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WorksheetsScience Exam Fall Semester
Total questions: 129
Worksheet time: 2hrs 33mins
Sensitive instruments that measure earthquakes
(a)
Record produced by a seismometer (paper or computer disk)
(a)
Large ocean wave formed when a fault or landslide displaces a column of water
(a)
Way to determine the intensity during and after an earthquake (Roman numerals I to XII)
(a)
What are the three depths that a focus can be classified as
Shallow
Medium
Deep
Intermediate
Measures the energy released by an earthquake (takes into account size/movement of fault and rock's stiffness
(a)
Amount of damage done to a structure by an earthquake
(a)
This type of surface wave rolls like a wave (up and down side to side) and are the ones that cause the most shaking
(a)
This type of surface wave is the fastest and has a side to side motion
(a)
Numerical rating system that measures the energy of the largest seismic waves
(a)
The energy of the largest waves
(a)
Height/size of the largest seismic wave
(a)
True or False: Each successive number on the Richter Scale represents an increase in amplitude by a factor of ten
True
False
Each successive number on the Richter Scale represents a __ fold increase in seismic energy
16
8
7
32
The basic makeup of a seismometer includes a
Frame anchored to the ground
Mass suspended by wire or spring
Light
Themometer
Which of the following statements are true about distance from the epicenter
As it increases so does the time separation between curves
As it increases the waves are further apart on a seismogram
As it increases the waves are closer together
As it increases the amplitude increases
As it increases the intensity decreases
True or False: S-waves can pass through the outer core
True
False
Total force acting on crustal rocks per unit area
(a)
The three types of stress are
Shear
Compressional
Tension
Strike
Deformation of material in response to stress
(a)
This type of deformation happens under low stress, when stress is reduced to 0 object returns to original shape
(a)
Stress builds up past a certain point (elastic limit) and permanent deformation occurs, when stress is reduced to 0 object stays altered
(a)
Point of rupture
(a)
True or False: Pressure increases a rock's density
True
False
The three types of faults are
Tension
Normal
Reverse
Strike-slip
Abnormal
Select the strike-slip fault
Select the normal fault
Select the reverse/thrust fault
Select the type of plate boundary associated with a normal fault (tension stress)
Select the type of plate boundary associated with a reverse/thrust fault (compressional stress)
Select the type of plate boundary associated with a strike-slip fault (shear stress)
This type of stress pulls things apart
(a)
This type of stress creates distortion such as twisting
(a)
Zone of deformation caused by stress
(a)
The bending or breaking of rock in response to stress
(a)
The left side is the ______ wall
Hanging
Foot
Seismic waves with compressional movement, squeezes and pushes rocks in the direction along which the waves are traveling, fastest
P-waves
S-waves
Surface waves
Slower body waves that cause rocks to move perpendicular to the direction of the waves
S-waves
P-waves
Surface Waves
Slowest type of seismic waves, side to side and up and down movement, most destructive
S-waves
Surface waves
P-waves
Point of failure where the seismic waves originate
(a)
Point on Earth's surface directly above the focus (surface waves originate here)
(a)
Seismic waves that pass through Earth's interior
(a)
Most rocks melt between ___ and ____ degrees celsius
900-1100
700-1000
800-1200
1000-1500
What are the main two factors in magma's explosivity
Amount of dissolved gases
Silica content
Basaltic
I don't know
A material's resistance to flow
(a)
True or False: High silica content= High viscosity and non-explosive
True
False
Magma that is less than 50% silica (quiet eruptions and dissolved gases escape), low viscosity
(a)
Magma that is 50-60% silica (intermediate viscosity and formed at oceanic-continental zones)
(a)
Magma that is greater than 60% silica (high viscosity, mixes with overlying crust, violent eruptions fueled by large amounts of gas trapped)
(a)
Solid erupted materials (solidified lava, pieces of crust, rock)
(a)
Tephra is classified by these two size groups
Ash (diameter of less than 2 mm)
Crust
Blocks
Pieces
Rapidly moving clouds of tephra mixed with hot, suffocating gases
(a)
An opening of a volcano
(a)
Tubelike structure that carries the lava to the surface
(a)
Theory that the Earth's continents had once been joined as a single landmass that broke apart and sent the continents adrift
(a)
Dutch cartographer that proposed that North America and South America had been once part of Europe and Africa
Abraham Ortelius
Alfred Wegener
German meteorologist that proposed continental drift
Abraham Ortelius
Alfred Wegener
Supercontinent 200 million years ago
(a)
What were the five pieces of evidence that Wegner used to support his theory
Climatic Evidence
Glacial Deposits
Fossil Evidence
Coal Deposits
Evidence from rock formations
What were the two flaws in Wegner's theory that prevented it from being widely accepted
No evidence to back up
No satisfactory explanation for how the continents could be pushed that great of a distance
Insufficient floor maps
No explanation for how a continent could plow through the ocean floor
Uses sound waves to measure distance by measuring the time it takes for sound waves sent from the ship to bounce off the seafloor and return to ship
(a)
Device that can detect small changes in magnetic fields
(a)
Vast, underwater mountain chains
(a)
Narrow, elongated depression in the seafloor
(a)
Rocks that are closer to the ocean ridge are ________
Younger
Older
I have no clue
