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general principle of ecology

Total questions: 272

Worksheet time: 3hrs 52mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Organisms like fungus and bacteria that break down organic matter into simpler compounds
a)
decomposers
b)
detritivores
c)
scavengers
d)
carnivores
2.
Process by which chemicals are used as a source of energy instead of light.
a)
photosynthesis
b)
autotrophes
c)
chemosynthesis
d)
aquasynthesis
3.
Living factor in an ecosystem (plants, animals).
a)
abiotic
b)
energy
c)
biotic
d)
matter
4.
All the living communities in an area PLUS the abiotic factors.
a)
population
b)
ecosystem
c)
biome
d)
habitat
5.
Non living factor in an ecosystem (rocks, water, air)
a)
biotic
b)
organism
c)
humus
d)
abiotic
6.
Organism that eats only plants.
a)
herbivore
b)
omnivore
c)
carnivore
d)
detritivore
7.
Regional type of ecosystem characterized by a particular climate and plant community.
a)
ecosystem
b)
biome
c)
habitat
d)
community
8.
Consumer that eats only one type of organism (ex. Anteater)
a)
generalist
b)
keystone species
c)
specialist
d)
carnivore
9.
Level of nourishment in a food chain (ex primary consumer)
a)
web level
b)
top predator
c)
omnivore
d)
trophic level
10.
Model that shows the movement of energy and complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
a)
food chain
b)
food web
c)
energy pyramid
d)
trophic level
11.
Model that shows the movement of energy and complex feeding relationships in an ecosystem.
a)
food chain
b)
food web
c)
energy pyramid
d)
trophic level
12.
Study of interactions between living things and their environment.
a)
Biology
b)
chemistry
c)
paleontology
d)
ecology
13.
Organism the eats both plants and animals.
a)
herbivore
b)
omnivore
c)
carnivore
d)
decomposer
14.

Organism that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem.

a)

top predator

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

producer

d)

keystone species

15.

Organism that has an unusually large effect on its ecosystem.

a)

top predator

b)

tertiary consumer

c)

producer

d)

keystone species

16.
Species the does not rely on a single source of prey (brown bear).
a)
specialist
b)
generalist
c)
keystone species
d)
top predator
17.
Collection of all the different populations that live in an ecosystem.
a)
community
b)
biome
c)
habitat
d)
assemblage
18.
A measure of the number of different species in an ecosystem
a)
biodiversity
b)
species eveness
c)
species eveness
d)
ecosystem diversity
19.
Organism that obtains it�s energy and by consuming other organisms.
a)
autotroph
b)
producer
c)
fungus
d)
heterotroph
20.
Organism that makes its own food from abiotic sources.
a)
autotroph
b)
producer
c)
fungus
d)
heterotroph
21.
Simple model that links organisms based on their feeding relationships in a single line.
a)
food pyramid
b)
food chain
c)
food web
d)
venn diagram
22.
Organism that obtains energy from eating only animals.
a)
herbivore
b)
omnivore
c)
producer
d)
carnivore
23.

A group of biological communities that interact with the physical environment is

a)

The biosphere

b)

The ecosystem

c)

The habitat

d)

The population

24.

The presence of interbreeding individuals in one place at a given time is called a

a)

Biological community

b)

Population

c)

Ecosystem

d)

Niche

25.

The place where an organism lives out its life...

a)

niche

b)

habitat

c)

land

d)

biome

26.

Which of these levels of organization includes all of the other levels?

a)

Community

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Individual

d)

Population

27.

Which would be an abiotic factor for a tree in the forest?

a)

A caterpillar eating its leaves

b)

Wind blowing through its branches

c)

A bird nesting in its branches

d)

Fungus growing on its roots

28.

Which would be an abiotic factor for a tree in the forest?

a)

A caterpillar eating its leaves

b)

Wind blowing through its branches

c)

A bird nesting in its branches

d)

Fungus growing on its roots

29.

The insect in the photo above is gathering pollen and nectar for food, but at the same time is aiding in the plant's reproduction. What does this relationship demonstrate?

a)

Predation

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Parasitism

30.

What term best describes the bee's role of gathering pollen?

a)

Niche

b)

Predator

c)

Parasite

d)

Habitat

31.

Which type of heterotroph best describes a snake eating a rat?

a)

Herbivore

b)

Carnivore

c)

Omnivore

d)

Detritivore

32.

How does energy first enter a pond ecosystem?

a)

Through growth of algae

b)

Through light from the Sun

c)

Through decay of dead fish

d)

Through runoff from fields

33.

Which statement is true about energy in an ecosystem?

a)

Energy for most ecosystems originates from the Sun

b)

Energy most often is released as light from an ecosystem

c)

Energy flows from heterotrophs to autotrophs

d)

Energy levels increase toward the top of the food chain

34.

What does the illustration represent?

a)

A food web

b)

A food chain

c)

An ecological pyramid

d)

A pyramid of energy

35.

Which organism in the illustration is an autotroph?

a)

Frog

b)

Grasshopper

c)

Fox

d)

Grass

36.

Which is a detritivore?

a)

Cat

b)

Mouse

c)

Crayfish

d)

Sunflower

37.

Because nitrogen is required for growth, it is considered an essential

a)

Nitrate

b)

Nutrient

c)

Gas

d)

Matter

38.

Converting nitrogen from a gas to a useable form by bacteria is

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Denitrification

c)

Biogeochemical cycle

d)

Lithospheric process

39.

The movement of chemicals on a global scale from abiotic through biotic parts of the environment is a

a)

Lithospheric process

b)

Oxygen cycle

c)

Denitrification

d)

Biogeochemical cycle

40.

