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Ms.Schweitzer Anatomy Chapters For Final Exam (On-Level)

Total questions: 156

Worksheet time: 1hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is the correct order of elements in a control system:

a)

receptor, control center, effector, response

b)

effector, control center, receptor

c)

control center, effector, receptor, response

d)

response, control center, effector, receptor

2.

Using Fig. 1.2, choose the number for the scapular region.

a)

1

b)

8

c)

7

d)

2

3.

Using Fig. 1.2, choose the number for the oral region.

a)

1

b)

5

c)

7

d)

9

4.

Using Fig. 1.2, choose the number for the lumbar region.

a)

2

b)

7

c)

10

d)

8

5.

Using Fig. 1.2, choose the number for the brachial region.

a)

7

b)

2

c)

8

d)

9

6.

Using Fig. 1.2, choose the number for the femoral region.

a)

6

b)

10

c)

7

d)

9

7.

The ventral body cavity has which two subdivisions?

a)

cranial and spinal

b)

thoracic and cranial

c)

abdominopelvic and thoracic

d)

spinal and abdominopelvic

8.

The shoulder is _________ to the wrist.

a)

distal

b)

proximal

c)

anterior

d)

posterior

9.

Using Fig. 1.2, choose the number for the popliteal region.

a)

6

b)

7

c)

8

d)

9

10.

A control mechanism that responds to a stimulus by decreasing its intensity or stops the stimulus completely is a(n) ________.

a)

effector

b)

negative feedback mechanism

c)

positive feedback mechanism

d)

control center

11.

The two body systems which communicate "signals" to the body in order to maintain homeostasis are the _______ and _______.

a)

Endocrine and Nervous

b)

Nervous and Muscular

c)

Muscular and Endocrine

d)

Integumentary and Nervous

12.

Which of the following is NOT a life function?

a)

responsiveness

b)

movement

c)

water

d)

maintaining boundaries

13.

In a Homeostatic Control Mechanism, the receptors are _____________.

a)

effectors

b)

control center

c)

muscles and glands

d)

nerves

14.

Which of the following is the correct sequence, going from simplest to most complex, in the levels of structural organization of the human body?

a)

cellular, tissue, chemical, organ, organ system, organismal

b)

chemical, tissue, cellular, organ system, organ, organismal

c)

cellular, chemical, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

d)

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, organismal

15.

The cheeks are ________ to the mouth.

a)

inferior

b)

lateral

c)

medial

d)

superior

16.

A section that divides the body on the longitudinal plane into equal right and left parts is called ___________.

a)

transverse

b)

frontal

c)

sagittal

d)

mid-sagittal

17.

The lungs and heart are in the ________ cavity.

a)

abdominopelvic

b)

spinal

c)

thoracic

d)

cranial

18.

Which of these is not a survival need?

a)

nutrients

b)

reproduction

c)

body temperature

d)

oxygen

19.

The study of the structures of the body and its parts is ________.

a)

anatomy

b)

physiology

c)

physical science

d)

biology

20.

The dorsal body cavity houses the __________.

a)

heart and lungs

b)

intestines and reproductive organs

c)

urinary bladder and lungs

d)

spinal cord and brain

21.

Your body thermostat is located in your brain. Which of the following elements of a control system does this area represent?

a)

stimulus

b)

receptor

c)

effector

d)

control center

22.

The study of the function of the body and its parts is ______.

a)

anatomy

b)

physical science

c)

biology

d)

physiology

23.

Which of the following directional terms have opposite meanings in humans?

a)

distal and proximal

b)

superior and ventral

c)

anterior and ventral

d)

superficial and proximal

24.

Which letters represent the dorsal cavity?

a)

A and B

b)

A and C

c)

C and D

d)

C and D

25.

Which type of section could be used to separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity?

a)

transverse

b)

sagitall

c)

frontal

d)

coronal

26.

The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is referred to as __________

a)

responsiveness

b)

homeostasis

c)

metabolism

d)

maintaining boundaries

27.

