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WorksheetsBY 121 Final Review pt 2
Total questions: 45
Worksheet time: 23mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
According to the First Law of Thermodynamics, the energy in the universe can be transferred from one form to another but it cannot be
a)
stored
b)
created
c)
destroyed
d)
created nor destroyed
e)
used for cells
2.
This refers to metabolic pathways by which cells break down complex molecules to release chemical energy.
a)
noncyclic pathway
b)
cyclic pathway
c)
anabolism
d)
catabolism
e)
automatic pathway
3.
The molecule that is considered the energy currency of cells, which transfers energy to other molecules (along with a phosphate group), is
a)
glucose
b)
cellulose
c)
starch
d)
ATP
e)
caffeine
4.
This term refers to any chemical reaction or physiological process that requires oxygen.
a)
respiration
b)
aerobic
c)
anaerobic
d)
oxygenation
e)
phosphorylation
5.
In plants, the clusters of light-harvesting pigments that capture energy from sunlight are found in or on
a)
the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts
b)
vacuoles in the cytoplasm
c)
leaf surfaces
d)
the outer membrane of chloroplasts
e)
cell walls
6.
This series of metabolic reactions are also known as the Calvin cycle, and convert CO2 into glucose.
a)
Cellular Respiration
b)
Glycolysis
c)
Light-Dependent Reactions
d)
Light-Independent Reactions
e)
Rubisco
7.
Proteins that function as “molecular matchmakers” by helping specific reactions occur much faster than they would on their own are called
a)
enzymes
b)
cofactors
c)
products
d)
reactants
e)
acids
8.
Which of the following is part of the cellular respiration?
a)
glycolysis
b)
Krebs Cycle
c)
oxidative phosphorylation
d)
all of the above
e)
none of the above
9.
Glycolysis is a/an
a)
important part of photosynthesis
b)
aerobic process
c)
anaerobic process
d)
process that occurs in the chloroplasts
e)
process that occurs in mitochondria
10.
The second stage of cellular respiration occurs in the
a)
cytoplasm
b)
nucleus
c)
nucleoplasm
d)
mitochondria
e)
nerve net
11.
Cellular respiration
a)
occurs only in animal cells, because plants carry on photosynthesis
b)
utilizes proteins as a primary energy source
c)
is the only cellular mechanism that yields ATP
d)
produces oxygen as a waste product
e)
enables living organisms to utilize energy stored in glucose
12.
Before Mendel’s research and the modern discovery of genes, it was thought that heredity was due to this process.
a)
particulate inheritance
b)
blending inheritance
c)
mixing of parental blood
d)
crossing over
e)
environmental stimulus
13.
An individual that has two different alleles for a particular gene is
a)
homozygous
b)
heterozygous
c)
haplo-diploid
d)
heterotropic
e)
homotropic
14.
An allele that masks the effects of another allele is said to be
a)
autosomal
b)
homozygous
c)
dominant
d)
heterozygous
e)
phenotypic
15.
Binary fission is a mode of bacterial reproduction that also can be described as ____________ because it results in daughter cells that are identical to the original cell.
a)
mitosis
b)
meiosis
c)
asexual reproduction
d)
sexual reproduction
e)
fertilization
16.
__________________ refers to the particular alleles that an individual carries, while __________________ refers to an individual’s observable traits.
a)
phenotype, genotype
b)
genotype, phenotype
c)
recessive, dominant
d)
homozygous, heterozygous
e)
genotype, karyotype
17.
Sister chromatids are attached to each other at a region known as the
a)
metaphase
b)
nucleolus
c)
cytokinesis
d)
F2 generation
e)
centromere
18.
In a cross between two heterozygous individuals, what is the probability that the offspring will be homozygous dominant? (Use a Punnett square to predict)
a)
1/16
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
19.
In a cross between a heterozygous individual and a homozygous recessive individual, what is the probability that the offspring will be homozygous recessive?
a)
no chance!
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
20.
The modern interpretation of Mendel’s law of segregation recognizes that
a)
Mendel did not understand DNA
b)
homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis and end up in different gametes
c)
a cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) will always produce 3 individuals with the dominant phenotype and 1 with the recessive phenotype
d)
different genes occur on different chromosomes
e)
dominant and recessive alleles cannot be on the same chromosome
21.
Mendel’s dihybrid experiments revealed that
a)
alleles for one trait segregated into gametes independently from the alleles for another trait
b)
crossing two hybrids produces a random assortment of offspring
c)
it is possible to produce hybrid plants
d)
alleles are on chromosomes
e)
some genes are linked on the same chromosome
22.
When two nonidentical alleles (for example, A and B in human blood types) are both fully expressed in heterozygotes, that trait is said to have
a)
epistasis
b)
pleiotropy
c)
codominance
d)
incomplete dominance
e)
sex-linkage
23.
In snapdragons, genotype RR produces red flowers, rr produces white flowers, but Rr has pink flowers. This is an example of
a)
blending inheritance
b)
codominance
c)
mutation
d)
incomplete dominance
e)
continuous variation
24.
