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SEMESTER 1 FINAL 2021

Total questions: 99

Worksheet time: 5hrs 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
According to scientists, both Earth and moon are...
a)
About 1.6 Billion Years Old
b)
About 4.6 Billion Years Old
c)
About 9.6 Billion Years Old
d)
About 14 Billion Years Old
2.

The composition of todays atmosphere is mostly...

a)

Hydrogen

b)

Oxygen

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Helium

3.

If you know the age of a rock, you know the relative age of the _________________ that was found inside.

a)

sticky tar

b)

fossil

c)

amber

d)

ice

4.
In what way can scientists determine the ages of fossils?
a)
relative dating
b)
radioactive dating
c)
law of superposition
d)
All of the above
5.
In layers of sedimentary rock, the _________ layer is usually at the bottom. Each higher layer is _________ than the layers below it.
a)
oldest, younger
b)
youngest, older
c)
youngest, younger
d)
oldest, older
6.
Scientists use unstable elements that decay, called _________ elements, to determine the actual age of a fossil.
a)
radioactive
b)
cation
c)
anion
d)
petrified 
7.
What is the half-life of a radioactive element?
a)
How old it is when it is middle aged
b)
The time it takes for half of the atoms to decay
c)
The time it takes for half of the atom to form
d)
How old it is when the Earth is middle aged
8.
The millions of fossils that scientists have collected are called
a)
The Geologic Time Scale
b)
The Origin of Species
c)
The Fossil Record
d)
A really neat fossil collection
9.
What is a mass extinction?
a)
the extinction of all of Earth's species at ones time
b)
the extinction of many types of organisms at the same time
c)
the end of days
d)
the creation of many species at one time
10.
Which of these describes a species that has become extinct?
a)
fewer members of the species are dying than being born
b)
more members of the species are dying than being born
c)
very few members of a species are alive
d)
all members of a species have died
11.

A species that no longer exists is said to be _______________.

a)

extinct

b)

endangered

c)

threatened

d)

born

12.
Which rock layer in the diagram seems to be the oldest?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
A
13.

The science that study fossils is called?

a)

zoology

b)

paleontology

c)

fossilogy

d)

virology

14.

About what percentage of life that has ever existed on the earth is extinct

a)

10%

b)

50%

c)

75%

d)

99%

15.

What is Half-life?

a)

The amount of time it takes for some of the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay

b)

The amount of time it takes for half the electrons in a sample of the isotope to decay

c)

The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay

d)

The amount of time it takes to double the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay

16.

What is Half-life?

a)

The amount of time it takes for some of the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay

b)

The amount of time it takes for half the electrons in a sample of the isotope to decay

c)

The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay

d)

The amount of time it takes to double the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay

17.

The half-life of strontium-90 is 25 years. How much strontium-90 will remain after 100 years if the initial amount is 4.0g?

a)

3.0g

b)

0.3g

c)

0.25mg

d)

0.25g

18.

Define: eukaryote

a)

unicellular organism lacking a nucleus

b)

organism whose cells contain nuclei

c)

distinctive fossil used to compare the relative ages of fossils

d)

preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism

19.

Define: continental crust

a)

the outermost layer of Earth's lithosphere that is found under the oceans and formed at spreading centers on oceanic ridges, which occur at divergent plate boundaries.

b)

rocks often start as sediments carried in rivers and deposited in lakes and oceans.

c)

type of pizza

d)

the relatively thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses. It is generally older and more complex than the oceanic crust.

20.

Define: prokaryote

a)

process by which plants and some other organisms use light energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high-energy carbohydrates such as sugars and starches

b)

length of time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay

c)

unicellular organism lacking a nucleus

21.

Define: absolute age dating

a)

the numeric age of an object or event, often stated in years before the present, as established by an absolute-dating process such as radiometric dating

b)

a mixture of gases and particles that surrounds a planet, moon, or other celestial body; one of the four major spheres of the Earth system

c)

distinctive fossil used to compare the relative ages of fossils

22.
What do plants give off after photosynthesis?
a)
Oxygen
b)
carbon
c)
nitrogen
d)
hydrogen
23.
Plants need ________from the air for photosynthesis
a)
oxygen
b)
soil
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
sugar
24.
The products of photosynthesis are
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and water
c)
sugar and cabon dioxide
d)
oxygen and sugar (glucose)
25.
The main source of energy for all life comes from ____.
a)
the Earth
b)
the moon
c)
the sun
d)
the food we eat/make
26.
In what part of the cell does photosynthesis occur?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Epidermis
d)
Vacuole
27.
What is the purpose of photosynthesis?
a)
make glucose
b)
make ATP
c)
make light
d)
release carbon dioxide
28.
Where does cellular respiration take place in the cell?
a)
Cell Membrane
b)
Nucleus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Vacuole
29.
What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
a)
to break down food
b)
to create energy in the body
c)
to release energy from food
d)
there is none; it's a waste of time
30.

