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Geology Foundations Honors

Total questions: 62

Worksheet time: 34mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

If a mineral can SCRATCH another one, it is -

a)

harder than the mineral

b)

weaker than the mineral

c)

the same mineral

2.

Calcite can scratch -

a)

Apatite

b)

Fluorite

c)

Talc

3.

Diamond is the hardest mineral.

a)

True

b)

False

4.

What type of property test is a mineralogist conducting when she rubs a mineral over a mirror, tile, or hard surface?

a)

Streak Test

b)

Luster Test

c)

Appearance Test

d)

Cracking Test

5.
What are the 3 major types of rocks?
a)
Igneous, Metamorphic, Sedimentary
b)
Metamorphic, Igneous, Cementation
c)
Brown, Red, Gray
d)
Streak, Hardness, Breakage
6.

Rocks formed by heat and pressure beneath the Earth's surface are...

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

d)

magma

7.

Two types of igneous rocks are:

a)

Interior and exterior

b)

Intrusive and extrusive

c)

Inside and outside

d)

Enter and exit

8.
A solid material that is made up of one or more minerals.
a)
mineral
b)
rock
c)
fossil
d)
soil
9.
Rock formed from materials that have settles into layers from weathering
a)
igneous rock
b)
sedimentary rock
c)
metamorphic rock
10.
An object that is solid, formed in nature, and has never been alive
a)
sand castle
b)
mineral
c)
plant
11.
What is the small broken down pieces of rock called?
a)
dirt
b)
grime
c)
sediment
d)
popcorn
12.
What is the small broken down pieces of rock called?
a)
dirt
b)
grime
c)
sediment
d)
popcorn
13.
A shiny material is described as having a __________________ luster
a)
metallic
b)
nonmetallic
14.
What is the LEAST useful way to identify a mineral?
a)
luster
b)
streak
c)
color
d)
density
15.
When sediments are pressed together tightly, this is called ____________.
a)
Compaction
b)
Cementation
c)
Weathering
d)
Erosion
16.
The process by which metamorphic rocks are formed...
a)
heat and pressure
b)
erosion and deposition
c)
melting and cooling
17.
_______ rock forms from magma/lava
a)
Metamorphic
b)
Sedimentary
c)
Igneous
18.

What causes igneous rocks to form

a)

pressure

b)

cooling magma and lava

c)

compaction

d)

cementation

19.

A rock made of magma that cools inside the Earth and contains large crystals?

a)

Igneous

b)

Sedimentary

c)

Metamorphic

d)

Magma

20.

How can a Metamorphic rock become an Igneous rock?

a)

Weathering and Erosion

b)

Compaction and Cementation

c)

Heat and Pressurew

d)

Melting and cooling

21.
This rock was formed by smaller pieces of rock that settled at the bottom of a lake millions of years ago. What type of rock is this?
a)
Sedimentary
b)
Igneous
c)
Metamorphic
22.

A student wanted to conduct a series of tests to identify different minerals. Which list below shows the tests that the student should conduct on each of the different minerals?

a)

color, taste, shape, and size

b)

hardness, color, luster, and streak

c)

taste, hardness, color, and size

d)

streak, size, taste, and shape

23.

In a comparative investigation, students had to identify different mineral specimens. Which physical property is the LEAST reliable for identifying one mineral from another because it cannot be measured?

a)

streak

b)

hardness

c)

cleavage

d)

color

24.

Minerals can be identified using the physical properties hardness, streak, and cleavage because

a)

crystal structure is too hard to determine.

b)

minerals have different recognizable properties.

c)

crystal size is determined by the environment.

d)

minerals are inorganic.

25.

Students have a rock sample that may contain the mineral hematite. They know that hematite has a red or rusty streak. How can the students determine the color of the streak in the rock sample?

a)

use a rock with the known mineral to strike the sample

b)

rub the sample on a piece of porcelain  tile

c)

use a file to break off a piece of the sample

d)

scratch the sample with an iron nail

26.

A metamorphic rock becomes an igneous rock by...

a)

melting completely, then cooling

b)

weathering into sediments, then eroding

c)

compacting under pressure and cementing

d)

changing shape under heat and pressure

27.

The process of weathering creates ___________ rock.

a)

metamorphic

b)

igneous

c)

sedimentary

d)

all rock types

28.

What process happens at X

a)

cooling

b)

melting

c)

weathering

d)

heat and pressure

29.

What process occurs at Z

a)

melting

b)

cooling

c)

weathering

d)

heat and pressure

30.

What process occurs at Y?

a)

cooling and melting

b)

heat and pressure

c)

weathering

d)

erosion

31.