Coat color in dogs is regulated by two genes (B and E). Alleles B and b designate colors (black or brown). What does the gene E do?
a)
It produces a spotted dog, if the individual has two dominant alleles (EE)
b)
Gene E can suppress the coat color, resulting in a yellow coat if the individual has two recessive alleles (ee)
c)
If a dog has gene B, it will not have gene E
d)
Gene E causes b to designate black
e)
Gene E does nothing, because it is recessive to gene B
25.
This term refers to chromosomes that are the same in males and females, in contrast to the sex chromosomes.
a)
sister chromatids
b)
centrosomes
c)
X chromosomes
d)
autosomes
e)
dominant chromosomes
26.
Why is the sex of a child said to be determined by the father?
a)
Because the female gamete (ovum) is non-mobile
b)
Because the genes for sex determination are on the X chromosome
c)
Because the mother donates an X chromosome, while the father donates an X or a Y
d)
Because the genes for sex determination are on the Y chromosome
e)
Because males are dominant
27.
In the absence of the SRY gene, which of the following occurs?
a)
The individual is sterile (unable to reproduce)
b)
The embryo develops as a male.
c)
The embryo develops as a female.
d)
The individual develops testes
e)
The embryo does not develop
28.
This diagnostic technique provides a way of detecting abnormal chromosomal numbers or structures.
a)
test cross
b)
dihybrid cross
c)
PCR
d)
reverse meiosis
e)
karyotyping
29.
What is the probability that a child will have an autosomal dominant genetic disorder if one parent is normal, and one is heterozygous? (Use a Punnett square to test)
a)
0
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
30.
What is the probability that a child will have an autosomal recessive genetic disorder if both parents are carriers? (Use a Punnett square to test)
a)
0
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
31.
What is the probability that a male will have a sex-linked recessive disorder if his mother was carrier for the disorder?
a)
0
b)
0.25
c)
0.5
d)
0.75
e)
1
32.
This term refers to the physical location of a gene on a chromosome.
a)
locus
b)
centromere
c)
chromatid
d)
allele
e)
karyotype
33.
This refers to a cell that has more than 2 copies of each and every chromosome, for example: 3n, 4n, 5n, etc.
a)
polyploidy
b)
aneuploidy
c)
monosomy
d)
trisomy
e)
autosomy
34.
This refers to the loss of some portion of a chromosome, usually causing serious or lethal disorders.
a)
inversion
b)
insertion
c)
deletion
d)
translocation
e)
subtraction
35.
This term refers to single traits, such as eye color or body size, that are governed by more than one gene.
a)
pleiotropy
b)
epistasis
c)
polygenic
d)
polyploidy
e)
autosomal
36.
This term refers to the exchange of gene regions between two different chromosomes.
a)
deletion
b)
insertion
c)
inversion
d)
aneuploidy
e)
translocation
37.
In cell biology, what is meant by the term 'nondisjunction'?
a)
Failure of cells to divide
b)
Inheritance patterns different than predicted by Mendel
c)
When a recessive allele is dominant
d)
When a pair of chromosomes fail to separate properly
e)
When the offspring have a different phenotype than predicted by a Punnett square
38.
Down syndrome is an example of a/an
a)
sex-linked recessive disorder
b)
autosomal dominant disorder
c)
aneuploidy
d)
polyploidy
e)
trait influenced by the environment, not genetics
39.
In eukaryotes, nuclear division that results in cells with half the DNA of the original cell is called
a)
fission
b)
mitosis
c)
meiosis
d)
budding
e)
nuclear revision
40.
In eukaryotes, chromosomes consist of
a)
DNA only
b)
DNA plus histones (structural proteins)
c)
DNA and/or RNA
d)
two different genes
e)
hundreds of copies of one gene
41.
Gametes (sex cells) have one copy of each chromosome (i.e., one set), which is half the number of chromosomes in most cells of the body. In terms of chromosome number, gametes are
a)
haploid
b)
diploid
c)
triploid
d)
tetraploid
e)
none of these
42.
A pair of chromosomes that have a similar shape and code for all of the same traits are said to be
a)
homozygous
b)
homologous
c)
heterozygous
d)
heterotrophic
e)
alleles
43.
This biological process probably evolved as a mechanism to increase genetic variation in populations; moreover, this process provides an adaptive advantage for populations in an ever-changing environment.
a)
sexual reproduction
b)
mitosis
c)
DNA replication
d)
asexual reproduction
e)
gene expression
44.
Homologous chromosomes separate during this stage of meiosis:
a)
telophase I
b)
telophase II
c)
prophase II
d)
anaphase I
e)
anaphase II
45.
The reproductive process that restores the diploid number is ______________________, which brings together two haploid gametes to form a new cell called a ________________.
a)
mitosis, meiosis
b)
meiosis, mitosis
c)
transcription, translation
d)
fertilization, zygote
e)
mutation, pollination
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