What is one of the raw materials of cellular respiration?

a)

energy

b)

glucose

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

water

31.
What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?
a)
6O2 + C6H12O6 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
b)
6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
c)
6CO2 + 6H2O -> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy
d)
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy -> 6O2 + C6H12O6
32.

Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

6CO2 + 6H2O → 6O2 + C6H12O6

b)

6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O → O2

c)

6O2 +6H2O → 6CO2 +C6H12O6

d)

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6H2O + 6CO2

33.
The process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food is called?
a)
photosynthesis
b)
transpiration
c)
cellular respiration
d)
germination
34.
By which process do plants make their own food from carbon dioxide and water?
a)
cellular respiration
b)
transpiration
c)
chlorophyll
d)
photosynthesis
35.
The diagram below shows the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration and the organelles in which they occur.Which statement describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?
a)
 Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.
b)
Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.
d)
 Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.
36.
How are cellular respiration and photosynthesis related, in terms of energy?
a)
The energy captured in photosynthesis is used to power cellular respiration.
b)
The energy transformed in cellular respiration is used to power photosynthesis.
c)
Photosynthesis and respiration perform the same task in terms of energy transformation.
d)
Energy is not involved in either photosynthesis or cellular respiration.
37.
A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event? 
a)
 As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration, which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen. 
b)
As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.
c)
The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.
d)
As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP. 
38.
Why is photosynthesis important?
a)
creates oxygen for animals to breath
b)
creates energy for heterotrophs to use
c)
creates food for plants to use
d)
all of these are correct
39.
How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced by one is needed for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same reactants (need the same things)
d)
These 2 processes have nothing in common
40.
What is the net gain of ATP during glycolysis?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
41.
Anaerobic respiration.....
a)
doesn't require CO2
b)
requires CO2
c)
doesn't require oxygen
d)
requires oxygen
42.
The overall goal of cellular respiration is to make:
a)
Glucose
b)
ATP
c)
Oxygen
d)
Water
43.
What is the total net gain of ATP at the end of aerobic respiration?
a)
2 ATP
b)
34 ATP 
c)
36 ATP
d)
38 ATP
44.

Krebs Cycle takes place in the:

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Ribsome

d)

InterMembrane Space

45.
Which terms best describe heterotrophs?
a)
Plants; producers
b)
Animals; producers
c)
Plants; consumers
d)
Animals; consumers
46.
Which terms best describe autotrophs?
a)
Plants; producers
b)
Animals; producers
c)
Plants; consumers
d)
Animals; consumers
47.
Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from external sources are called
a)
autotrophs
b)
heterotrophs
c)
thylakoids
d)
plants
48.
What is an autotroph?
a)
an organism that can make their own food. 
b)
an organism that cannot make their own food
c)
Herbivore
d)
Omnivore
49.
Which structures shown in the Figure make up the ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A, B and C
c)
A, B, C, and D
d)
C and D
50.
What are the parts of the ATP molecule?
a)
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
b)
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
c)
adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
d)
NADH, NAHPH, FADH
51.
What is the name of a single type of atom?
a)
cell
b)
proton
c)
element
d)
atom
52.
What is the term for combining 2 or more atoms together?
a)
atoms
b)
elements
c)
molecules
d)
compounds
53.
What is the term for combining 2 or more DIFFERENT atoms together?
a)
atoms
b)
elements
c)
molecules
d)
compounds
54.
All ____________ are made up of two or more atoms bonded together.
a)
atoms
b)
molecules
c)
electrons
d)
elements
55.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
56.

DNA belongs to which class of macromolecules?

a)

proteins

b)

nucleic acids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

lipids

57.

Sugar belongs to which class of macromolecules?

a)

proteins

b)

lipids

c)

nucleic acids

d)

carbohydrates

58.
What is the function of nucleic acids?
a)
store genetic information
b)
store energy (long-term)
c)
store energy (short-term)
d)
build skin, hair, nails, muscles
59.
This is one job proteins do NOT have in the body
a)
insulation
b)
structure for tissues and organs
c)
speed up chemical reactions
d)
transport things through cell membrane
60.
What are the four macromolecules?
a)
proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids
b)
monosaccharides, lipids, polysaccaharides, and proteins
c)
RNA, DNA, proteins, and carbohydrates
d)
proteins, DNA, RNA, and steroids
61.
a)
Prophase
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
62.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Telophase
d)
Metaphase
63.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Metaphase
64.
a)
Anaphase
b)
Cytonkinesis
c)
Interphase
d)
Prophase
65.
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Anaphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Prophase
66.
Why would it be important to replicate DNA before a cell divides in mitosis or meiosis?
a)
In order for genetic information to be transferred into daughter cells.
b)
In order for the cell to be able to increase in size.
c)
In order for the DNA to be contained in the nucleus.
d)
In order for the cell to re-order the DNA sequencing in the new cells.
67.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
68.
Cells spend 90% of their time in this stage of the cell cycle. This is the reason you would see most cells in this stage if viewed under a microscope.
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Interphase
69.
Cell division occurs to allow for 
a)
Growth
b)
Reproduction
c)
Repair
d)
All of the above
70.
How many chromosomes do human body cells have?
a)
23
b)
46
c)
92
d)
None of these
71.
What type(s) of cells undergo mitosis?
a)
sex cells
b)
gametes
c)
body cells
d)
sperm and egg cells
72.
What do the cells look like at the end of mitosis?
a)
different from original cell
b)
similar to the original cell
c)
identical to the original cell
d)
none of these
73.
The cell cycle is ______________.
a)
the process of cells circling throughout the body
b)
the process of splitting the organelles
c)
a process where one cell gets energy
d)
the sequence of stages of growth and division that a cell undergoes
74.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
DeNatured Acid
b)
DomiNant Acid
c)
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
d)
DiriboNucleic Acid
75.