What is the name of the process in which bacteria and lightning convert nitrogen into compounds that are useful to plants?

a)

Ammonification

b)

Denitrification

c)

Nitrate cycle

d)

Nitrogen fixation

41.

Where is the largest concentration of nitrogen found?

a)

Animals

b)

Atmosphere

c)

Bacteria

d)

Plants

42.

What is the name of the process in which bacteria and lightning convert nitrogen into compounds that are useful to plants?

a)

Ammonification

b)

Denitrification

c)

Nitrate cycle

d)

Nitrogen fixation

43.

What are the two major life processes that involve carbon and oxygen?

a)

Coal formation and photosynthesis

b)

Photosynthesis and respiration

c)

Fuel combustion and open burning

d)

Death and decay

44.

What are the two major life processes that involve carbon and oxygen?

a)

Coal formation and photosynthesis

b)

Photosynthesis and respiration

c)

Fuel combustion and open burning

d)

Death and decay

45.

Which would be considered an ecosystem?

a)

Bacteria living in a deep ocean vent

b)

Biotic factors in a forest

c)

Living and nonliving things in a pond

d)

Populations of zebras and lions

46.
Biodiversity refers to
a)
extinct species
b)
the variety of species on Earth
c)
nonrenewable resources
d)
the rate of species decline
47.
When taken to a new habitat, non-native plants often threaten native plants of the new habitat.  Why do they do this?
a)
Non-native plants are able to mutate rapidly
b)
Non-native  plants cause native animals to relocate
c)
Non-native plants are able to be used for medicine
d)
Non-native plants compete with native plants for resources
48.
What effect will an invasive species have on the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
a)
The carrying capacity will increase
b)
The carrying capacity for everyone will decrease
c)
The carrying capacity will only decrease for those in competition for same resource
d)
The carrying capacity for all animals will stay the same
49.
Kudzu has overgrown many parts of southern Missouri and native ground plants have disappeared from the area. This is an example of:
a)
Parasitism between kudzu and the native plants
b)
A predator prey relationship between ground plants and kudzu
c)
Competition occurring between the native and invasive species
d)
Commesalism occurring between the kudzo and native plants
50.
The field mouse population in Australia has grown so fast that they eat an average of  $4 billion of wheat every year. Their fast growth is caused by:
a)
A. The mice like to reproduce
b)
B. A lack of a native species to eat the field mouse
c)
C. Abundant food supply
d)
Both B and C
51.
How did the zebra mussels end up in the Great Lakes?
a)
In ballast tanks of ships
b)
They were intentionally released
c)
They have always been in the Great Lakes
d)
That's not a zebra mussel
52.
How did the zebra mussels end up in the Great Lakes?
a)
In ballast tanks of ships
b)
They were intentionally released
c)
They have always been in the Great Lakes
d)
That's not a zebra mussel
53.
These were released in Australia to eat cane beetles, but now they are an invasive species and number in the millions.
a)
dingo
b)
Kangaroo
c)
Cane toad
d)
Rabbits
54.
1. What makes a species invasive?
a)
Moving to a new ecosystem and taking resources from natives 
b)
Not having papers
c)
Species that can't adapt
d)
Plants that take up too much space
55.
What kind of organisms can become invasive? 
a)
Lions, Tigers, Bears
b)
Plants, Animals, or Pathogens 
c)
Animals
d)
Plants
56.
If a blue catfish is introduced and eats the large fish who eat the smaller fish, what will happen to the population of the smaller fish?
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stay the same
d)
No affect on smaller fish
57.
Which of the following is a key characteristic of most invasive species?
a)
Ability to breathe in the air & in the water
b)
Large, sharp teeth
c)
Produce many offspring
d)
Is a top predator
58.
What is a native specie?
a)
A specie that is local and has lived in the same place
b)
A specie who has come from another state or country
c)
A specie that has no "home" and travels for its whole life
d)
None of the above
59.
The lack of natural predators makes populations of invasive species unmanageable?
a)
True
b)
False
60.
A population of an organism will only grow exponentially if:
a)
The resources are unlimited
b)
They want to
c)
The resources are limited
d)
They do not like to compete
61.
Species that are indigenous to an area with no human intervention
a)
invasive species
b)
native species
c)
all species that live in an ecosystem
62.
Invasive species have a negative impact on...
a)
the ecosystem
b)
the economy
c)
Both the ecosystem and the economy
d)
None of these
63.
Invasive species have a negative impact on...
a)
the ecosystem
b)
the economy
c)
Both the ecosystem and the economy
d)
None of these
64.
What do invasive species do to the habitat they move into? (paragraph 2)
a)
crowd out local plants and animals
b)
eat all the mice and deer
c)
create a food chain
65.
What's one EFFECT of pythons invading the Everglades?
a)
the number of small mammals, like mice, are decreasing
b)
the number of white-tailed deer is increasing
c)
pythons can grow to be 18 feet long
66.
What's one problem with the pythons gobbling up all the small animals in the Everglades park? (paragraph 4)
a)
other animals can't find any food
b)
the deer weighed a total of 160 pounds
c)
Scientists don't know exactly how many pythons are out there
67.
Fire ants were introduced into the US by 
a)
Groundskeepers to the Governor's mansion in Alabama
b)
Stowing away on a cargo ship sailing from India 
c)
Stuck in a pant leg of a tourist coming in from South America
d)
A ship that used soil from South America as ballast
68.

Invasive species alter the ecosystem by _____ in number quickly. This leads to _____ food for the native species.

a)

increasing, less

b)

increasing, more

c)

decreasing, less

d)

decreasing, more

69.

Which of these words does NOT describe an invasive species?

a)

alien

b)

intruder

c)

non-native

d)

natural

70.

