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WorksheetsExam 2 - Mixed Topics
Total questions: 82
Worksheet time: 6hrs 16mins
What describes the fatty acid: 18:3(delta)9,12,15
omega-6
alpha-Linolenic acid
omega-3
Arachidonic acid
What describes the fatty acid: 20:4(delta)5,8,11,14
omega-6
alpha-Linolenic acid
omega-3
Arachidonic acid
Can you digest Olestra
Yes
No
What is the structure of triglyceride
3 FA esterified to glycerol
phosphate on 3rd C + 2 FA esterified
2 FA esterified to glycerol
Sphingosine + 2nd tail attached via amide linkage
What is the structure of a phosphodiglyceride
3 FA esterified to glycerol
phosphate on 3rd C + 2 FA esterified
2 FA esterified to glycerol
Sphingosine + 2nd tail attached via amide linkage
What is the structure of a diglyceride
3 FA esterified to glycerol
phosphate on 3rd C + 2 FA esterified
2 FA esterified to glycerol
Sphingosine + 2nd tail attached via amide linkage
What is the structure of a sphingolipid
3 FA esterified to glycerol
phosphate on 3rd C + 2 FA esterified
2 FA esterified to glycerol
Sphingosine + 2nd tail attached via amide linkage
Which group has an ether group at the C1 instead of an ester
Plasmalogen
Phosphodiglyceride
Which group has a phosphate on the 3rd C + 2 esterified FA
Plasmalogen
Phosphodiglyceride
What is the structure of a glycolipid
Oligosaccharide + glycerol
Monosaccharide + glycerol
Disaccharide + glycerol
What diseases causes GM2 to accumulate and kills the child due to defective hexosaminidase A
Tay Sachs
Gaucher Disease
Which of the following hormones are steroids
cortisol
aldosterone
vitamin D
adrenaline
testosterone
What is the precursor for retinol
Vit A
Vit K
Vit E
What are some examples of eicosanoids
prostaglandins
thromboxane
leukotrienes
antioxidants
What are eicosanoids
inflammatory mediators generated by hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids
11-cis-retinal for eye development
B-carotene in carrots
What do NSAID's block
COX 1
COX 2
Which are derived amino acids
hydroxyproline
ornithine
hydroxylysine
selenosysteine
citrulline
Which are nonstandard amino acids
hydroxyproline
ornithine
hydroxylysine
selenosysteine
citrulline
Where is ornithine and citrulline used
endocrine system
ETC
urea cycle
CAC
What type of rxn results in a peptide bond
reduction
oxidation
condensation
hydrolysis
What is located at the N terminal
Amine
Carboxylate
Amide
Carbonyl
What is located at the C terminal
Amine
Carboxylate
Amide
Carbonyl
Why is there no rotation around a peptide bond
psy angle
phy angle
partial double bond characteristics
What is a Ramachandran Plot
lists what angles are possible for a psy-phi peptide bond
shows dissociation of a peptide in solution
temperature dissociation comparison
Why do alpha helix and beta sheets predominate
peptide bonds
protein selection
protein folding
How many degrees does the R state and T state differ as a result of O2 binding
10
15
5
20
What is BPG's affect on hemoglobin
causes hemoglobin to have a lower affinity to O2
if RBC breaks open, it cannot let go of O2
locks hemoglobin in a deoxy (T) state
locks hemoglobin in oxy (R) state
What is the side group on "G"?
-CH3
-CH(CH3)2
-H
-NH3+
What is the side group on "V"?
-CH3
-CH(CH3)2
-H
-NH3+
What is the side group on "A"?
-CH3
-CH(CH3)2
-H
-NH3+
Which AA is aromatic
E
F
I
H
What is the one letter code for the aromatic AA with the largest molecular weight?
(a)
Which 2 AA carry a negative charge at pH 7.4?
Aspartate
Arginine
Glutamate
Glutamine
At the pK1 the amino acid is
50:50 mixture of protonated vs deprotonated carboxylate group
50:50 mixture of protonated vs deprotonated amine group
zwitterionic form
protonated form
deprotonated form
Disulfide bridges are made by joining 2
K's
C's
L's
M's
Define cooperativity
hemoglobin binds to O2 and doesn't want to let go
hemoglobin releases O2 for other tissues
quaternary structure wants to do things together at all times
quaternary structure wants to takes turns all the time
What is the T state
deoxy
oxy
What is the R state
deoxy
oxy
What happens to O2 in low pH according to the Bohr effect
O2 goes up
O2 goes down
What happens to O2 in high pH according to the Bohr effect
O2 goes up
O2 goes down
What is the effect of high CO2 on hemoglobin
low O2 affinity
high O2 affinity
What does sickle cell anemia help with
better blood circulation
higher affinity to O2
protection again malaria
higher concentration of thalassemia
What describes malaria
better blood circulation
higher affinity to O2
protection again sickle cell anemia
higher concentration of thalassemia
What are the similarities between passive and active transport?
