WorksheetsLife Processes
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 29mins
What is interstitial fluid?
The fluid inside of cells
Part of the intracellular fluid (ICF)
The fluid in the bloodstream
80% of extracellular fluid (ECF)
What do cells use macromolecules for?
Making electrolytes
Covalent bonding
Cellular respiration
Passive diffusion
Which of the following cell structures modifies proteins, then re-packages them into vesicles, for export out of the cell?
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
From the options below, which is the most effective way to study?
Focus for a couple of hours at a time, with no breaks
Have short, frequent study sessions
Re-write and highlight lecture notes
Leave most of your study for the last week of lectures so you know where to focus
Which of the following molecules is formed by ionic bonds?
NaCl
H2O
Glucose
KCl
What does it mean if an element is reactive?
It has an incomplete outer ring of electrons
It has a complete outer ring of electrons
It has an odd number of protons
It has more electrons than protons
Why would an ion have a negative charge (e.g. Cl-)?
It has an incomplete outer ring of electrons
It has lost an electron
It has gained an electron
It has more electrons than protons
Why are sodium and chloride ions attracted to each other?
both sodium and chloride ions are positive
Opposite charges attract
sodium ions are smaller than chloride ions
Because of diffusion
Which of the following is a characteristic of water?
It is formed by polar covalent bonds
It is an electrolyte
It can break ionic bonds in a solution
It is a solvent for many substances
Which statement is true?
Electrolytes dissolve in water
Salt is an electrolyte
Water is an electrolyte
Electrolyte means 'loosened electricity'
What does hydrophilic mean?
Fat-soluble
Water loving
Water hating
Watery
Which of the following is a macromolecule?
Water
Protein
Lipid (fat)
Carbohydrate
What do lipids (fats) break down into?
amino acids
polypeptides
fatty acids
monosaccharides
Which of these can cells use as a fuel source to make ATP?
fatty acids
glucose
amino acids
triglycerides
Which of the following is an example of facilitated diffusion?
Co-transport of 2 substances together
Diffusion through the cell membrane
Osmosis through a membrane channel
Pumping ions against their gradient
Which form of cell transport utilises vesicles for release of a substance from the cell?
Passive transport
Secondary active transport
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
Which substance(s) require a channel to cross the cell membrane?
Na+
water
oxygen
glucose
Which of the following is an example of diffusion?
vesicle movement to the presynaptic membrane
opening of chemically-gated channels when a ligand binds
movement of neurotransmitter across a synaptic cleft
a substance moving from an area of low concentration to high concentration
What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?
The cell shrinks
The cell loses water
The cell gains water
The cell swells
What increases passive transport across a cell membrane?
An electrical gradient
A chemical gradient
An electrochemical gradient
An ATPase pump
What does the Na+/K+ ATPase pump do?
It pumps Na+ into the cell and K+ out of the cell
It uses ATP to pump ions against their concentration gradients
It creates an electrochemical gradient for Na+ to enter the cell
It creates an electrochemical gradient for K+ to enter the cell
Why is the inside of a cell slightly more negative than the outside of the cell?
There are negatively charged proteins inside the cell
The concentration of ions is different on the inside, compared to the outside of the cell
The Na+/K+ ATPase pumps more positive ions out of the cell, than into it
There are negatively charged proteins outside the cell
How is the cell membrane involved in communication in the body?
It is made of a phospholipid bilayer
It has receptors for chemicals (e.g. hormones)
It has voltage-gated ion channels used during an action potential
It has ligand-gated channels for chemicals (e.g. neurotransmitter)
What does the cytoskeleton do?
Transports substances within the cell
Connects organelles and provides shape
Pumps ions across the membrane
Forms the membrane
Which of the following statements about the nucleolus is correct?
It is the controller of the cell
It converts genetic code to build proteins
It creates ribosomes
It connects organelles within the cell
What does a ribosome do?
Packages proteins
Builds proteins
Stores genetic code
Builds vesicles
What is a hematocrit?
% red blood cells in the blood
% white blood cells in the blood
% plasma in the blood
% protein in the blood
How much of the blood is made of cells?
25-30%
40-50%
65-70%
100%
Which is a main function of blood?
Injury repair and immunity
Transport of substances around the body
Homeostasis
cellular respiration
What range does the body try to keep core body temperature (in degrees celsius)?
About 35
About 37
About 39
About 41
What do red blood cells do?
Transport glucose
Transport gases
Transport fatty acids
Transport platelets
Which of the following is a plasma protein?
Hemoglobin
Platelet
Fibrinogen
Erythrocyte
Which is the most common plasma protein?
fibrinogen
globulin
hemoglobin
albumin
Which of the following is a function of albumin?
Maintain blood volume
Help form blood clots
Help form antibodies
Carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
Which of the following blood constituents are involved in the body's immune system?
Erythrocytes and leukocytes
Globulins and hemoglobin
Leukocytes and globulins
Erythrocytes and hemoglobin
What purpose does hemoglobin have in red blood cells?
Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide gases
Carries glucose and fatty acids
Binds to platelets and fibrinogen
Removes toxins from the blood plasma
What is the correct order for the levels of organisation within the body, from smallest to largest?
organism, organ, tissue
tissue, organ, chemical
cellular, chemical, organism
organ, organ system, organism
Which of the following would be most likely to move down a pressure gradient?
ions
glucose
gases
mitochondria
Which is an example of secondary active transport?
Water moving through a membrane by osmosis
Sodium moving through an ion channel by facilitated diffusion
Sodium and glucose co-transporting into a cell
Sodium and potassium being pumped against their concentration gradients
Which of the following forms of cell transport require ATP?
Facilitated diffusion and secondary active transport
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Active transport and diffusion
Diffusion and secondary active transport
Which statement describes bulk transport (flow)?
Fast over short distances, but not long
An active process against chemical gradients
A passive process down pressure gradients
Requires an active process to create the pressure gradient
How is bulk transport different from diffusion?
Bulk transport requires energy (ATP) but diffusion does not
Bulk transport is fast over long distances but diffusion is fast over short distances
Bulk transport occurs down a pressure gradient but diffusion occurs up a pressure gradient
Bulk transport occurs from blood to cells but diffusion occurs from cells to blood
What is homeostasis?
A stable internal environment in the body
The process of making ATP
The process of creating new proteins in the cell
A variable external environment
Which of the following is a variable the body systems try to keep constant?
Blood glucose
Blood plasma osmolarity
Skin temperature
Bone length
What is the purpose of maintaining mean arterial blood pressure?
To ensure blood vessels are flexible
To ensure blood gets to all the cells
To ensure the heart contracts
To ensure the arteries are wide
What would make the blood more acidic?
Dehydration
Increased breathing
Exercise
Creation of ATP
Exercise disturbs homeostatic balance in which of the following ways?
Increases blood pH (decreased acidity)
Decreases core blood temperature
Increases plasma osmolarity
Decreases blood pressure
What is feedforward control?
Correcting a change to a variable
Restoring a changed variable to set-point
Keeping a variable constant
Preventing a change to a variable
What is negative feedback?
Preventing a change to a variable
Correcting a change to a variable
Creating an imbalance in a variable
Sensing a change in a variable
Which of the following descriptions of a negative feedback control loop is correct?
The variable sends signals to effectors
The stimulus prevents a change
The control centre detects a change
The effectors correct a change