In the anatomical position:

a)

the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with palms facing backward.

b)

the body is lying down with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides with the palms facing backward.

c)

the body is lying down with the feet parallel and the arms at the sides with the palms facing forward.

d)

the body is erect with the feet parallel and the arms hanging at the sides with palms facing forward.

28.

Producing sweat when the body temperature has become too high is an example of a ____________________.

a)

positive feedback mechanism

b)

receptor feedback mechanism

c)

negative feedback mechanism

d)

neural feedback mechanism

29.

An example of a positive feedback mechanism is ____________.

a)

blood clotting to stop bleeding.

b)

sweating

c)

eating

d)

urinating

30.

The navel is _________ to the spine.

a)

posterior

b)

anterior

c)

superior

d)

distal

31.

Groups of cells that are similar and perform a common function are __________.

a)

organs

b)

tissue

c)

tissue

d)

toxic

32.

In a control system, the receptors are what type of structure?

a)

brain

b)

nerves

c)

muscles

d)

glands

33.

Which of the elements of a control system detects a change (stimulus)?

a)

receptor

b)

control centor

c)

response

d)

effector

34.

The structure of the protein is _______.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

35.

The structure of the nucleotide is _______.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

36.

The structure of the starch (LARGE carbohydrate) is ________.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

37.

The structure of the monosaccharide (simple sugar) is _______.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

D

d)

E

38.

What organic compounds give you the most calories per gram?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

They all give the same number of calories per gram

39.

Glycogen and starch are examples of _____________.

a)

nucleic acids

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

carbohydrates

40.

Chemical, electrical, mechanical, and radiant are forms of _______ necessary for your body to do work.

a)

organic compounds

b)

bonds

c)

energy

d)

inorganic compounds

41.

Ninety-six percent of the human body is composed of the elements:

a)

carbon, calcium, sodium, and oxygen.

b)

carbon, oxygen, iron, and potassium.

c)

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and potassium.

d)

sodium, potassium, nitrogen, carbon.

e)

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen.

42.

An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. Its atomic mass is ______.

a)

6

b)

8

c)

14

d)

12

43.

An atom has 7 protons and 8 electrons. What is its atomic number?

a)

7

b)

8

c)

15

d)

14

44.

The subatomic particle(s) that is (are) responsible for the way an atom bonds is the _______.

a)

protons in the nucleus

b)

valence electrons

c)

neutrons in the nucleus

d)

valence protons

45.

When a pair of electrons is shared equally between two atoms, the bond formed is _________.

a)

ionic

b)

covalent

c)

carbon

d)

resistant

46.

Which below is a function of water?

a)

good solvent

b)

acts as an enzyme

c)

has a low heat capacity

d)

provides energy

47.

A solution with a pH of 2 would _________.

a)

be an acid

b)

release more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions

c)

be a base

d)

be neutral

48.

A solution with a pH of 7 ______.

a)

is an acid

b)

neutral

c)

is a base

d)

won't release any ions.

49.

Hormones, triglycerides, and cell membranes belong to what type of organic molecule?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

50.

The organic compounds that function in acting as enzymes, antibodies, or building muscle are _______.

a)

nucleic acids

b)

proteins

c)

lipids

d)

carbohydrates

51.

Triglycerides (lipids) are ____________________.

a)

able to provide quick energy

b)

include RNA and DNA

c)

have monomers called amino acids

d)

are a major source of long-term energy.

52.

What type of polymers are DNA and RNA?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

53.

Which of the following substances is a compound?

a)

NaCl

b)

O2

c)

2H

d)

proton

54.

What property of water enables it to bond easily with itself (cohesion) and other molecules (adhesion)?

a)

high heat capacity

b)

cushioning for internal organs

c)

insulation

d)

polarity

55.

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ------> 36 ATP molecules + 6 C02 + 6 H2O

a)

to fill our lungs

b)

exhalation

c)

energy production

d)

water absorption

56.

