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WorksheetsBio 3.1.3 Mutations
Total questions: 41
Worksheet time: 21mins
Which would a scientist most likely examine to locate gene mutations?
DNA
tRNA
muscles
carbohydrates
A mutation in which cell can create a change in heritable traits?
body cell
gamete cell
somatic cell
prokaryote cell
Which situation is most likely to result in a mutation that is passed on to an offspring?
ultraviolet radiation causing skin cancer
a longtime smoker developing cancer in the lungs
exposure to a chemical that affects gamete formation
exposure to a chemical that affects the nervous system
Which will most likely cause an increase in the frequency of genetic mutations in humans?
increased exposure to mold spores in the air
increased exposure to the rising levels of atmospheric CO
increased exposure to bacteria in drinking water
increased exposure to X-rays
What type of cell passes on mutations?
. skin cell
nerve cell
red blood cell
egg cell
In organisms that reproduce sexually, mutations can only be inherited by offspring if they occur in which of the following?
any body cell of the father
any body cell of the mother
only the eggs of the mother
either the eggs or the sperm of the parents
Which cell will most likely pass on a heritable change to offspring if a mutation occurs in the DNA?
skin cell
brain cell
sperm cell
muscle cell
What could account for a new trait in an adult organism?
mutation
crossing over
random mating
sexual selection
What is the most likely outcome from DNA mutation of an organism?
daughter cells created
different proteins assembled
fewer daughter cells created
cell becomes exposed to radiation
Which is a change in DNA which can result in a change in amino acid sequence, protein function, or phenotype?
mutation
transcription
DNA replication
protein synthesis
When is the amino acid sequence of a protein most likely to be altered?
when the protein experiences a change in function
when there is a change in the DNA sequence that codes for the protein
when the ribosome changes the order in which the amino acids are placed
when the environment of the cell becomes warm enough to denature the protein
What is most likely to result when a mutation affects a DNA sequence?
The codons will be unable to create bonds with the enzymes
The nucleic acids will be unable to create bonds with the ribosomes
The amino acid sequence will be changed and a different protein will be formed.
The protein sequence will be changed and a different set of nucleic acids will be formed.
Sickle cell anemia is a condition that affects the shape of a person’s red blood cells. Normal red blood cells are round, but the red blood cells of a person with sickle cell anemia are shaped like crescent moons.
Sickle cell anemia is passed from parent to offspring. How did a change from the normal red blood cell shape MOST likely originate?
from a parasitic infection
from excessive exposure to sunlight
from a mutation in the DNA of a gene
from prolonged exposure to chemicals
What is most likely to occur if a chemical induces a mutation in a gene that codes for a cell wall protein in an onion?
The onion skin will turn purple.
The onion will no longer taste good.
The onion cells will glow in the dark
Cells in the onion will become an odd shape as the onion grows.
Which type of mutation would have the most long-term effect on a family, a mutation in a gamete or a mutation in a body cell?
A mutation in a gamete, because it would affect the genotype of future family members
A mutation in a body cell, because it would affect the genotype of future family members.
A mutation in a gamete, because it would affect the genotype of a member of the family for life.
A mutation in a body cell, because it would affect the genotype of a member of the family for life.
What is the most likely outcome from DNA mutation of an organism? A
daughter cells created
different proteins assembled
fewer daughter cells created
cell becomes exposed to radiation
Which is an example of a genetic mutation?
An extra nucleotide is added during DNA replication.
A child does not look like either one of its parents exactly.
A bacterial cell placed in a petri dish begins to divide uncontrollably.
An mRNA strand is copied incorrectly, causing a harmful change in the protein it was supposed to help create.
Which mutation in DNA affects only one nucleotide in a sequence?
inversion
frameshift
substitution
translocation
Which statement best explains how mutations change the shape of flu virus antigens, preventing the attachment of antibodies?
Mutations allow for the exchange of antigens among virus species.
Mutations cause overproduction of new antigens on the surface of the virus.
Mutations change the amino acid sequence of the protein, resulting in a change in the nucleotide sequence.
Mutations change the nucleotide sequence of the gene, resulting in a different arrangement of amino acids.
Which type of mutation is shown in the following DNA
sequence?
