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Microbiology II

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 21mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The single deadliest entity on Earth is the ______________.

a)

bacteria

b)

bacteriophage

c)

antibiotic

2.

The head of the bacteriophage sits on a long ____________.

a)

DNA

b)

tail fibers

c)

tail

3.

A vaccine triggers your body to produce _____________ which help fight infections.

a)

antibiotics

b)

antibodies

c)

antigens

4.

Antibiotics only work against what organisms ?

a)

viruses

b)

bacteria

c)

prions

5.

What disease was brought to the New World and killed over 3,000,000 Aztecs?

a)

smallpox

b)

influenza

c)

staph infection

6.

Influenza is caused by a ___________________.

a)

virus

b)

bacteria

c)

prion

7.

When a virus enters a cell and it immediately makes copies of itself this is called _______________________________.

a)

remediation

b)

replica

c)

replication

8.

If a virus only passes its genetic material to the cell without making copies of itself this means the virus is _____________.

a)

active

b)

latent

c)

sleeping

9.

As a virus changes over time, it can affect different systems within the organism. This change of the virus is called a _______________.

a)

mutation

b)

melanin

c)

metaphysics

10.

___________________________ develops when a mother passes antibodies to her unborn baby.

a)

natural immunity

b)

codependency

c)

natural selection

11.

______________________________ doses of the flu vaccine in the United States has been given (October 2019).

a)

16 Million

b)

6 Million

c)

116 Million

12.

The organization in the United States that tracks diseases and vaccinations is called the

a)

CFC -- Combined Federal Campaign

b)

CDC -- Center for Disease Control and Prevention

c)

NACDP -- National Association for Control of Disease & Prevention

13.

Up to what percentage (%) of bacteria are killed by bacteriophages every day.

a)

40%

b)

35%

c)

43%

14.
How does a virus cause a person to develop the common cold?
a)
invades the host cell to reproduce
b)
removes energy from the host cell
c)
produces toxins in the host cell
d)
protects the host cell from bacteria
15.
A virus can be classified by its type of
a)
mitochondria
b)
chromosomes
c)
nucleic acid
d)
carbohydrates
16.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
17.
When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.
a)
outer coat
b)
genetic material
c)
core
d)
cytoplasm
18.
What part of a virus is the protein capsule that houses the genetic material (DNA/RNA)?
a)
tail
b)
nucleus
c)
capsid
d)
glycoprotein
19.
Which type of replication allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
active (lytic)
b)
mitosis
c)
hidden (lysogenic)
d)
cellular respiration
20.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
21.
Which of these is an animal virus?
a)
Tobacco mosaic virus
b)
bacteriophage
c)
influenza
d)
Lyme disease
22.
Viruses are...
a)
prokaryotic
b)
eukaryotic
c)
non-living
d)
endospores
23.
Viruses 
a)
have many cells
b)
are misfolded proteins
c)
are a protein coat around genetic material
d)
endospores
24.
Viruses can reproduce on their own
a)
False
b)
True
c)
Sometimes
25.
What is the main function of the projections on the surface of a virus?
a)
They aid in respiration
b)
They help the virus grow
c)
They help the virus invade its host by attaching to specific sites on the host
d)
They help the virus digest food molecules
26.
Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because
a)
They are not cellular
b)
They cannot reproduce on their own
c)
They cannot make proteins
d)
all of the above
27.
What are pathogens?
a)
FDA
b)
MRSA
c)
Ebola
d)
Disease causing agents (germs)
28.
Which is not one of the 6 characteristics of all living things?
a)
Needs oxygen 
b)
Grows and Develops
c)
Reproduces
d)
Made of Cells
29.
Can a virus change the normal activity of a cell?
a)
No
b)
Maybe
c)
Yes
30.
Why do scientists classify viruses as non-living?
a)
They DO respond to a stimulus
b)
They need a host's energy because they do not have their own energy 
c)
They produce wastes
d)
They are really small 
31.
Which is not a shape that viruses can come in?
a)
Round
b)
Triangle
c)
Bacteriophage
d)
Threadlike 
32.
What is the first step of the virus reproduction cycle?
a)
The viruses genetic material (DNA) starts to take over the functions of the cell
b)
The host cell bursts open, releasing the new viruses
c)
The virus injects its genetic material into the cell
d)
A virus attaches to the surface of a host cell
33.
What is the last step in the viral reproduction cycle?
a)
A virus attaches to the surface of a host cell
b)
The proteins and genetic material start to assemble in the cell
c)
The host cell bursts open, releasing the new viruses
d)
The virus injects its genetic material into the cell
34.
Most bacteria are surrounded by a strong structure that acts like a shield for the virus called the…?
a)
Cell Wall
b)
Cell Membrane
c)
Protein Coat
35.
Where do viruses reproduce?
a)
Outside of a cell
b)
Inside of a cell
c)
They do not reproduce
36.
Which of the following helps prevent the spread of infectious diseases?
a)
Surgery
b)
Medication
c)
Vaccines
37.
How could you describe the size of a virus?
a)
Smaller than bacteria
b)
Larger than a parasite
c)
About the size of a dime
d)
Smaller than a proton
38.
Which of the following occurs right after a virus attaches to a host cell in the viral reproduction process?
a)
The host cell dies
b)
The virus dies
c)
The virus inserts its genetic information into the host cell
d)
copies of the virus are immediately released from the host
39.
Most viruses do not kill humans. Why not?
a)
Viruses can only kill bacterial cells
b)
Humans have 100 trillion cells; viruses can't infect enough to kill
c)
Our immune cells hunt and kill viruses
d)
We have vaccines for all viruses
40.