When humans are not able to maintain enough oxygen, what product of anaerobic respiration can make their muscles sore?

a)

acetic acid

b)

lactic acid

c)

hydrochloric acid

d)

amino acid

57.

Enzymes are very important in the body as they act as biological catalysts to __________ reactions and ________ activation energy.

a)

speed up, raise

b)

speed up, lower

c)

slow down, raise

d)

slow down, lower

58.

Which organic compound is a useful source of quick energy?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

59.

Which organic molecule below acts as fiber in the body?

a)

lipids

b)

carbohydrates (cellulose)

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

60.

If an athlete "pasta loads," they consume large amounts of

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

nucleic acids

61.

In which type of bonds are created electrons are transferred from one atom to another?

a)

covalent

b)

hydrogen

c)

ionic

d)

james

62.

In which type of bond are electrons shared?

a)

covalent

b)

ionic

c)

hydrogen

d)

james

63.

What type of tissue is letter A?

a)

simple squamous epithelial

b)

stratified squamous epithelial

c)

squamous connective

d)

simple cuboidal epithelial

64.

What type of tissue is letter C?

a)

dense fibrous connective

b)

nervous tissue

c)

cardiac muscle tissue

d)

loose connective

65.

What type of tissue is letter F?

a)

dense fibrous connective

b)

bone connective

c)

simple squamous

d)

skeletal muscle

66.

What type of tissue is letter G?

a)

skeletal muscle

b)

nervous tissue

c)

loose connective

d)

stratified squamous epithelial

67.

What type of tissue is letter H?

a)

adipose

b)

smooth muscle

c)

simple cuboidal epithelial

d)

cartilage

68.

Which type of tissue is letter B?

a)

simple squamous epithelial

b)

simple cuboidal epithelial

c)

bone

d)

skeletal muscle

69.

Which type of tissue transmits electrical impulses throughout the body?

a)

G

b)

H

c)

K

d)

L

70.

Which number represents blood?

a)

1

b)

3

c)

7

d)

8

71.

What number is skeletal muscle?

a)

6

b)

1

c)

8

d)

2

72.

Which number shows bone tissue?

a)

1

b)

6

c)

10

d)

8

73.

The picture above shows a Red Blood Cell (RBC). What could have caused the cell to look this way?

a)

age

b)

an IV given to a patient that was hypertonic to the cell.

c)

an IV given to a patient that was hyotonic to the cell.

d)

an IV given to a patient that was isotonic to the cell.

74.

A student is looking at a tissue sample in class and sketching each type of tissue. Which key feature should they sketch for nervous tissue?

a)

cell body with "branches" or extensions

b)

cells tightly packed together

c)

blood vessels

d)

striations (stripes)

75.

The process above is _________ which is considered a type of ___________ transport.

a)

endocytosis, active

b)

diffusion, active

c)

exocytosis, active

d)

osmosis, passive

76.

____________ tissue is avascular although it regenerates very quickly.

a)

epithelial

b)

nervous

c)

connective

d)

muscle

77.

As seen in the Chicken Wing Lab, ligaments bind bone to bone making them what type of tissue?

a)

muscle

b)

nervous

c)

epithelial

d)

connective

78.

Which type of tissue easily regenerates?

a)

muscle

b)

epithelial

c)

connective

d)

nervous

79.

Smooth, skeletal, and glandular are the three types of muscle tissue.

a)

True

b)

False

80.

Cartilage is ________ tissue.

a)

connective

b)

epithelial

c)

muscle

d)

nervous

81.

Adipose is a type of ___________ tissue

a)

epithelial

b)

connective

c)

muscle

d)

nervous

82.

Organized groups of cells that perform a specialized function are a(n) ____________.

a)

organism

b)

tissue

c)

organ system

d)

organ

83.

Blood is what type of tissue?

a)

epithelial

b)

connective

c)

nervous

d)

muscle

84.

