What bones form sutures?

What type of bones are used for movement?

Which of the following are mature cells, found in the bone matrix (GAP junctions to receive signals)

Which of the following are stem cells, which produce osteoblasts and are found in the inner region of bone

Which of the following are responsible for resorption/degrading of bone matrix (most active-low Ca2+)

Which of the following are immature cells, synthesize new bone (most active-high Ca2+)

Which of the following is true regarding compact bone vs spongy bone?

Which of the following is an incomplete inner layer covering trabecular bone?

Which of the following isolates bone from surrounding tissues, route for blood and nerve entry, connections.

(2 layers)

Located in spongy bone, produces blood cells

Located in bone shaft, adipose tissue for energy source

Which bone growth is categorized as outward bone growth (mediated by osteoclasts and osteoblasts)

Which of the following is categorized as chondrocytes laying down cartilage which get replaced by osteoid matrix via osteoclasts, and new cartilage gets laid down again?

Which of the following hormones Stimulates bone growth/collagen synthesis?

Which of the following hormone(s) stimulate osteoblasts and promote ossification, while depleting cartilage and close epiphysial plate?

Which of the following vitamins Stimulates osteoblast differentiation and are needed for collagen synthesis?

Which of the following vitamins are Required for osteocalcin (protein secreted by osteoblast)?

Which of the following can be excreted in feces, absorbed or reabsorbed into soft tissues, absorbed or filtered through the kidneys, and be used to form bones?

A decrease in ECF calcium or phosphate will trigger the release of ______?

Which of the following will cause the PTH to be inhibited?

Increase in PTH causes

Increase in calcium causes

PTH stimulates _______ production in the kidney via increasing the synthesis of 1-α hydroxylase.

Which of the following are functions of calcium?

Decreased calcium in the kidneys will retain ______ calcium ions in our blood and excrete _____ in our urine

PTH and vitamin D receptors of the bone are located on

When PTH and Vitamin D bind to the receptors, they signal the release of

proteoclasts bind to to RANKL and M-CSF which will stimulate the differentiation of preosteoclast into an active osteoclast freeing up calcium and vitamin D to enter the blood stream

High levels of calcium and phosphate activate osteoblasts to build bone.

Vitamin D deficiency can result in

Which of the following is secreted by C-cells of the thyroid gland?

Your patient is experiencing muscle weakness and tetany. After running some labs, you realize that the patients PTH is too low. You believe this is a genetic disease. What is the disease and what would you recommend for treatment?

Your patient is experiencing depression and osteopenia. They also note that they were in the hospital a week ago for kidney stones. You suspect this is a congenital disease. What would the diagnosis be and how would you treat it?

Your (60yo) patient tells you that they have shrunk! The physician ordered tests and determined that they have decreased bone density, resulting in a greater risk for fractures. It is determined that the patient has osteoporosis, which of the following would be adequate treatments?

Joints serve as the interconnection between 2 bones which allows for range of motion and structure.

synarthrosis joints are

Amphiarthrosis joints are

Diarthrosis joints are

Which of the following is an immovable joint made when the gap between 2 bones ossifies which forms a single bone.

Which of the following has no movement joints with 2 bones liked with cartilage?

Which of the following are freely moving joints at the ends of long bones, and allow for a wide range of movements?

Which of the following attach the teeth to the jaw via a fibrous collagen ligament?

Which of the following are long collagen fibers connecting 2 bones, permits some movement?

Which of the following line each bone coming into the joint?

Which of the following consists of an inner synovial membrane and an outer fibrous capsule?

Which of the following is the name for the space created between bones and the synovial membrane?

Synovial fluid is the Interstitial fluid with proteoglycans secreted by cells in the synovial membrane. The synovial fluid helps with:

When a joint moves, the _____ move in and cushions the bone.

tendons bind muscle to the bone. Which of the following are also functions of the tendons?

Which of the following attach bone to bone?

What type of movements are linear movements where 2 opposing surfaces slide past each other?

Which type of movement allows for angle changes, rotation, and circumduction?