Click on the map to help answer this question. What can we predict about the population of Feral Swine for the year 2016?

a)

There will be less feral swine in 2016 than there were in 1982.

b)

There will be more feral swine in 2016 than there were in 2010

c)

There were fewer feral swine in 2004 than 1982.

d)

There will be no change in feral swine population.

71.

The place where an organism lives in order to obtain its food, water, shelter and other things needed for survival is called a ---

a)

Niche.

b)

Habitat.

c)

Home.

d)

Ecosystem.

72.

The particular role (job) of an organism in its environment, including types of food it eats, how it obtains its food and how it interacts with other organisms is called a ---

a)

Niche.

b)

Habitat.

c)

Home.

d)

Ecosystem.

73.

A species indigenous to a certain region or ecosystem naturally is a ---

a)

Native Species.

b)

Accidental Species.

c)

Introduced Species.

d)

Invasive Species.

74.

Invasive species cause harm to the --- [choose 3]

a)

economy.

b)

atmosphere only.

c)

environment.

d)

health of organisms.

e)

water only.

75.

Invasive species --- [choose 3]

a)

take over the habitat of other organisms.

b)

increases the populations of native organisms.

c)

decrease biodiversity.

d)

increase biodiversity.

e)

cause the populations of native organisms to decrease.

76.

TRUE or FALSE? Invasive species can be introduced to an ecosystem accidentally.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

TRUE or FALSE? Invasive species can be introduced to an ecosystem accidentally.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Invasive plants out-compete native plants for --- [choose 3]

a)

sunlight.

b)

water.

c)

oxygen.

d)

space.

79.

TRUE or FALSE? Invasive species can be introduced to an ecosystem intentionally.

a)

True

b)

False

80.

Biodiversity refers to ---

a)

extinct species.

b)

the variety of species on Earth.

c)

nonrenewable resources.

d)

the rate of species decline.

81.

Kudzu has overgrown many parts of South Carolina and native ground plants have disappeared from the area. This is an example of ---

a)

Parasitism between kudzu and the native plants.

b)

A predator prey relationship between ground plants and kudzu.

c)

Competition occurring between the native and invasive species.

d)

Commesalism occurring between the kudzu and native plants.

82.

What is a wetland?

a)

An area where water covers the soil

b)

An ocean

c)

A puddle of mud

83.

True or false, wetlands can be both freshwater and saltwater?

a)

False

b)

True

84.
What lives in a wetland?
a)
dogs, cats and horses
b)
frogs, snakes and ducks
c)
cows, crabs and gulls
85.
Wetlands are important because they are a ___________ for animals.
a)
hang out
b)
nest
c)
home
86.

Which environment do you see in the picture?

a)

sea environment

b)

mangrove environment

c)

coral reef environment

d)

pond environment

87.

Which Mangroves are found in Jamaica?

a)

Black Mangroves

b)

Green Mangroves

c)

Red Mangroves

d)

White Mangroves

88.

How can Mangroves stand still in the waves?

a)

By their roots

b)

By their stem

c)

By their leaves

89.

Which is a mangrove?

a)
b)
c)
d)
90.
Brackish means that the water is
a)
only salt water
b)
a mix of fresh and salt water
c)
only fresh water
91.

Why are Mangroves important?

a)

Mangroves protect shorelines from bad weather

b)

Mangroves are home to a large variety of fishes

c)

Mangroves protect the coral reefs.

92.

Which is NOT TRUE about mangroves?

a)

Muddy

b)

Shallow

c)

Trees/bushes

d)

Deep

93.

Which animals live in the mangrove?

a)

crab

b)

shrimp

c)

shells

d)

fishes

e)

octopus

94.

marine ecosystem

a)

temperature

b)

coral reef

c)

pond

d)

benthos

e)

nekton

95.

freshwater ecosystem

a)

temperature

b)

coral reef

c)

pond

d)

benthos

e)

nekton

96.

Swamps are commonly found on

a)

rocky hillsides.

b)

flat, poorly drained land.

c)

mountain peaks

d)

bottoms of ponds or lakes

97.

What are the two main types of freshwater wetlands?

a)

lakes and ponds

b)

rivers and streams

c)

littoral zones and benthic zones

d)

marshes and swamps

98.

Which ecosystem has the highest level of salinity?

a)

salt marsh

b)

brackish marsh

c)

river

d)

pond

99.
Which is NOT a freshwater ecosystem?
a)
a river
b)
a lake 
c)
an estuary
d)
a stream
100.
A wetland that contains a mixture of fresh water and salt water is called
a)
an estuary
b)
a stream
c)
a river
d)
a pond
101.
A wetland that contains a mixture of fresh water and salt water is called
a)
an estuary
b)
a stream
c)
a river
d)
a pond
102.
An ecosystem where water covers the soil or water is near the surface of the soil is called
a)
a desert
b)
an ocean
c)
an estuary
d)
a wetland
103.
Estuary water should have 
a)
less salt than the ocean
b)
more salt than the ocean
c)
no salt
104.
Plankton are NOT....
a)
top carnivores of pond food webs
b)
tiny, microscopic organisms
c)
easy prey for other aquatic life
d)
producers
105.

