wall
4. Mannose group
5. Lipopolysaccharides
6. Cobra venom factor
1, 2 and 3
2, 3, 5 and 6
3, 4, 5 and 6
1, 2, 3 and 5
HLA-B27 is most commonly associated with:
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatoid arthritis
Bamboo Spine Disease
Grave's Disease
MTCD
What is the major amino acid component of the hinge region of an immunoglobulin molecule?
Lysine
Glutamine
Proline
Tryptophan