Animal cells use ATP energy to move sodium and potassium ions across the plasma (cell) membranes creating the action potential for electricity to flow. What process is involved in transporting these ions?

a)

diffusion

b)

osmosis

c)

passive transport

d)

active transport

85.

Our lungs are constantly taking in oxygen which is then taken to cells. What is the process of bringing the oxygen from the atmosphere where it is highly concentrated into the lungs where the oxygen is at a much lower concentration?

a)

phagocytosis

b)

exocytosis

c)

osmosis

d)

diffusion

86.

What type of tissue is generally light pink (as seen in the Chicken Wing Lab) and moves the body?

a)

nervous

b)

connective

c)

skin

d)

muscle

87.

Glands, the top layers of skin, and linings of cavities are ___________ tissue.

a)

epithelial

b)

connective

c)

muscle

d)

connective

88.

All connective tissue is composed of cells floating in ___________.

a)

collagen

b)

calcium

c)

plasma

d)

matrix

89.

The type of tissue found on the outside of your body is ____________ tissue.

a)

connective squamous

b)

simple squamous epithelial

c)

keritinized muscle

d)

stratified squamous epithelial

90.

Nervous tissue is composed of _____________ and supporting cells call glia.

a)

goblet cells

b)

neurons

c)

connective tissue

d)

epithelium

91.

What is the term for which the cytosol and the the organelles suspended within the cytosol?

a)

nucleus

b)

cytoplasm

c)

nucleolus

d)

secretory vesicla

92.

What type of tissue is shown in Letter J?

a)

adipose (fat)

b)

smooth muscle

c)

cartilage

d)

nervous

93.

In order to warm the body up when cold:

a)

sudoriferous glands release sweat.

b)

melanin is produced.

c)

the arrector pili muscles contract to stand hairs upright.

d)

vitamin D is synthesized.

94.

The only dry membrane is the ___________.

a)

cutaneous membrane

b)

mucous membrane

c)

serous membrane

d)

synovial membrane

95.

They type of burn that involves injury to the epidermis and upper region of the dermis and is red, blistered, and painful is a _______ degree burn.

a)

first

b)

second

c)

third

d)

forth

96.

What specific layer of the skin is responsible for the formation of fingerprints?

a)

stratum corneum

b)

stratum basale

c)

papillary layer

d)

reticular layer

97.

The epidermis is composed of ___________.

a)

adipose tissue

b)

simple squamous epithelial

c)

stratified squamous epithelial

d)

dense connective tissue

98.

Which of the following is NOT vital function of the skin?

a)

barrier protection from infection

b)

transmission of messages to other body areas

c)

temperature and body fluid regulation

d)

excretion of wastes

99.

The layer of tissue directly under the skin is the ___________.

a)

epidermis

b)

dermis

c)

hypodermis

d)

cutaneous membrane

100.

Which chemical has no effect on the color of skin?

a)

hemoglobin

b)

melanin

c)

keratin

d)

carotene

101.

What is the name of the structure attached to # 7 in the diagram?

a)

sebaceous gland

b)

arrector pili muscle

c)

sweat (sudoriferous) gland

d)

hair follicle

102.

The epidermis is denoted by which number?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

13

103.

What number denotes the dermis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

12

104.

What number denotes the dermis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

12

105.

The layer where fingerprints are formed is denoted by what number?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

13

106.

What tissue layer is responsible for fat storage and anchoring the dermis to the underlying tissue?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

13

107.

Nutrients reach the epidermis through the process of __________.

a)

filtration

b)

diffusion

c)

absorption

d)

active transport

108.

Synovial membranes are found ________________.

a)

in joint cavities

b)

lining cavities that open internally

c)

lining cavities that open to the exterior

d)

covering the body

109.

Cutaneous membranes are found __________.

a)

lining joint cavities

b)

lining cavities that open internally

c)

lining cavities that open externally

d)

covering the body.

110.