Marine ecosystems and Estuaries are the SAME. Is this statement True or False?

a)

True

b)

False

106.
The marine zone that is occupied by mostly decomposers and scavengers is called
a)
intertidal
b)
neritic
c)
surface
d)
deep
107.
The marine zone that is lit by sun and lies on the open ocean is called
a)
intertidal
b)
neritic
c)
surface
d)
deep
108.
What are the 2 types of aquatic biomes?
a)
rivers and streams
b)
lakes and oceans
c)
marine and fresh water
d)
marine and oceanic
109.
What aquatic biome is characterized by flowing fresh water?
a)
Lakes/Ponds
b)
Mangroves Swamps
c)
Rivers/Streams
d)
Coral Reefs
110.
Which of the following is the best definition for estuary?
a)
Narrow band of coastline that exists between high and low tide.
b)
Areas along the coast where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean.
c)
Flowing fresh water containing rapids.
d)
Freshwater aquatic areas that are saturated by water for at least part of the year.
111.
Which biome is pictured below?
a)
ocean
b)
freshwater
c)
coral reef 
d)
wetland
112.
Which of these is NOT a marine biome?
a)
open ocean
b)
deep ocean floor
c)
seashore
d)
wetlands
113.
Which of these is NOT a freshwater biome?
a)
coral reef
b)
flowing water
c)
wetlands
d)
ponds and lakes
114.
What do you call the non-living parts of an environment?
a)
biotic
b)
abiotic
c)
biome
d)
aquatic
115.
What do you call the living things that shape an environment?
a)
biotic
b)
abiotic
c)
biome
d)
aquatic
116.
Aquatic food webs begin with what?
a)
krill
b)
zooplankton
c)
phytoplankton
d)
plankton
117.
Plankton that are more animal in nature are called what?
a)
krill
b)
zooplankton
c)
phytoplankton
d)
plankton
118.
An area of shallow water with emergent plants and dominated by trees is a:
a)
bog
b)
swamp
c)
marsh
d)
wetland
119.

Found in clear, warm salt water with lots of sunlight; most marine organisms are found here.

a)

river

b)

swamp

c)

coral reef

d)

lake

120.

Aquatic organisms that swim actively in open ocean

a)

nekton

b)

benthos

c)

littoral

d)

plankton

121.

Which of the following are functions of wetlands?

a)

absorb pollutants

b)

provide habitat for many animals

c)

control floods by acting as a sponge for excess water

d)

all of the above

122.

The nutrient increase in a body of water caused by fertilizer runoff

a)

littoral zone

b)

fertilization

c)

benthic photosurrealism

d)

eutrophication

123.

The temperature of this environment is the same throughout the environment. It is a small body of water that is shallow and surrounded by land and the water is still.

a)

ocean

b)

river

c)

pond

d)

lake

124.

The temperature of this environment is the same throughout the environment. It is a small body of water that is shallow and surrounded by land and the water is still.

a)

ocean

b)

river

c)

pond

d)

lake

125.

The temperature of this environment is the same throughout the environment. It is a small body of water that is shallow and surrounded by land and the water is still.

a)

ocean

b)

river

c)

pond

d)

lake

126.

Why should we remove an invasive species?

a)

They won't be able to survive in a new environment.

b)

They will eat native species and cause other species to decrease.

c)

We should not remove them and let nature be.

127.

Which is a consequence of an increase in greenhouse gases?

a)

Ice caps freezing

b)

global cooling

c)

sea levels rising

128.

Which of the following are greenhouse gases?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

oxygen

d)

water vapor

129.

What do we need to replace nonrenewable resources with?

a)

renewable/sustainable resources

b)

other nonrenewable resources

c)

We don't need to replace them

130.

As species go extinct what will happen to the biodiversity in that ecosystem?

a)

Decrease

b)

Increase

c)

Stay the same

131.

What is biodiversity?

a)

All the same species living in one area

b)

the variability among organisms

c)

all the endangered species in one area

132.

What will happen to ocean life if the water gets warmer?

a)

They will be fine

b)

decrease in variation

c)

increase in variation

133.

Does what we do today to the environment affect those after us?

a)

NO

b)

YES

c)

MAYBE

134.

What is a good way to tell people the good about renewable resources and bad about fossil fuels?

a)

let them read it for themselves

b)

Education

c)

they already know

d)

they don't need to know

135.

Which are example of fossil fuels?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Coal

c)

Oil

d)

Natural gas

136.

Which are examples of renewable resources?

a)

coal

b)

wind power

c)

solar power

d)

water power

137.

What will happen to the populations of seals, polar bears and penguins if the ice caps melt?

a)

Populations will increase

b)

Nothing will happen to the populations

c)

Populations will decrease

138.

What happens when an ecosystem becomes less biodiverse?

a)

The stability of the ecosystem increases.

b)

The stability of the ecosystem decreases.

c)

The stability of the ecosystem remains the same.

d)

The ecosystem cannot survive.

139.

What causes acid rain?

a)

pollutants from burning fossil fuels

b)

runoff from agriculture

c)

Pesticide use

d)

CFCs

140.
 The term applied to a species that has no living members is _______________.
a)
endangered
b)
threatened
c)
extinct
d)
troubled
141.

Which term describes the effects of hunting and fishing for species without concern of the threat of their population.

a)

Overpopulation

b)

Habitat Loss

c)

Overexploitation

d)

Invasive Species

142.

What is a description of an invasive species?

a)

A non native species that causes a threat to an ecosystem

b)

A non native species that does not cause a threat to an ecosystem

c)

A native species that causes a threat to an ecosystem

d)

A native species that does not cause a threat to an ecosystem

143.

Which of the following is NOT an effect of overpopulation?

a)

Excessive use of natural resources

b)

Running out of land for farming/agriculture

c)

Increased diseases and epidemics

d)

Less production of plastics and garbage

144.

Which organisms are most affected by the biomagnification of toxins from pollutants?

a)

Producers

b)

Herbivores

c)

Primary Consumers

d)

Top predators

145.

Increased __________________ may cause global warming by trapping more heat in the atmosphere.

a)

water

b)

carbon dioxide

c)

oxygen

d)

water vapor

146.

Which of the following have been changed or altered due to climate change ?

a)

droughts

b)

flooding

c)

melting of polar ice caps

d)

all of the above

147.