If a joint can move two ways (I.e. forward and backward, and side to side) it is called:

What joint movement is she exhibiting?

Which joint movement is this?

Which of the following joint movements does this picture depict?

Which of the following joint movements is this?

you are looking left when something falls from the bookshelf on your right. As a result you turn your head to the right. This is an example of:

Your elbow, jaw and knee are examples of what kind of joint?

Your shoulder and hip are an example of what kind of joint?

Your patient comes in with inflammation of the bursae. Which of the following could have caused their bursitis?

Your patient was diagnosed with bursitis, which of the following would be considered a treatment?

Your patient complains of pain in their face, clicking sounds when moving their jaw, and radiating headaches. In addition, they are experiencing limited movement, making it hard to eat certain foods. This patient has TMJ. What are appropriate treatments?

Arthritis ALWAYS involves damage to the articular cartilage.

What type of arthritis causes aging joints, damage to cartilage, (age over 60) leading to exposed bones, causing bone spurs, restricted movement and pain?

What type of arthritis results from the immune system attacking joint tissue?

What type of arthritis occurs due to accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints?

Which of the following are treatments for arthritis?

Which of the following events will occur when calcium levels are high in the blood?

Which of the following is a cell stimulated by PTH?

Which of the following is a mature bone cell embedded in the bone matrix?

With a decrease in plasma calcium, the calcium receptor on the parathyroid gland in binds calcium which releases PTH and decreases active vitamin D.

Place them in the correct order.

1. C-cells of the thyroid gland secrete calcitonin

2. osteoclast activity is inhibited

3. Bone deposition increases

4. plasma calcium increases

The cartilage joint between the diaphysis and the epiphysis is

The hip joint is

Which of the following is a hinge joint with olecranon?

Which of the following contains the posterior and anterior cruciate ligaments?

Trabeculae are structural characteristics of compact bone.

A femur includes both compact and spongy bone tissues.

Most bones develop from hyaline cartilage.

The growth zone of the long bones of adolescents is the articular cartilage.

Osteoclasts develop from osteoblasts.

Osteocytes develop from osteoblasts.

The protein of the bone matrix is called hydroxyapatite.

Blood vessels travel through the central canals of compact bone.

Vitamin D promotes bone deposition, not resorption.

Parathyroid hormone promotes bone resorption and raises blood calcium concentration.

Synovial joints are also known as synarthroses.

The femur is held tightly in the acetabulum mainly by the round ligament.

Unlike most ligaments, the periodontal ligaments do not attach one bone to another.

synovial fluid is secreted by the synovial membrane of the joint capsule and fills the bursae.

1. Calcium is required for all of the following except __________.

Which of the following mineral gives bone it's rigid structure?

Bones are made up of which of the following three tissue types?

Bones are made up of which of the following three tissue types?

Which of the following is the term for the functional unit of compact bone?

Which of the following cells is responsible for depositing hydroxyapatite into bone matrix?

In regards to bone marrow, "red marrow" is primarily made up of ___________ cells, while "yellow marrow" is primarily made up of ___________ cells.

1. The length of long bones is increased via the hypertrophy and eventual apoptosis of chondrocytes which leave cavities that are then colonized by osteoprogenitor cells. This process is referred to as __________.

Muscle is attached to the periosteum of bone via which of the following?

Which of the following tissues is not part of a bone as an organ?

The organic matter of living bone includes

The _______ is an example of a sesamoid bone.

The epiphyseal plate represents the

The central canal of a bone osteon contains

Internal and external rotation of the humerus are made possible by which joint?

Which of the following is the least movable?

Which of the following joints has anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments?

Which cells have a ruffled border and secrete hydrochloric acid?

The marrow cavity of an adult bone may contain

The spurt of growth in puberty results from cell proliferation and hypertrophy in the

Osteoclasts are most closely related, by common descent, to

Which of these is not an effect of PTH?

One long bone meets another at its

Calcitriol is made from

what is the function of calcitonin?

Which of these could result from hyperparathyroidism?