Although you get wet while swimming, a tough protein that comprises the hair, nails, and epidermis prevents the water from pentrating the deeper tissue. This substance is ___________.

a)

keratin

b)

melanin

c)

collagen

d)

elastin

111.

What is the immediate threat to life from a massive 3rd-degree burn?

a)

infection

b)

circulatory shock due to dehydration

c)

blood loss

d)

loss of immune function

112.

What is the possible threat to life after several days when someone is critically burned?

a)

infection

b)

circulatory shock due to dehydration

c)

unbearble pain

d)

blood loss

113.

This is secreted onto hair and skin making it soft, shiny, and pliable: ________.

a)

melanin

b)

sebum

c)

sweat

d)

keratin

114.

Using the ABCD rule, determine which choice below which is most likely to be an indication of melanoma.

a)

a symetrical mole

b)

a pigmented (colored) mole that starts to change color

c)

a pigmented (colored) mole that has smooth borders

d)

a spot less than 6 mm with round borders

115.

A medical professional estimates the amount of area burned and volume of fluid lost in a severely burned patient by _________.

a)

observing the tissues that are moist

b)

measuring urinary output and input

c)

blood analysis

d)

using the rule of nines

116.

Which layer of tissue is avascular?

a)

epidermis

b)

dermis

c)

hyodermis

d)

none of these choices are avascular

117.

Which type of skin cancer is considered the most serious and why?

a)

basal cell carcinoma because it grows quickly

b)

melanoma because it is so dark in color

c)

squamous cell carcinoma because it spreads into the lymph

d)

melanoma because it metastisizes so rapidly

118.

Cells rapidly undergoing mitosis are in the _______ layer of skin.

a)

stratum corneum

b)

papillary layer

c)

stratum basale

d)

reticular layer

119.

In which layer are the melanocytes located?

a)

epidermis

b)

dermis

c)

hypodermis

d)

none of these choices

120.

_____________ is the body's first line of defense:

a)

The Immune System

b)

Skin

c)

Hair

d)

Lymph nodes

121.

The gland that is the major producer of female hormones estrogen and progesterone is letter ________.

a)

J

b)

E

c)

I

d)

H

122.

The gland that produces testosterone in males is the letter _______.

a)

D

b)

I

c)

J

d)

F

123.

The gland that is primarily responsible for body metabolism is letter _______

a)

G

b)

C

c)

D

d)

F

124.

The gland that produces insulin and glucagon is letter ________.

a)

D

b)

G

c)

A

d)

H

125.

The gland that produces melatonin which regulates sleep cycles is letter ______.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

F

126.

The thymus gland, important for immune function, is letter _______.

a)

C

b)

D

c)

G

d)

H

127.

In general, the ___________ System is in control of body processes that happen more slowly while faster processes are controlled by the ___________ System.

a)

Nervous, Endocrine

b)

Muscular, Skeletal

c)

Excretory, Nervous

d)

Endocrine, Nervous

128.

The brain contains three glands, the ___________ (master gland), hypothalamus, and the pineal gland.

a)

adrenal

b)

pituitary

c)

pancreas

d)

thyroid

129.

______________ are chemical messengers in the Endocrine System that transfer information through the blood to ________ cells.

a)

Hormones, target

b)

Hormones, all

c)

Nerves, target

d)

Neurotransmitters, target

130.

The periosteum in bone tissue performs which of the following function(s)?"

l. protection of the bone

ll. repairs of bone fracture

lll. produces red blood cells

a)

l only

b)

l and ll only

c)

lll only

d)

l, ll, and lll

131.

There are three types of bone cells.

 

1. osteoblast

2. osteoclast

3. osteogenic  

 

Which sequence represents the correct order for bone development?

a)

1 – 2 - 3

b)

1 – 3 – 2

c)

2 – 3 – 1

d)

3 – 1 – 2

132.

Which part of the long bone is identified by the letter A on the diagram above?

a)

diaphysis

b)

endosteum

c)

epiphysis

d)

medullary canal

133.