How does the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect climate?

a)

As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures increase

b)

As carbon dioxide concentration increase, temperatures decrease.

c)

Carbon dioxide concentrations have no affect on climate

d)

As carbon dioxide concentrations increase, temperatures become more random.

148.

Which of the following can be considered types of pollution

a)

Sound

b)

Light

c)

Chemicals

d)

All of the above

149.

Deforestation leads to

a)

a decrease in biodiversity

b)

habitat loss

c)

an increase in carbon dioxide levels

d)

all of these

150.

What causes acid rain?

a)

High concentrations of sulfuric or nitric acid from pollution

b)

Fertilizer use

c)

Pesticide use

d)

CFCs

151.
Which of these problems can be caused by air pollution?
a)
Respiratory problems
b)
Reduced food sources for humans
c)
Increased disease for humans
d)
Decrease in global temperatures
152.
The ozone layer protects us from
a)
UV rays
b)
CFCs
c)
Increased atmospheric heat
d)
Decreased atmospheric heat
153.
The ozone layer protects us from
a)
UV rays
b)
CFCs
c)
Increased atmospheric heat
d)
Decreased atmospheric heat
154.
Greenhouses gases
a)
Absorb and radiate heat
b)
Destroy the ozone layer
c)
Cause respiratory problems
d)
Create smog
155.
Greenhouse gases, in moderate amounts, keep the Earth's temperature stable
a)
True
b)
False
156.
Increase in which gas is primarily responsible for increased global warming?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
Water vapor
c)
Methane
d)
Nitric oxides
157.
Can cause burning of the skin
a)
Lead
b)
Particle matter
c)
Sulfur dioxide
d)
Nitrogen oxides
158.

Choose the correct examples of air pollutants

a)

oxygen

b)

carbon monoxide

c)

chlorofluorocarbon

d)

smoke

e)

hydrogen

159.

Which pollutants come from exhaust of vehicles?

a)

chlorofluorocarbon

b)

smoke

c)

carbon monoxide

d)

radioactive carbon

e)

nitrogen dioxide

160.
Which of the following is an example of a primary pollutant?
a)
Acid rain
b)
Sick building syndrome
c)
Carbon monoxide
d)
Asbestos
161.
What does this diagram illustrate?
a)
Ozone Layer
b)
The Greenhouse Effect
c)
Ultraviolet Radiation
d)
Layers of the atmosphere
162.
Pollution hanging over urban areas that causes reduced visibility is called
a)
Air pollution
b)
Temperature inversion
c)
Light pollution
d)
Smog
163.

A rapid growth of algae could lead to:

a)

A reduction of oxygen levels in the water

b)

Water that can support more life

c)

An increase in oxygen levels

164.

There is nothing we can do to stop water pollution.

a)

True

b)

False

165.

What can happen to fish when there is not enough oxygen in the water?

a)

They can suffocate

b)

They can't float

c)

They can't see

d)

Nothing. Fish don't need oxygen

166.
Mandates the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the nation's waters
a)
Safe Drinking Water Act
b)
Clean Water Act
c)
Clean Air Act
d)
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
167.
Requires minimum safety standards for community water supplies
a)
Safe Drinking Water Act
b)
Clean Water Act
c)
Clean Air Act
d)
Resource Conservation Recovery Act
168.
Of the following cities, which regularly experiences the worst levels of photochemical smog that is enhanced by thermal inversions?
a)
New York City, NY
b)
Los Angeles, California
c)
Portland, Oregon
d)
Atlanta, Georgia
169.
The 3 main anthropogenic sources of gaseous air pollutants in the US are
a)
soil erosion, volcanoes, and forest fires
b)
soil erosion, volcanoes, and energy production
c)
industry, transportation, and energy production
d)
industry, transportation and agriculture
170.
Which of these is a well known carcinogen often found in mine tailings?
a)
Lead
b)
Mercury
c)
Asbestos
d)
Arsenic
171.
Which of these is a well known carcinogen often found in mine tailings?
a)
Lead
b)
Mercury
c)
Asbestos
d)
Arsenic
172.
The largest component of municipal solid waste in the US is:
a)
Paper
b)
Plastic
c)
Yard Trimmings
d)
Metal
173.
Uranium 238 decays to make this carcinogenic gas found in the bedrock
a)
Asbestos
b)
Radon
c)
Lead
d)
Thalidomide
174.
Mitigated by electrostatic precipitators
a)
Sulfur Dioxide
b)
Nitrogen Dioxide
c)
Acid Deposition
d)
PM2.5
175.
A neurotoxin that accumulates in food chains through biomagnification
a)
Pb
b)
Hg
c)
As
d)
CO
176.
Can be used to raise the pH of water, soil, and used in scrubbers
a)
H2SO4
b)
HNO3
c)
CaCO3
d)
CFC's
177.
Brownish-reddish gas that is a component of photochemical smog and also can lead to acid deposition
a)
NO2
b)
N2O
c)
SO2
d)
PANS
178.
Brownish-reddish gas that is a component of photochemical smog and also can lead to acid deposition
a)
NO2
b)
N2O
c)
SO2
d)
PANS
179.
Banned by the Montreal Protocol
a)
Ozone
b)
CFC
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Nitrous Oxide
180.
Which of the following is NOT a carcinogen?
a)
Arsenic
b)
Radon
c)
Asbestos
d)
Carbon Monoxide
181.
Plastics
a)
decompose readily in water
b)
Decompose slowly, if at all, and persist for decades
c)
Releases radioactive isotopes
d)
Decompose in landfills to produce methane
182.
The stratosphere
a)
Contains the most ozone
b)
Is closest to the sun
c)
Has the most oxygen
d)
Is where all weather takes place
183.
Which best describes leaching
a)
water flows through soil, landfills, or other areas dissolving materials and carrying it with the water to lower levels
b)
Acid rain is formed when water flows through a coal mine
c)
The use of drip irrigation
d)
A friend constantly borrows money but never pays it back
184.