CROSSING OVER INCREASES

a)

LIFE SPAN

b)

GENETIC VARIATION

c)

THE NUMBER OF OFF-SPRING

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

76.

WHAT TYPE OF CELLS STORE THE GENETIC INFORMATION THAT IS PASSED TO OFF-SPRING

a)

BODY CELLS

b)

MITOSIS

c)

EGG

d)

SPERM

e)

EGG AND SPERM

77.

MEIOSIS

a)

REDUCES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES BY ONE HALF

b)

PRODUCES UNIQUE SEX CELLS-1N

c)

ALLOWS TRAITS TO BE PASSED TO OFFSPRING

d)

ALL ARE TRUE

e)

INCREASE GENETIC VARIATION

78.

NORMAL HUMANS HAVE 46 CHROMOSOMES, HOW MANY WILL THE SEX CELLS HAVE AFTER MEIOSIS?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

12

d)

92

79.
Cells that have only one chromosome from each pair
a)
meiosis
b)
haploid
c)
homologous
d)
diploid
80.
How many daughter cells are produced from meiosis ?
a)
10
b)
6
c)
4
d)
2
81.

Which of the following are functions of the bones?

a)

Support and Protection

b)

Attachment to the muscles

c)

Stores inorganic salts

d)

All of the above

82.
How many bones are there in the human body?
a)
208
b)
126
c)
206
d)
80
83.
Which body system gets ride of solid waste?
a)
Excretory (Urinary)
b)
Digestive
c)
Circulatory
d)
Respiratory
84.
Which is NOT a function of the Digestive System?
a)
To rid the body of solid waste
b)
Absorb nutrients for energy & growth
c)
Break down nutrients from food
d)
Pump blood around the body
85.

What is the main organ of the circulatory system?

a)

small intestine

b)

bone

c)

lungs

d)

heart

86.

The job of the heart is to . . .

a)

pump blood around the body.

b)

send food to the small intestines.

c)

break down food.

d)

give energy to the body.

87.

Transmits messages to the body and 5 senses

a)

Circulatory System

b)

Nervous System

c)

Skeletal System

d)

Reproductive System

88.

Moves blood and nutrients around the body

a)

Skeletal System

b)

Nervous System

c)

Reproductive System

d)

Circulatory System

89.

Provides structure for the body

a)

Musculatory System

b)

Skeletal System

c)

Excretory System

d)

Nervous System

90.

Allows for movement of the body

a)

Circulatory System

b)

Digestive System

c)

Skeletal System

d)

Musculatory System

91.

Puts oxygen in the bloodstream/removes carbon dioxide

a)

Digestive System

b)

Respiratory System

c)

Circulatory System

d)

Excretory System

92.

What are the "X" shaped things in the drawing.

a)

PMATs

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Telophase

93.

PMAT helps us remember the correct order of the phases of Mitosis. Which of the following has the phases of Mitosis in the correct Order

a)

Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis

b)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase

c)

Anaphase, Telophase, Prophase, Telophase

d)

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase

94.

What is the purpose of Mitosis?

a)

Growth of an organism and Repair of damaged tissue

b)

To help the body get rid of extra cells

c)

To increase the amount of classwork you have to do

d)

To get rid of the nucleus

95.
DNA is replicated during the ______ phase of the cell cycle.
a)
G1
b)
Synthesis
c)
G2
d)
G0
96.
What is it called when a sperm and egg meet?
a)
meiosis
b)
fertilization
c)
cell division
d)
mitosis
97.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
98.
Compared to the number of chromosomes contained in a body cell, how many chromosomes would normally be contained in a gamete?
a)
The same number
b)
One-fourth as many
c)
Twice as many
d)
Half as many
99.
What causes genetic variation in meiosis?
a)
chromosomes lining up
b)
crossing over of chromosomes
c)
separation of chromosomes
d)
chromosomes pulling apart

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