Sediments ________ with distance from the ocean ridge
Increase
Decrease
Neither
True or False: The oceanic crust is 180 million years and continental crust is 4 billion years old
True
False
Earth's magnetic field is created by the ________
Inner Core
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Asthenosphere
Flow in outer core changes, changing the magnetic field's direction
(a)
Study of Earth's magnetic field
(a)
Imaginary line on a map that show points that have the same age
(a)
Theory that explains how new oceanic crust is formed at ocean ridges, slowly moves away from ocean ridges, and is destroyed at deep sea trenches
(a)
True or False: The magnetic polarities are "mapped" on the ocean floor due to oceanic crust containing iron (symmetrical)
True
False
Magma that reaches Earth's surface
(a)
Describes all the processes associated with the discharge of magma, hot fluids, ash, and gases
(a)
One of the two major belts located around the pacific plate ("Ring of Fire")
Circum-Pacific
Mediterranean
One of the two major belts which includes volcanoes in Italy, Africa, and Europe
Circum-Pacific
Mediterranean
Unusually hot regions of Earth's mantle where high-temperature plumes of magma rise to the surface
(a)
___ of Earth's volcanism occurs underwater along ocean ridges
2/3
1/3
3/4
3/5
True or False: The Hawaii islands were formed by a hot spot. Hot spots move while plate stays still
True
False
Bowl-shaped depression at the top of a volcano
(a)
Larger depression formed when the summit or side of a volcano collapses into the magma chamber (usually the result of the magma chamber emptying from a major eruption
(a)
Largest type of volcano, long, gentle slopes, composed of layers of solidified basaltic lava, has quiet non explosive eruptions
(a)
Formed when eruptions eject small pieces of lava, smallest, steep-sloped, cone-shaped, explosive eruptions, usually forms at edges of larger volcanoes
(a)
Tall majestic mountain composed of layers of rock from explosive eruptions and lava flows, cycles through periods of quiet and explosive eruptions (also known as stratovolcano)
(a)
True or False: The most violent volcanoes are created by divergent volcanism
True
False
True or False: Divergent volcanism tends to be nonexplosive releasing large amounts of lava
True
False
Huge pieces of crust and rigid upper mantle that fit together at their edges to cover Earth's surface
(a)
Theory that describes how tectonic plates move and shape Earth's surface
(a)
Plates move apart
Transform
Divergent
Convergent
Plates move toward each other
Convergent
Transform
Divergent
Plates slide horizontally past one another
Divergent
Convergent
Transform
Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of heated material from one place to another
(a)
True or False: The mantle is heated unevenly by radioactive decay in the asthenosphere
True
False
Oceanic v Oceanic results in
Chain of volcanic mountains along edge of continental plate
Arc of volcanic islands
Hot spot
Deep sea trench
Oceanic v Continental results in
Hot spot
Arc of volcanic islands
Chain of volcanic mountains along edge of continental plate
Earthquake
Select the composite volcano
Select the cinder cone volcano
Select the shield volcano
Process in which the older portion of seafloor sinks and weight of the uplifted ridge pushes the oceanic plate toward the trench
(a)
Cool, dense subducting plates pulls the trailing slab into the subduction zone
(a)
A cinder cone volcano has a ________ eruption
Vulcanian
Stombolian
Pelean
Plinian
Long narrow cracks that act as vents
(a)
True or False: The seven major plates are the Eurasian, Indo-Australian, Pacific, North American, South American, Antarctic, and African
True
False
Put the layers of the mantle in order 1 being closest to the surface and 3 being closest to the core (Mesosphere=a, Asthenosphere=b, Lithosphere=c)
1. b
2. c
3. a
1. c
2. a
3. b
1. c
2. b
3. a
1. b
2. c
3. a
1. a
2. b
3. c
This is formed when lava is too thick to flow (can act as a plug)
(a)
Type of composite eruption that is short and violent, plug is launched
(a)
Type of composite eruption with a pyroclastic flow
(a)
Type of composite eruption that is the most violent, continuous blasts upwards that shoots tephra and gas high into the atmosphere
(a)
What were the two smaller continents after pangea broke up
Gondwanaland
Pannotina
Laurasia
Rodinia
Branch of magma that cools and hardens
(a)
Select the plinian eruption
Select the pelean eruption
Select the vulcanian eruption
Select the Icelandic eruption
Select the strombolian eruption
Select the Hawaiian eruption
Put the scientific method in order (a= observe and record, b= make a hypothesis, c= test the hypothesis, d= arrive at a conclusion, e= research the problem, f= ask a question)
1. a
2. b
3. c
4. d
5. e
6. f
1. f
2. e
3. c
4. b
5. a
6. d
1. d
2. e
3. c
4. f
5. a
6. b
1. f
2. b
3. d
4. e
5. a
6. c
1. f
2. e
3. b
4. c
5. a
6. d
Put the scientific process in order (a= processing, b= conducting, c= planning, d= evaluating)
1. c
2. b
3. a
4. d
1. b
2. c
3. d
4. a
1. c
2. b
3. d
4. a
1. b
2. d
3. c
4. a
1. d
2. b
3. c
4. a
Parts or conditions that can be different in amount or type in an experiment
(a)
Variable/variables that is kept the same
(a)
The ONE variable that is manipulated
(a)
Resulting variable that is measured in order to collect data
(a)
Forms at mid ocean ridge, lava cools to make this
(a)
Extended break in a body of rock
(a)
Which layer of the Earth is hottest
Lithosphere
Outer core
Mesosphere
Asthenosphere
Inner core
Which layers/layer of the Earth are/is liquid
Asthenosphere
Inner core
Outer core
Mesosphere
Lithosphere/crust
Which layers/layer of the Earth are/is solid
Outer core
Inner Core
Mesosphere
Asthenosphere
Lithosphere/crust
What layer of the Earth is the largest
Crust
Mantle
Inner Core
Outer core