Type of aquatic ecosystem that was once viewed as wasteland and drained by the government

a)

estuaries

b)

coral reefs

c)

open ocean

d)

wetlands

185.

Aquatic ecosystem that serves as a nursery for many species and suffers from pollution from city harbors like the Chesapeake Bay

a)

estuaries

b)

coral reefs

c)

open ocean

d)

wetlands

186.

Requires maximum level of contaminants (MCLs) to meet safety regulations for community tap water supplies

a)

Clean Water Act

b)

Kyoto Protocol

c)

Montreal Protocol

d)

Safe Drinking Water Act

187.

Policies to attain fishable and swimmable waters in the United States

a)

Clean Water Act

b)

Kyoto Protocol

c)

Montreal Protocol

d)

Safe Drinking Water Act

188.

An area where there are cold waters, low oxygen levels, and bottom-dwelling organisms.

a)

benthic zone

b)

littoral zone

c)

limnetic zone

d)

photic zone

189.
Mine site drainage can often cause this:
a)
Cultural eutrophication
b)
Acidic runoff
c)
Land subsidence
d)
Saltwater intrusion
190.
All of the following can happen to an adjacent river as a result of riparian deforestation EXCEPT:
a)
The water temperature will decrease.
b)
Dissolved oxygen in the water will decrease.
c)
Soil erosion will lead to increased turbidity.
d)
More pollutants such as animal waste and nutrients in soil or fertilizers will runoff into the water.
191.
Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution
a)
Effluent from a sewage treatment plant
b)
BP refiner in Indiana discharging ammonia in a river.
c)
Runoff of pesticides from regional farms into the Illinois River.
d)
Hot water discharges from a nuclear power plant.
192.
What is the danger in eating some fish from lakes or ocean?
a)
They may be invasive species.
b)
If abundant, they may lead to a crash in other species.
c)
If they are high on the food chain they may contain high levels of mercury or POP's like PCB's
d)
They may contain too many nutrients from fertilizers.
193.
Which of the following is a persistent inorganic pollutant that can impair neurological functioning?
a)
Lead 
b)
DDT
c)
PCB's
d)
Atrazine
194.
What is it called when a persistent pollutant (like mercury or PCBs) builds up in the tissues of an organism as they continue to eat something that contains the pollutant
a)
Subsidence
b)
Biomagnification
c)
Tragedy of the commons
d)
Bioaccumulation
195.
This law regulates the discharges of pollutants into all waters that have a significant connection with navigable waterways.  Also, must have a permit to dump these pollutants. Also, requires certain steps in sewage treatment. 
a)
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
b)
Clean Water Act (CWA)
c)
Oil Pollution Act
d)
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
196.
This law regulates the discharges of pollutants into all waters that have a significant connection with navigable waterways.  Also, must have a permit to dump these pollutants. Also, requires certain steps in sewage treatment. 
a)
Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
b)
Clean Water Act (CWA)
c)
Oil Pollution Act
d)
National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA)
197.
What is the main source of mercury in the Great Lakes?
a)
Leaky landfills
b)
Coal-burning power plants
c)
Sewage effluent
d)
Automobile emissions
198.

Smog or ground ozone forms in the troposphere. Which pollutants are most responsible for smog or ground ozone?

a)

sulfur and particulate matter

b)

volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides

c)

carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide

d)

none of these answers are correct

199.

Where is the Ozone Layer found in our atmosphere?

a)

Troposphere (lower portion)

b)

Stratosphere (upper portion)

200.
Which of these problems can be caused by air pollution?
a)
Respiratory problems
b)
Reduced food sources for humans
c)
Increased disease for humans
d)
Decrease in global temperatures
201.
Which of these problems can be caused by air pollution?
a)
Respiratory problems
b)
Reduced food sources for humans
c)
Increased disease for humans
d)
Decrease in global temperatures
202.
Used on factory stacks to remove gases and particulate.
a)
Filters
b)
Emission reducers
c)
Scrubbers
d)
Filter Strips
203.
What is a primary pollutant? 
a)
pollutant that is put directly into air by human activities
b)
pollutants that react with other primary pollutants
204.

Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation/rain?

a)

pH 6.0

b)

pH 4.1

c)

pH 7.3

d)

pH 9.6

205.

Which of the following pH measurements of rainwater would indicate acid precipitation/rain?

a)

pH 6.0

b)

pH 4.1

c)

pH 7.3

d)

pH 9.6

206.

Which range indicates a base/alkaline?

a)

1-6

b)

8-14

207.

What areas are more likely to experience temperature inversions?

a)

small cities in the mountains

b)

large cities in valleys

c)

large cities near oceans

d)

small cities near a river

208.

Exposure to too much radon gas can cause

a)

lung cancer

b)

sun burn

c)

blindness

d)

acne

209.

Which of the following government agencies is responsible for the Clean Air Act?

a)

the USGS

b)

the USDA

c)

the EPA

d)

the USDOJ

210.
The Kyoto Protocol is an agreement set up with the goal of 
a)
reducing the levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
b)
shutting down industrial factories all over the world 
c)
reducing pollution 
d)
all of the above 
211.

Populations of invasive species grow so quickly because

a)

Invasive Species are native to an area.

b)

Invasive species are prey to many animals.

c)

Invasive species have no natural predators.

d)

Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.

212.

The loss of a natural habitat is called

a)

Habitat development

b)

biodiversity

c)

Pollution

d)

Habitat destruction

213.