What would occur if osteoclast cells were not functioning correctly in the development of a long bone?

a)

The bone would be too brittle.

b)

The spongy part of bone would increase.

c)

The density of the bone would decrease.

d)

Blood supply to the bone would be limited.

134.

Patient A is a baseball player injured from staying in the game for too long.  His shoulder bone has come out of the joint. Patient B is a high speed accident victim who is unable to walk. The doctor orders x-rays for each patient to help in the diagnosis. Which of the following correctly describes the location of each patient's x-ray?

a)

Patient A - pectoral girdle

Patient B - vertebral column

b)

Patient A - pelvic girdle

Patient B - pectoral girdle

c)

Patient A - thoracic cage

Patient B - pectoral girdle

d)

Patient A - thoracic cage

Patient B - vertebral column

135.

Which of the following sets correctly identifies bones of the axial and appendicular skeleton?

a)

Axial - Ilium

Appendicular - Radius

b)

Axial - Sacrum

Appendicular - Coccyx

c)

Axial - Maxilla

Appendicular - Navicular

d)

Axial - Calcaneus

Appendicular - Mandible

136.

Which list of bones does not include any of the three bones of the appendicular skeleton labeled in the picture above?

a)

calcaneus, fibula, and phalanges

b)

cuboid, humerus, and metatarsals

c)

femur, hamate, and radius

d)

lacrimal, scapula, and sphenoid

137.

Which bone of the appendicular division is labeled A in the diagram below?

a)

carpals

b)

femur

c)

humerus

d)

radius

138.
a)

B is the ribs and it belongs to the axial division.

b)

B is the ribs and it belongs to the appendicular division.

c)

B is the sternum and it belongs to the axial division.

d)

B is the sternum and it belongs to the appendicular division.

139.

What is the name of the bone labeled A and to which division of the skeletal system does it belong?

a)

A is the fibula, and it belongs to the axial division.

b)

A is the fibula, and it belongs to the appendicular division.

c)

A is the tibia, and it belongs to the axial division.

d)

A is the tibia, and it belongs to the appendicular division.

140.

Numbers 1, 2, and 3 are depicting which type of vertebrae?

a)

lumbar

b)

thoracic

c)

sacrum

d)

cervical

141.

Which number denotes an epiphysis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

5

d)

6

142.
a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

143.

Which item denotes spongy bone?

a)

2

b)

5

c)

3

d)

4

144.

Which picture depicts a compound fracture?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

145.

Which picture depicts a greenstick fracture?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

146.

Which picture would require an open reduction?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

None of these

147.

Which of the following is not a function of the Skeletal System?

a)

blood cell formation

b)

protect soft organs

c)

movement

d)

store minerals and fats

148.

Number 1 is a _________ bone and number 2 is a _________ bone.

a)

compact, long

b)

long and long

c)

flat, long

d)

irregular and long

149.

Number 3 is a ______ bone and number 4 is a ________.

a)

short, irregular

b)

short, long

c)

cube, long

d)

cube, irregular

150.

 An electrical impulse in the body is transmitted by a(n) __________.

a)

neuron

b)

stimulus

c)

response

d)

reaction

151.

The term Central Nervous System refers to the ____________.

a)

brain and spinal cord

b)

cranial and spinal nerves

c)

axons and axon terminals

d)

dendrites

152.

Which of the following is not responsible for direct protection of the CNS?

a)

Peripheral nerves

b)

Cerebrospinal fluid

c)

Meninges

d)

Skull and Vertebrae

153.

Which number is attached to the sensory neuron?

a)

3

b)

4

c)

6

d)

7

154.

Which number is attached to the motor neuron?

a)

2

b)

6

c)

4

d)

5

155.

Since the diagram is showing a Reflex Arc, what is the anatomical structure at #5?

a)

brain

b)

spinal cord

c)

receptor

d)

effector

156.

What is the name of the type of neuron attached to #4?

a)

sensory neuron

b)

interneuron

c)

motor neuron 

d)

none of these