A virus infects a host in order to:

a)

Take Nutrients

b)

Make the host sick

c)

Make copies of itself

d)

Destroy the host cells

41.

What are the symptoms of the coronavirus?

a)

shortness of breath

b)

fever

c)

cough

d)

all of the above

42.

Each of the following statements is true, except:

a)

Viruses come in different types

b)

Viruses infect living cells

c)

Viruses can replicate without hosts

d)

Viruses can cause illnesses

43.

Viruses are living organisms

a)

True

b)

False

c)

Uncertain

44.
The whiplike tail on some bacteria that help them move
a)
Nucleoid
b)
Pili
c)
Flagella
d)
Cilia
45.
Which statement about bacteria is true?
a)
All bacteria are prokaryotes
b)
All bacteria are eukaryotes
c)
All bacteria are autotrophs
d)
All bacteria are heterotrophs
46.
Which statement about bacteria is true?
a)
Bacteria help you breath
b)
Bacteria help you digest your food
c)
Bacteria help add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere
d)
All bacteria need sunlight to make food
47.
Bacteria cells share which of the following organelles in common with plant and animal cells?
a)
cell membrane, RER
b)
cell wall, mitochondria
c)
nucleus, ribosomes
d)
ribosomes, cytoplasm
48.
How does pasteurization make food safe to eat?
a)
It changes dangerous chemicals in the food into safer chemicals
b)
It encourages the growth of important gut-bacteria
c)
It heats the food enough to kill all bacteria
d)
It causes milk to sour and turn into butter
49.
Bacteria have a cell membrane
a)
True
b)
False
c)
Some do, some don't
d)
Only in certain temperature conditions
50.
Which of the following IS found in a bacteria cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Nucleoid
c)
Mitochondria
d)
RER
51.
Bacteria reproduce by...
a)
sexual reproduction only
b)
asexual reproduction only
c)
usually asexual, sometimes sexual reproduction
d)
a unique type of reproduction called endosporosis
52.
There are more bacteria in your mouth than there are...
a)
stars in the sky
b)
people on the earth
c)
birds in the sky
d)
fish in the sea
53.
Bacteria cells have all of the following EXCEPT which?
a)
mitochondria
b)
genetic material
c)
cell membrane
d)
ribosomes
54.
True or False:Bacteria cells have more organelles than plant and animal cells
a)
True
b)
False
c)
Trick question- it depends on the type of bacteria
55.

