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AP Biology Metabolism

Total questions: 60

Worksheet time: 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Organisms get their energy to do work from ___________ energy.

a)

solar energy

b)

chemical energy

c)

thermal energy

d)

nuclear energy

2.

A --> B + C

a)

Anabolic

b)

Catabolic

3.

A + B --> C

a)

Anabolic

b)

Catabolic

4.

Net release of energy

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

5.

A + B --> AB + Energy

This is what type of reaction?

a)

exergonic

b)

endergonic

6.
Which of the following is true for anabolic pathways?
a)
they do not depend on enzymes
b)
they are usually spontaneous chemical reactions
c)
they consume energy to build polymers from monomers
d)
They release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers
7.

To do work, living systems will pair an catabolic reaction with a(n)________________

a)

exergonic reaction

b)

oxidative reaction

c)

ATP synthesis

d)

anabolic reaction

8.

Which statement is true according to the image?

a)

A: endergonic; B: exergonic

b)

A: exothermic; B: endothermic

c)

A: exergonic; B: endergonic

d)

A: endothermic; B: exothermic

9.
The mechanism by which the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is called ___________
a)
metabolic inhibition
b)
feedback inhibition
c)
irreversible inhibition
d)
allosteric regulation
10.
Main cellular energy molecule
a)
ATP
b)
ADP
c)
cAMP
11.
ATP is called a cell’s “energy currency” because
a)
ATP catalyzes all metabolic reactions.
b)
most of the energy that drives metabolism is supplied by ATP.
c)
glucose is made of ATP.
d)
ATP allows one organelle to be exchanged for another between cells.
12.
Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism?
a)
Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions.
b)
It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions.
c)
Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that when hydrolyzed releases free energy.
d)
Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two.
13.
Energy is released from ATP when
a)
a phosphate group is added
b)
adenine bonds to ribose
c)
ATP is exposed to sunlight
d)
a phosphate group is removed
14.

Cyanide is a toxin that stops the mitochondria from producing ATP. If cyanide were introduced into your cells, it is probably acting as a(n)

a)

activator

b)

coenzyme

c)

inhibitor

d)

substrate

15.

Cyanide is a toxin that stops the mitochondria from producing ATP. If cyanide got into your cells, the absence of ATP would cause

a)

an increased chemical reactions because ATP will no longer be in the way

b)

divergence of metabolic pathways due to lack of ATP

c)

a decrease in chemical reactions because ATP is needed, but the cell can use carbohydrates, proteins or lipids instead

d)

a slow down and eventual cessation of chemical reactions because ATP is absolutely needed for chemical reactions to occur

16.
Metabolism is best described as______
a)
synthesis of macromolecules
b)
breakdown of macromolecules
c)
control of enzyme activity
d)
control of enzyme activity in te synthesis and breakdown of macromolecules
17.
Which of the following is part of the first law of thermodynamics?
a)
energy cannot be created or destroyed
b)
entropy of the universe is constant
c)
kinetic energy is stored energy
d)
energy cannot be transferred or transformed
18.
Whenever energy is transformed, there is always an increase in the ______________
a)
free energy and enthalpy of the universe
b)
free energy of the universe
c)
entropy of the universe
d)
enthalpy of the univers
19.
True or False: Enzymes increase the rate of reaction.
a)
True
b)
False
20.
The active site of an enzyme is the region that __________
a)
binds with the allosteric site
b)
binds with the substrate
c)
binds with allosteric inhibitors
d)
is inhibited by a coenzyme or a cofactor
21.
Increasing the substrate concentration in an enzymatic reaction could overcome which of the following?
a)
allosteric inhibition
b)
competitive inhibition
c)
noncompetitive inhibition
d)
denaturization of the enzyme
22.
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because ____________
a)
their enzymes are insensitive to temperature
b)
they use molecules other than proteins as their main catalysts
c)
their enzymes have high optimal temperatures
d)
they are able to maintain an internal temperature much cooler than that of the surrounding water
23.
Which of the following reactions would decrease entropy within a cell?
a)
anabolic
b)
catabolic
c)
diffusion
d)
digestion
24.
What is the ultimate fate of inorganic phophate produced in the cytosol?
a)
secreted as waste
b)
phosphorylated
c)
combined with ADP to regenerate ATP
d)
hydrolyzed to release additional energy
25.
The induced fit model of enzyme activity suggests which of the following?
a)
the binding of substrate depends on the conformation of the active site
b)
the binding of an activator alters the active site to enable binding of products more tightly
c)
binding of substrate changes the conformation of the active site to bind substrate more tightly
d)
binging of competitive inhibitors changes the shape of the active site to bind substrate less tightly
26.
Enzymes catalyze reactions by ___________ Activation Energy.
a)
Increasing
b)
Decreasing
27.
Blocking Active site of an enzyme
a)
competitive inhibition
b)
allosteric inhibition
28.
Zinc and Iron
a)
Coenzymes
b)
Cofactors
c)
Organic
29.
Vitamin C
a)
Cofactor
b)
Coenzyme
c)
Competitive inhibitor
30.
Which of these is NOT true?
a)
Enzymes can denature (change shape) when the temperature gets too high.
b)
Enzymes can only be used once in a chemical reaction. 
c)
Extreme pH can denature enzymes.
d)
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 
31.
At high temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
32.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
33.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
34.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
35.