If a sedimentary rock like sandstone gets put under heat and pressure, what does it become?

a)

it stays as sedimentary sandstone

b)

it becomes metamorphic quartzite

c)

it melts completely to igneous basalt

d)

it becomes a different type of sedimentary rock

32.

Most of the ocean floor is a type of rock called basalt.  At the edge of continents, this basalt erodes and becomes small particles.  Over time, the particles are cemented and compacted together and form what type of rock?

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

33.

Rocks that contain fossils are usually...

a)

igneous

b)

metamorphic

c)

sedimentary

34.

Rocks that can be found in the area of a volcano and have been cooled from a liquid state should be classified as —

a)

igneous

b)

sedimentary

c)

metamorphic

35.

What are the three type of rocks?

a)

hardness, streak, color

b)

igneous, metamorphic, sedimentary

c)

minerals, rocks, metals

36.

Igneous rocks are made from...

a)

cooling magma and lava

b)

weathering and erosion

c)

heat and pressure

37.

In the rock cycle, sedimentary rock forms when rock is ______ 

a)

crystallized into natural glass.

b)

exposed to great temperature.

c)

melted into liquid magma.

d)

broken down by weathering.

38.

What do all rocks have in common?

a)

Rocks are made of two or more minerals.

b)

Rocks are made of two or more elements.

c)

Rocks are made of magma and sediments.

d)

Rocks are made of sand changed by pressure.

39.

Which processes change magma into igneous rock?

a)

compaction and cementation

b)

heat and pressure

c)

cooling and crystallization

d)

weathering and erosion

40.

Small pieces of weathered rock become sedimentary rock by from ...

a)

heat and pressure

b)

compaction and cementation

c)

melting and cooling

d)

weathering and erosion

41.

Which mineral from the table can scratch all of the other minerals?

a)

Olivine

b)

Pyrite

c)

Calcite

d)

Quartz

42.
Which layer is made of the most solid rock?
a)
inner core
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
43.
Which layer is made of solid iron & nickel?
a)
inner core
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
44.
What is the outer core made of?
a)
solid rock
b)
solid metal
c)
melted rock
d)
melted metal
45.
Which layer has the coolest temperatures?
a)
outer core
b)
inner core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
46.
Which layer has the hottest temperatures?
a)
inner core
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
47.
Which statement is true about oceanic crust?
a)
It is made of melted rock.
b)
It is the thinner than continental crust.
c)
It is thicker than continental crust.
d)
It is made of liquid metal.
48.
Which layer causes the earth's magnetic field?
a)
inner core
b)
outer core
c)
mantle
d)
crust
49.

Which word best describes the lithosphere?

a)

liquid

b)

rigid

c)

bendable

d)

metal

50.
What kind of crust do we live on?
a)
oceanic crust
b)
continental crust
51.
Which statement is correct?
a)
As you move up through the layers, the pressure increases.
b)
As you move down through the layers pressure increases.
c)
As you move down through the layers, pressure decreases.
d)
As you move up down through the layers, pressure remains the same.
52.
What happens to temperature as you move down through the layers?
a)
it remains the same
b)
it increases then decreases
c)
it increases
d)
it decreases
53.

The lithosphere includes the _____ and part of the _____.

a)

core, crust

b)

mantle, core

c)

crust, core

d)

crust, mantle

54.

Which physical layer is represented by the yellow layer?

a)

lithosphere

b)

mesosphere

c)

core

d)

inner core

55.

Which is the correct order of the Earth's layers?

Outer most layer first.

a)

Crust, Outer Core, Mantle, Inner Core

b)

Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

c)

Inner core, Outer core, Mantle, Crust

56.

The Earth's crust is made of ______________ that "float" on top of the __________.


Fill in the blanks.

a)

mantle, cups

b)

plates, mantle

c)

mantle, inner core

57.

True or false.

Lithosphere is just another term for the rock that makes up the crust and some of the mantle, forming tectonic plates.

a)

True

b)

False

58.
The core is mostly made up mostly of which elements?
a)
Oxygen and Silicon
b)
Silicon and Magnesium
c)
Nickel and Iron
d)
Iron and Magnesium
59.

What are the two types of crust?

a)

Continental and Landforms

b)

Oceanic and Mountains

c)

Mountains and Landforms

d)

Oceanic and Continental

60.

Which compositional layer is represented by the yellow layer?

a)

inner core

b)

outer core

c)

mantle

d)

crust

61.
Where is the Earth's crust the thickest?
a)
Oceans
b)
Equator
c)
Mountains
d)
North and South Poles
62.

The mantle "flows" because of large differences in temperature from the bottom to the top, which create convection currents.

a)

True

b)

False

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