What is the job of ribosomes in bacteria?

a)

To provide protection

b)

To make protiens

c)

To hold organelles in place

d)

To hold water and nutrients

56.

What is the job of the cell wall in bacteria?

a)

To provide protection

b)

To make protiens

c)

To hold organelles in place

d)

To hold water and nutrients

57.

What is cytoplasm?

a)

Jel-like fluid that fills the cells and gives it shape

b)

Bone-like structure that give it protection

c)

Small structure that makes protein

d)

Whip-like structure that allows for movement

58.

What is the most outside part of a bacterium?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Cell membrane

d)

Cell wall

59.

Which cell part is the thin, flexible covering of a cell that is semi-permeable?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Cell wall

c)

DNA

d)

Cytoplasm

60.

Why is the cytoplasm in cells important?

a)

It controls the activities of the cell

b)

It provides support and shape for the cell

c)

It controls what enters and exits the cell

d)

It keeps other cell parts from colliding and damaging each other

61.
Which organism can survive either with or without oxygen?
a)
heterotrophs
b)
autotrophs
c)
obligate anaerobe
d)
facultative anaerobe
62.
A structure that can help bacteria survive harsh conditions.
a)
capsids
b)
endospores
c)
pili
d)
DNA
63.
Bacteria exchange genetic information during 
a)
asexual reproduction
b)
binary fission
c)
conjugation
d)
photosynthesis
64.
The ecological roles filled by prokaryotes include all of the following except
a)
decomposers
b)
producers
c)
scavengers
d)
nitrogen fixers
65.
During an experiment a scientist observed prokaryotes that lived near volcanic vents deep in the ocean.  The scientist must likely observed
a)
photoautotrophs
b)
chemoautotrophs 
c)
heterotrophs
d)
photoheterotrophs
66.
The bacteria seen in the picture is
a)
bacillus
b)
cocci
c)
spirilla
67.
Which organism cannot survive in the presence of oxygen?
a)
heterotrophs
b)
autotrophs
c)
obligate anaerobe
d)
facultative anaerobe
68.
Why are superbugs difficult to control?
a)
They are difficult to transmit from one person to another
b)
They have mild symptoms that often go unreported
c)
They occur in remote regions of the world
d)
They are resistant to antibiotics.
69.

a process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacterial without changing the taste of the food.

a)

pasteurization

b)

flagellum

c)

endospore

d)

conjugation

70.

a form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides, forming two identical cells.

a)

binary fission

b)

conjugation

c)

decomposer

d)

pasteurization

71.

The scientist who discovered penicillin (a type of anitbiotic).

a)

Bill Nye

b)

Alexander Flemming

c)

Edward Jenner

d)

Bill Gates

72.

Type of medicine used to kill bacterial infections.

a)

vaccine

b)

antibiotics

c)

pasteurization

d)

vitamins

73.

What might happen if you didn't have bacteria in your digestive tract?

a)

Your intestines would shut down

b)

Your body couldn't break down certain types of food

c)

You would never get sick

d)

You wouldn't be able to eat vegetables

74.

Which of the following is a true statement about bacteria?

a)

Bacteria exist in only a few environments on earth

b)

Bacteria can grow to extremely large sizes

c)

Most bacteria are harmful to humans

d)

Bacteria can be both harmful and helpful to humans

75.

What term best describes the function of flagella in bacteria?

a)

Locomotion

b)

Digestion

c)

Absorption

d)

Reproduction

76.

How are bacterial cells different from plant and animal cells?

a)

Bacterial cells contain many more cell organelles.

b)

Bacterial cells contain almost no cell organelles.

c)

Bacterial cells have more complex cell organelles.

d)

Bacterial cells have well-defined nuclei.

77.