Greenhouse gases have environmental impacts on marine ecosystems. Which environmental impact is NOT a result of greenhouse gases?

a)

global warming

b)

sea level rise due to glacial melting

c)

cooling of arctic waters

d)

coral bleaching due to the acid rain

214.
When excess nutrients make their way into the waterways in runoff from lawns:
a)
fish populations increase
b)
algal blooms increase
c)
frog population increases
d)
people get more vitamins in their water
215.

The separation or breaking of habitats into smaller pieces is called

a)

habitat division

b)

habitat pollution

c)

habitat corruption

d)

habitat fragmentation

216.
Why is biodiversity so important?
a)
Because all species depend on each other to survive, so if one becomes extinct another species that relies on it could go extinct as well
b)
Because it’s better to have only one variation of each species.
c)
Because it better to only have a few species on Earth.
d)
Honestly, I have no idea what biodiversity is!
217.

Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem

a)

native species

b)

exotic specis

c)

invasive species

d)

keystone species

218.

Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem

a)

native species

b)

exotic specis

c)

invasive species

d)

keystone species

219.

The consumption of a resource faster than it can be replenished is known as

a)

bioaccumulation

b)

urban development

c)

resource depletion

d)

degradation

220.

Precipitation that contains high amounts of chemical pollutants that injures plants and pollutes the soil and rivers/oceans

a)

herbicide

b)

pesticide

c)

beach erosion

d)

acid rain

221.

Releases more CO2, increasing greenhouse gases which could lead to climate change.

a)

fertilizer runoff

b)

pesticides

c)

burning fossil fuels

d)

beach erosion

222.

Activity that decreases the amount of oxygen and increases the amount of carbon dioxide.

a)

deforestation

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

greenhouse effect

d)

climate change

223.

Activity that decreases the amount of oxygen and increases the amount of carbon dioxide.

a)

deforestation

b)

burning fossil fuels

c)

greenhouse effect

d)

climate change

224.

Pesticides and herbicides eventually show up in higher level consumers due to

a)

climate change

b)

bioaccumulation

c)

habitat destruction

d)

fertilizer runoff

225.

There's not enough ozone in the upper atmosphere, and this is why we talk about the ozone hole.

a)

True

b)

False

226.

The ozone of the lower layers of the atmosphere is also one of the greenhouse gases.

a)

True

b)

False

227.

There is only one gas that causes the greenhouse effect.

a)

True

b)

False

228.

Greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide trap light in the atmosphere.

a)

True

b)

False

229.

The layer that contains the greenhouse gases is called atmosphere.

a)

True

b)

False

230.

Without the greenhouse effect, the average temperature on Earth would be warmer.

a)

True

b)

False

231.

The greenhouse effect is human-induced.

a)

True

b)

False

232.

Bioaugmentation involves ................

a)

eliminating sludge

b)

addition of microbes to a cleanup site

c)

plants usage for bioremediation

d)

bioventing

233.

The cleanup approach includes removal of groundwater or soil from its natural setting to permit for bioremediation

a)

Bioaugmentation

b)

ex situ bioremediation

c)

in situ bioremediation

d)

Phytoremediation

234.

Bioremediation involves .......

a)

usage of microbes to create new organisms

b)

usage of anaerobic bacteria to create new antibiotics

c)

usage of microbes to destroy environmental pollutants

d)

usage of aerobic bacteria to create new vaccines

235.

The bioremediation process involving the usage of plants to degrade pollutants is ............

a)

Composting

b)

Biopile

c)

Phytoremediation

d)

Land farming

236.

Which of the following is ex-situ mode of bioremediation ............

a)

Bioventing

b)

Biosparging

c)

Bioaugmentation

d)

Biopiles

237.

Biostimulation means .........

a)

the modification of the environment to stimulate the existing bacteria capable of bioremediation

b)

standardized bacteria (microbes) are added to an area that has been contaminated

c)

involves supplying oxygen and nutrients by circulating aqueous solutions

d)

None of the above

238.

The process of converting environmental pollutants into harmless products by naturally occurring microbes is called as ..........

a)

Ex-situ bioremediation

b)

Intrinsic bioremediation

c)

Extrinsic bioremediation

d)

None of these

239.

The process of extracting metals from ores bearing rocks is called .........

a)

Bio extraction

b)

Microbial extraction

c)

biofiltration

d)

bioleaching

240.

Which of the following crops is an example of biomass feedstocks?

a)

Sugar cane

b)

Wheat straw

c)

Rice straw

d)

Corn stover

241.

Which of the following crops is an example of biomass feedstocks?

a)

Sugar cane

b)

Wheat straw

c)

Rice straw

d)

Corn stover

242.

Why are non-biodegradable plastics a problem in the environment?

a)

They are filling up lakes and ponds

b)

They do not decompose or break down naturally

c)

They contain poisons for wildlife

d)

They can cause dead zones

243.

Which of the following biochemical conversion process is performed by micro-organisms?

a)

Anaerobic digestion

b)

Fermentation

c)

Composting

d)

All of the above

244.

The compounds that resist biodegradation and thereby persists in the environment are called ............

a)

recalcitrant

b)

biostimulation

c)

carcinogen

d)

All of the above

245.

The compounds that resist biodegradation and thereby persists in the environment are called ............

a)

recalcitrant

b)

biostimulation

c)

carcinogen

d)

All of the above

246.

The anaerobic degradation process generally results in the formation of ............. gases.

a)

Nitrogen, Sulphur

b)

Acetate, nitrate

c)

Carbon, methane

d)

Methane, sulphur

247.

Which of the following gas is produced from landfill wastes?

a)

Biogas

b)

Carbon monoxide

c)

Chlorofluorocarbon

d)

LPG

248.