move across lipid bilayer
have channels
have pumps
membrane transporters
What defines passive diffusion
no energy required
ion channels
pumps
facilitated carriers
What defines active transport
energy required
secondary active transport
pumps
facilitated carriers
What similiaries do ion channels and carrier-mediated diffusion have
active transport
gated
passive transport
Ion channels are
very specific
gated (most of the time)
creating a charge when ions move through the channels
allow large molecules to pass through
Carrier-mediated channels
are non-gated
are reversible
allow large molecules through
use a flow down gradient
What is the Nernst Equation
E = (61/z)log(conc. out/conc. in)
E = 61log(conc. out/conc. in)
E = (61/z)log(conc. in/conc. out)
E = 61log(conc. in/conc. out)
How does the flux of a solute via a carrier mediated transport limited by the # of transporters
Rate of transport = # of transport carriers
Rate of transport < # of carriers
Rate of transport > # of carriers
Primary active transport
requires ATP
moves solutes in opposite direction of conc. gradient
piggy backs off primary active transport
What type of transport is the Na+/K+ Pump
primary active transport
secondary active transport
primary diffusion
facilitated diffusion
What is the role of Na+/K+ pump
keep Na+ low inside the cell
keep K+ high inside the cell
keep Na+ high inside the cell
keep K+ low inside the cell
How many Na+ and K+ leave/enter the cell
3 Na+
2 K+
3 K+
2 Na+
What does the Na+/K+ pump bring in on its secondary active transport
fructose
ATP
glucose
Ca2+
The Ca2+ pump
moves Ca into the extracellular or into ER for storage
moves Ca into intracellular or into ER for storage
plays a major role in signaling muscle cells
plays a major role in signaling neurons
Secondary active transport
requires energy input, but no direct hydrolysis of ATP
requires direct energy input from ATP
one solute moves passively along its gradient while the other moves actively in the opposite direction of its gradient
both solutes move actively across their concentration gradient
Types of secondary active transporter
co-transporters
exchangers
carrier-mediated transporter
ion channels
What type of transporter is a Na+/Glucose transporter
secondary active transporter
primary active transporter
passive transporter
facilitated transporter
What active transporter is used to move glucose from the lumen to the cell layer
SGLT
GLUT2
What passive transporter is used to move glucose from the cell layer to the blood
SGLT
GLUT2
Which description describes phagocytosis
Pseudopod engulfing food or other particle
Non-specific recapture of membrane
Very specific vesicle with receptors, a coated pit, and a coat protein
Which description describes pinocytosis
Pseudopod engulfing food or other particle
Non-specific recapture of membrane
Very specific vesicle with receptors, a coated pit, and a coat protein
Which description describes receptor-mediated endocytosis
Pseudopod engulfing food or other particle
Non-specific recapture of membrane
Very specific vesicle with receptors, a coated pit, and a coat protein
Endocytosis
requires energy
does not require energy
What is the function of receptors
allow signals from the extracellular to be transmitted to the intracellular
allows signals from the intracellular to be transmitted to the extracellular
What are the major classes of membrane receptors
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein-coupled receptors
Enzyme-linked receptors
Intracellular recptors
Na+/Glucose symporter
Which receptor changes the charge in a cell (ex: cholinergic nicotinic receptors)
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein-coupled receptors
Enzyme linked receptors
Intracellular receptors
Which receptor causes protein phosphorylation (ex: alpha and beta adrenoceptors)
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein-coupled receptors
Enzyme linked receptors
Intracellular receptors
Which receptor causes protein and receptor phosphorylation (ex: insulin receptors)
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein-coupled receptors
Enzyme linked receptors
Intracellular receptors
Which receptor is responsible for intracellular receptors (ex: steroid receptors)
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein-coupled receptors
Enzyme linked receptors
Intracellular receptors
Which receptor is responsible for protein phosphorylation and altered gene expression (ex: steroid receptors)
Ligand-gated ion channels
G protein-coupled receptors
Enzyme linked receptors
Intracellular receptors
Which G-protein alpha subunit turns off adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, & protein kinase A (decreases protein phosphorylation)
s
i
q
Which G-protein alpha subunit turns on adenylyl cyclase, cAMP, & protein kinase A (increases protein phosphorylation)
s
i
q
Which G-protein alpha subunit activates phospholipase C to activate calcium-binding proteins
s
i
q
Which G-protein alpha subunit binds with the beta-adrenergic receptor
s
i
q
Which G-protein alpha subunit binds with mGluR?
s
i
q
Which G-protein alpha subunit binds with dopamine D2?
s
i
q
What neurotransmitter activates G-protein alpha s subunit
norepinephrine
glutamate
dopamine
What neurotransmitter activates G-protein alpha q subunit
norepinephrine
glutamate
dopamine
What neurotransmitter activates G-protein alpha i subunit
norepinephrine
glutamate
dopamine