ACTGCA >>>>> AGTGCA
insertion
deletion
frameshift
substitution
Instead of a DNA code reading ACG TTA CCG, a mutation causes it to be coded as ACG ATA CCG. Which type of mutation is responsible for this change?
addition
deletion
substitution
chromosomal
Which would most likely cause a phenotype change?
ribosome change
nucleus mutates
protein sequence deletion
amino acid sequence deletion
Which mutation in DNA affects the whole DNA sequence after the point mutation?
inversion
frameshift
substitution
translocation
. Consider the DNA sequence below: TAC GCA CTG The sequence was exposed to radiation and formed this mutated sequence: TAC GCA GTA CTG What type of mutation is this an example of?
addition
deletion
nondisjunction
substitution
The diagram below shows a normal portion of a gene sequence and three mutated sequences of DNA. What type of mutation is shown in sequence C?
insertion
deletion
substitution
frame shift
A small portion of a normal DNA gene sequence that codes for a particular protein has the following bases: TCG ATG CCA.
Which mutated sequences would most likely have serious consequences in protein function?
TCT ATG CCA
TCG ATG CAA
TAC GAT GCA A
TCG ATG CCC
Some of the existing genes of an organism mutated randomly. Below shows the DNA sequence before and after. Before: A T C G U T A T A G G A C T C
After: A T C G U T A G G A C T C
What will most likely be the result of the above mutation?
The organism will lose some of its traits.
The ribosomes will try to fix the DNA sequence.
Different proteins than before will be produced.
The ribosome will not create proteins using this gene sequence.
Observe the amino acid sequence below.
Before:
METHIONINE – VALINE – PROLINE – LYSINE – LEUCINE After: METHIONINE – VALINE – PROLINE – LYSINE – SERINE – LEUCINE
Which type of mutation is shown above?
insertion
substitution
radioactive
chromosomal
What type of mutation results when an extra nucleotide is added into a DNA strand?
deletion
substitution
insertion
translocation
A chemical mutagen interacted with DNA to cause a change in the DNA sequence.
TGC CTA AGT AAT AT
TGC CAA GTA ATA T
What kind of mutation has occurred?
deletion
insertion
inversion
substitution
What type of mutation results when a nucleotide is missing from a DNA strand?
deletion
addition
substitution
translocation
A scientist is studying a type of anaerobic bacteria known to be unable to survive exposure to oxygen. The scientist later finds some bacteria in the species that can survive when exposed to oxygen. What best explains the development of these new bacteria?
variation resulting from meiosis
variation resulting from binary fission
mutation of genes in some of the bacteria
recombination of genes due to sexual reproduction
A DNA mutation has occurred within a gene that codes for an important digestive enzyme. As a result, the enzyme functions more slowly. Which is most likely to occur to compensate for this genetic change:
As less food is digested, the enzyme will naturally speed up
Genes for enzymes that have similar functions will turn on and be expressed.
The organism containing the mutated gene will produce more offspring than expected.
A second mutation will occur in the same gene to correct the negative impact on the enzyme.
A plate containing yellow colonies of bacteria is exposed to radiation. The next day the colonies are larger; some colonies have yellow centers and white edges. What has happened?
The bacteria have stopped growing.
The radiation has done nothing to the bacterial DNA.
The plate has become contaminated with bacteria from the air.
The gene coding for the protein producing yellow coloring has been mutated
Scientists are studying the effects of radiation on sea creatures. They have collected this data.
Which statement is best supported by the data ?
Chemical exposure causes coral mutations.
Radiation exposure does not affect coral growth.
Corals with little exposure are eventually affected.
Radiation results in different amino acid sequences for corals.
A chemical spill has occurred near a marsh. Scientists record data about the marsh, especially cattails, and their results are shown below.
Examine the data
Which is best supported by the data?
radiation causes cattails to mutate
chemicals do not affect cattail growth
cattails furthest from the spill are eventually affected
chemicals cause cattails to produce different or less proteins
Tobacco contains chemicals known as carcinogens. What do these chemicals do?
cause cancer
make tobacco more addictive
make tobacco safer than street drugs
help relieve stress when using tobacco
Which best describes a mutation induced by radiation?
a change in structure of the DNA molecule
a nucleotide in the DNA molecule
the formation of a DNA molecule
a change in DNA sequence
1. Which disease is caused by prolonged exposure to chemicals?
lung cancer
hemophilia
Huntington’s disease
sickle cell anemia
What would most likely cause a mutation in the DNA of an organism?
mitosis
heat exposure
DNA replication
radiation exposure
Where in the body of an organism can early environmental damages to DNA be discovered?
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
genes