………………...is a process of stimulating the natural in situ biodegradation of contaminants in soil by providing air or oxygen to existing soil microorganisms.

a)

Biostimulation

b)

Biodegradation

c)

Bioventing

d)

Bioaugmentation

249.

……………………...is an in-situ remediation technology that uses indigenous microorganisms to biodegrade organic constituents in the saturated zone

a)

Biosparging

b)

Bioventing

c)

Bioaugmentation

d)

Biostimulation

250.

……………………...is an in-situ remediation technology that uses indigenous microorganisms to biodegrade organic constituents in the saturated zone

a)

Biosparging

b)

Bioventing

c)

Bioaugmentation

d)

Biostimulation

251.

Combined sewer overflow events (CSOs) occur during heavy precipitation and can overwhelm sewer systems. During this event...

a)

untreated sewage, rain water & grey water are released into a body of water

b)

untreated sewage, groundwater & greenwater are released into a body of water

c)

just untreated rain water and runoff are released into a body of water

d)

just treated sewage is released into a body of water

252.

During a CSO event, dissolved oxygen levels decrease because...

a)

bacteria in biological waste use it for cellular respiration

b)

algae uses it for photosynthesis

c)

biological waste react with the dissolved oxygen

d)

runoff uses it up

253.

What is a benefit of a sanitary sewer system?

a)

sewage is always sent to a waste water treatment plant no matter the weather

b)

rainwater and runoff is always returned directly back to a freshwater source

c)

these sewer systems cost more money to maintain two sets of pipes

254.

What is a pitfall (negative) to having sanitary sewer systems? (Select all that apply)

a)

this system separates sewage from storm water

b)

rainwater and runoff goes untreated before it enters a body of water

c)

these sewer systems cost more money to maintain two sets of pipes

255.

Pollutants entering waterways from a general area, such as runoff from farmland or a parking lot from a suburban community are both examples of...

a)

decomposition

b)

point source pollution

c)

non-point source pollution

d)

turbidity

256.

Pollutants entering waterways from a general area, such as runoff from farmland or a parking lot from a suburban community are both examples of...

a)

decomposition

b)

point source pollution

c)

non-point source pollution

d)

turbidity

257.

What is the purpose of a rain garden? (Select all that apply)

a)

Reduce the amount of runoff

b)

Reduce the amount of pollutants entering our water ways

c)

Reduce the number of CSO events

d)

Increase the amount of runoff

e)

Increase the amount of impervious surfaces

258.

How does a rain barrel help maintain our fresh drinking water sources and aquatic ecosystems?

a)

Reduces the amount of storm water / runoff that enters these bodies of water

b)

Increases the value of a property

c)

Protects against thermal pollution

d)

Increases the ability for the homeowner to water their garden

259.

How does a rain barrel help maintain our fresh drinking water sources and aquatic ecosystems?

a)

Reduces the amount of storm water / runoff that enters these bodies of water

b)

Increases the value of a property

c)

Protects against thermal pollution

d)

Increases the ability for the homeowner to water their garden

260.

How can rain gardens and green infrastructure benefit communities with Combined Sewer systems?

a)

This will reduce the amount of water the sewers receives during large rain events and reduce CSO events

b)

This will increase the size of the pipes in a combined sewer system

c)

This will increase the amount of water that enters our sewer system

261.

Which of the following are examples of green infrastructure? (Select ALL that apply)

a)

Green roofs

b)

Rain gardens

c)

Permeable pavement

d)

Rain barrels

262.

Which of the following are examples of green infrastructure? (Select ALL that apply)

a)

Green roofs

b)

Rain gardens

c)

Permeable pavement

d)

Rain barrels

263.

An increase in paving of green space

a)

Results in excessive runoff and flooding

b)

Allows for recharging of the aquifer beneath it

c)

Is great for the environment because it causes flooding which is good for ponds

d)

All of the above

264.

What is permeable pavement?

a)

Pavement that has been designed to allow water to pass through and be soaked into the ground

b)

Pavement that is impenetrable

c)

Pavement that has been designed to allow water to sit on top but is not slippery

265.

Wastewater from people’s homes that contains raw sewage when we flush the toilet. This wastewater is called...

a)

Blackwater

b)

Greenwater

c)

Greywater

d)

Rainwater

266.

What is the meaning of the prefix quad-/quart-?

a)

Eight

b)

Not, (negating)

c)

Small

d)

Four

267.

Combined sewer overflow events (CSOs) occur during heavy precipitation and can overwhelm sewer systems. During this event...

a)

untreated sewage, rain water & grey water are released into a body of water

b)

untreated sewage, groundwater & greenwater are released into a body of water

c)

just untreated rain water and runoff are released into a body of water

d)

just treated sewage is released into a body of water

268.

During a CSO event, dissolved oxygen levels decrease because...

a)

bacteria in biological waste use it for cellular respiration

b)

algae uses it for photosynthesis

c)

biological waste react with the dissolved oxygen

d)

runoff uses it up

269.

What is a benefit of a sanitary sewer system?

a)

sewage is always sent to a waste water treatment plant no matter the weather

b)

rainwater and runoff is always returned directly back to a freshwater source

c)

these sewer systems cost more money to maintain two sets of pipes

270.

Pollutants entering waterways from a general area, such as runoff from farmland or a parking lot from a suburban community are both examples of...

a)

decomposition

b)

point source pollution

c)

non-point source pollution

d)

turbidity

271.

What is this an image of?

a)

Rain barrel

b)

Rain garden

c)

Rain guard

d)

Biofuel container

272.

How does a rain barrel help maintain our fresh drinking water sources and aquatic ecosystems?

a)

Reduces the amount of storm water / runoff that enters these bodies of water

b)

Increases the value of a property

c)

Protects against thermal pollution

d)

Increases the ability for the homeowner to water their garden

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