The best way to speed up an enzymatic reaction would be

a)

Add more substrate

b)

Add more enzyme

c)

Increase the temperature

d)

Increase the salinity

36.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered or denatured
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
37.
Which factors can change the shape of an enzyme and thus denatures a enzyme?
a)
Excessive heat and changes in pH
b)
Nothing can
c)
Exposure to light and sound
d)
Exposure to bacteria and Amoebas
38.
The graph shows the relative rates of action of four enzymes, A, B, C, and D. Which enzyme shows the greatest change in its rate of action with the least change in pH?
a)
enzyme A 
b)
enzyme B 
c)
enzyme C
d)
enzyme D
39.

In order to increase the rate of reaction using an enzyme a scientist could.... (Choose all that apply)

a)

Increase the amount of substrate

b)

Decrease the temperature

c)

Increase the temperartue

d)

Introduce a competitive inhibitor

40.
What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
a)
Protein
b)
Carbohydrate
c)
Lipid
d)
Nucleic Acid
41.
Enzymes are made up of these repeating monomers.
a)
monosaccharides
b)
amino acids
c)
nucleotides
d)
phospholipids
42.

Which of the following is directly responsible for the shape of an enzyme/protein?

a)

The amino acid sequence of the protein and the properties of the amino acids that make up the protein.

b)

The temperature of the surrounding environment.

c)

The pH of the surrounding environment.

d)

The amount of substrate present.

43.

If a mutation occurs in a DNA sequence that codes for an enzyme, what is the most likely result?

a)

There will likely be no change in the shape and function of the enzyme.

b)

The enzyme will most likely fold in a way that makes its shape incompatible with the substrate and the enzyme will not function correctly.

c)

The enzyme will not be produced at all.

d)

The enzyme will have an enhanced ability to bind with the substrate.

44.

Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site. What is this called?

a)

reusability

b)

catalysis

c)

specificity

d)

fragility

45.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
46.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
47.

Describes the process by which an enzyme's function at the active site may be either activated or inhibited by the binding of a regulatory molecule at a separate site.

a)

Allosteric Interactions

b)

Feedback Inhibition

c)

Competitive Inhibition

d)

Noncompetitive Inhibition

48.

A molecule that is so similar to the normal substrate that it competes for the active site of the enzyme

a)

Allosteric Inhibition

b)

Competitive Inhibition

c)

Noncompetitive Inhibition

d)

Feedback Inhibition

49.

A molecule that binds to the enzyme at a site other than the active site, causing the enzyme to change shape and be unable to bind substrate

a)

Allosteric Inhibition

b)

Feedback Inhibition

c)

Competitive Inhibition

d)

Noncompetitive Inhibition

50.

When Substance A was added to an enzyme reaction, product formation decreased. The addition of more substrate did not increase product formation. From this we can conclude that Substance A could be

a)

product molecules.

b)

an allosteric enzyme.

c)

a competitive inhibitor.

d)

a noncompetitive inhibitor.

51.

Bacterial production of the enzymes needed for the synthesis of the amino acid tryptophan declines with increasing levels of tryptophan in the cell and increases with decreasing levels of tryptophan. This is an example of

a)

Competitive Inhibition

b)

Noncompetitive Inhibition

c)

Feedback Inhibition

d)

Irreversible Inhibition

52.

In E.Coli, an enzyme called RelA catalyzes the formation of a molecule called alarmone. Alarmone binds to RelA at a location different than the active site and the binding of Alarmone to RelA increases the affinitiy of RelA for its substrate.

a)

Positive Feedback

b)

Allosteric Inhibition

c)

Negative Feedback

d)

Allosteric Activation

53.
Which explanation best fits the graph for pH's effect on an enzyme?
a)
As the pH gets closer to neutral more H-Bonds are broken
b)
Larger numbers of H+ & OH- ions distort the active site
c)
There are more collisions between substrates and active sites near the optimal pH
d)
Low pHs cause more H-Bonds to happen near the active site
54.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
55.

In Figure 6.2, why does the reaction rate plateau at higher reactant concentrations?

a)

Feedback inhibition by product occurs at high reactant concentrations.

b)

Most enzyme molecules are occupied by substrate at high reactant concentrations.

c)

The reaction nears equilibrium at high reactant concentrations.

d)

The activation energy for the reaction increases with reactant concentration.

56.

The diagram represents one way an enzyme can be inhibited.


Which statement explains the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme?

a)

A substrate will be able to bond with the enzyme.

b)

The enzyme will likely be attacked by immune cells.

c)

The enzyme will be unable to produce more enzymes.

d)

A substrate will be unable to attach to the enzyme.

57.
How do competitive inhibitors affect enzymes?
a)
It binds to the active site, blocking the substrate
b)
It changes the shape of the enzyme
c)
It increases the activation energy
d)
It decreases the activation energy
58.
How do non-competitive inhibitors affect enzymes?
a)
It binds to the active site, blocking the substrate
b)
It changes the shape of the enzyme
c)
It increases the activation energy
d)
It decreases the activation energy
59.

Consider a scientist adding more enzyme to this sample from the graph. Explain how the rate of reaction will change when more enzyme is added.

a)

decrease

b)

increase

c)

stay constant

60.

Consider a scientist adding more enzyme to this sample from the graph. Explain how the rate of reaction will change when more enzyme is added.

a)

decrease

b)

increase

c)

stay constant

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