How are bacterial cells different from the cells of eukaryotes?

a)

The bacteria are prokaryotes, and the genetic material is not contained in the nuclei.

b)

The bacteria are eukaryotes, and the genetic material is not contained in the nuclei.

c)

The bacteria are prokaryotes, and the genetic material is contained in the nuclei.

d)

The bacteria are eukaryotes, and the genetic material is contained in the nuclei.

78.

How is bacteria helpful?

a)

Provide carbon dioxide, food products, environmental recycling, medicine.

b)

Provide oxygen, food products, environmental recycling, medicine.

c)

Provide oxygen, food wastes, environmental recycling, medicine.

d)

Provide oxygen, food products, environment medicine.

79.

Organisms that break down food large, complex chemicals in dead organisms into small, simple chemicals

a)

ribosomes

b)

flagelllum

c)

conjugation

d)

decomposers

80.

The region inside the cell membrane of a bacterium

a)

bacteria

b)

endospore

c)

cytoplasm

d)

decomposers

81.

The process of breaking down food to release energy

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

ribosomes

c)

Binary fission

d)

Cellular Respiration

82.

How long should you wash your hands for?

a)

5 minutes

b)

1 minute

c)

3 seconds

d)

20 seconds

83.

What type of water should you use to wash your hands?

a)

Cold water

b)

Dirty water

c)

Hot water

d)

Warm water

84.

What shape is bacteria?

a)

Round

b)

Straight

c)

Twisted

d)

All of these

85.

The singular term for bacteria is...

a)

Bacterial

b)

Bacterias

c)

Bacteria

d)

Bacterium

86.

Binary fission results in

a)

2 genetically different cells

b)

4 genetically identical cells

c)

2 genetically identical cells

d)

4 genetically different cells

87.

Which of the following is the correct way to write a bacterial name?

a)

E. coli

b)

E. Coli

c)

e. coli

d)

E. COLI

88.

Which of the following is not a common role of bacteria?

a)

Decomposers

b)

Consume hydrocarbons

c)

Create oxygen

d)

Fix nitrogen

89.

Cyto- means

a)

Bacteria

b)

Cell

c)

Small

d)

Microscopic

90.

A/an ________ is an injection of a weakened form of a pathogen to help the individual gain immunity from a disease.

a)

Virus

b)

Vacuum

c)

Vaccine

d)

Antibiotic

91.

Which of these diseases was eradicated from the world with the help of vaccines?

a)

SARS

b)

HIV/AIDS

c)

Chickenpox

d)

Smallpox

92.

Which of these is NOT a sign that the body is fighting a pathogen?

a)

Fever

b)

Bleeding

c)

Coughing

d)

Sneezing

93.

You are a doctor and Little Billy is in your office with the flu. His mother wants you to prescribe an antibiotic. Which would be the best response?

a)

"Absolutely, get that kid an antibiotic!"

b)

"Actually, he just needs to take a painkiller."

c)

"Unfortunately, antibiotics do not work against viruses like the flu."

d)

"Give him a vaccine and he will feel better right away!"

94.

Which type of virus has spikes on the outside, giving it a "crown-like" appearance?

a)

Bacteriophage

b)

Coronavirus

c)

Norovirus

d)

Ebola virus

95.

Which of these would never be included in a vaccine, due to its potential to cause illness/disease?

a)

Fully deactivated virus

b)

Weakened virus

c)

Partial virus

d)

Complete, fully active virus

96.

COVID-19 is caused by a coronavirus. Which of these other diseases is NOT caused by a type of coronavirus?

a)

Chickenpox

b)

SARS

c)

Common cold

d)

Flu

97.
What do viruses need to reproduce?
a)
they need genetic material
b)
They need a host cell
c)
They need  bacteria
d)
They need insulin
98.
How could you describe the size of a virus?
a)
Smaller than bacteria
b)
Larger than a parasite
c)
About the size of a dime
d)
Smaller than a proton
99.
What is the 1st step of virus infection?
a)
Entry
b)
Attachment
c)
Replication
d)
Assembly
100.
The lysing of a cell occurs in which phase?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
4
d)
5

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