Label 1

(a)  

Label 2

(a)  

Label 3

(a)  

Label 4

(a)  

Label 5

(a)  

Label 6

(a)  

Label 7

(a)  

Label 8

(a)  

Label 9

(a)  

Label 10

(a)  

Urinary system consists of (a)   kidneys (kids),

the ureter connects to the bladder, the release hose from the bladder is called the (a)   Franklin (reference to Arethra Franklin)

The kidneys are kidney (a)   shaped

The kidneys are kidney bean shaped and about the size of your (a)  

Dietary proteins break

down to amino 

acids. Metabolized amino

acids form toxic (a)  

(NH₃)

the liver converts

ammonia to (a)   (NH₂)

which is removed from the

blood by the

kidneys

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

(a)  

Renal Corpuscle is composed of: (a)   and Glomerular capsule (Bowman’s Capsule)

Renal Corpuscle is composed of: Glomerulus and _______ _______ (Bowman’s Capsule)

(a)  

Glomerular filtrate collects in (a)   , flows into renal tubule

Glomerular filtrate collects in capsular space, flows into _____ _____

(a)  

•Filtrate formed per (a)   in Bowman’s capsule

Fluid that enters the capsule space of the glomerulus is called ______ ______

(a)  

–Essentially glomerular filtrate is filtered (a)   (minus the plasma proteins).

•More then 99% of glumerular filtrate is returned to the blood by t______ _____

(a)  

(a)    ­GFR = urine output rises $$\rightarrow$$  dehydration, electrolyte depletion

-increased or decreased?

(a)    ­GFR = urine output decreases $$\rightarrow$$  waste reabsorbed.

Increased or decreased?

•GFR controlled by adjusting glomerular ____ _____

–autoregulation

–sympathetic control

–hormonal mechanism: renin and angiotensin

(a)  

•It's time to clean-out the garage.  It's full of "stuff".  You decide to clean the floor and move everything out to the driveway.  When the floor is dry, you move things back to the garage--but only the things you want to keep. * The "junk" is bagged-up ***and put out with the trash.**** Because you have gotten rid of so much stuff you have more room, you go out and buy new stuff .*****

•* Glomerular filtrate

•** Tubular Reabsorption

•*** Urea

•****Micturition

•*****Secretion

•Glomerulus

•Bowman’s capsule

•Proximal convoluted tubule

•Descending limb of the loop of Henle- this part of the loop dips into the medulla

•Loop of Henle- connects the proximal to the distal convoluted tubules

•Ascending limb of the loop of Henle- this part takes the LOOP (hairpin curve) and returns to the renal cortex

•Distal convoluted tubule

•Collecting ducts- the place where the distal convoluted tubules dump

•Papillary ducts- converging of many collecting ducts

•Get Back! Please Don’t Look At Dairy Cows Peeing

•Ureters- (a)   contraction in the walls of the ureters push urine to the bladder

–A foot long

–At the end of the ureters is a hole that acts like a valve that shuts when the bladder gets full, preventing back flush

•mucosa - transitional epithelium

lumen very narrow, easily obstructed

(a)   -urination, voiding, number one, peeing

•When the bladder gets full, (a)   receptors initiate the spinal nerves to open the sphincters

•Because the external sphincter is (a)   muscle we can over ride this reflex and “Hold it!”

This maneuver aids in:

–aids in expulsion of urine by ­ pressure on bladder

–can also activate micturition reflex voluntarily

(a)  

•A lack of the ability to hold it is called (a)   , failure to void completely is called retention

•A lack of the ability to hold it is called incontinence, failure to void completely is called (a)  

•pH- normal avg. (a)   ?

put a number

•urine weight compared to water, should be 1.001-1.035, just slightly heavier then water, but not much more or the urine will have substances in it

Referring to?

(a)  

(a)   •a protein in the blood, big molecule, if found in large amounts then the membranes of the kidney are damaged enough to let it through

______ •If too much _____ is in the blood (usually above 300 ppm) it will spill into the urine, no _____ should be found in the urine, suspect diabetes

(a)  

•_____ - if found in urine it may be due to menstrual ____, trauma to the genitals or kidney stones

(a)  

• (a)   - possible infection or not a “clean catch”, if infection is suspected must be correlated with other tests

The inner area of the kidney is known as?

(a)