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Worksheetsanatomy final review
Total questions: 145
Worksheet time: 36hrs 1mins
Which is compact bone
B
A
C
D
Which is spongy bone
A
B
C
D
Which is diaphysis
A
B
C
D
Which is epiphysis
A
B
C
D
Where is spongy bone (cancellous bone) located in a long bone?
Diaphysis
Epiphysis
in the joint
medullary cavity
After fracturing your tibia, what type of bone cells would you expect to play a role in bone repair?
osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteoclasts
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
What type of bone is responsible for the majority of production of red marrow in adults?
long bone
short bone
sesamoid bone
flat bone
The middle section of ribs are called false ribs because:
they attach to the sternum only
they attach to the vertebrae only
they attach to the sternum and vertebrae
they attach to the last true rib and to the vertebrae
The pelvic girdle consists of:
2 femurs
2 hip bones and 2 femurs
2 hip bones, femur, vertebrae, and coccyx
2 hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx
A person who is about to fall extends their arms fully to try and catch themselves. Due to the speed that their arms come into contact with the ground, the ulna is pushed up into the humerus and causes what type of fracture?
compression
impacted
comminuted
greenstick
A person standing on their tip toes to reach something in the top of the kitchen cabinet would be doing what type of muscle movement?
extension
eversion
plantar flexion
pronation
Direct muscle attachment is more common than indirect muscle attachment.
True
False
A person lowering their raised hand back down after the teacher calls on them is what type of muscle movement?
opposition
eversion
abduction
adduction
What are the two types of myofilaments found in a skeletal muscle cell?
myosin and sarcoplasm
sarcomere and sarcolemma
actin and myosin
endomysium and perimysium
The attachment of the origin of a muscle is usually stationary while the insertion is usually movable.
True
False
What is the function of epithelial cells?
act as the messaging pathway between differenct areas of the body
provide movement by pulling on bones
provide secretions which help to digest food
act as barriers between the external environment, or between organs and fluid filled cavities
What is another name for the hypodermis?
subcutaneous layer
reticular layer
cutaneous layer
adipose layer
This plane divides the body into superior and inferior parts.
frontal plane
sagittal plane
coronal plane
transverse plane
Which of the following locations does not contain stratified squamous tissue?
lining of the bladder
lining of the mouth
lining of the skin
lining of the esophagus
Which sweat gland creates a sweat that is mostly water?
sudoriferous
apocrine
ceruminous
eccrine
The epidermis is composed of what type of tissue?
stratified squamous epithelium
pseudostratified columbar epithelium
simple cuboidal epithelium
hyaline cartilage
Your fingerprints are created via the dips and ridges characteristic of which layer?
stratum corneum
stratum granulosum
stratum basale
stratum spinosum
Which of the following is not a region that all cells contain?
nucleus
plasma membrane
chloroplasts
cytoplasm
The posterior end of the oral cavity leads into the throat, also known as the _____, a passageway used by both digestive and respiratory systems.
esophagus
trachea
bronchi
pharynx
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine functions?
exocrine cells secrete fluids into ducts; endocrine cells secrete fluids into the bloodstream
exocrine cells secrete fluids to the outside of the body; endocrine cells secrete fluids into the inside of the body
they are synonyms
exocrine cells secrete clear fluids; endocrine cells secrete opaque fluids
Which gland is not an exocrine gland?
sebaceous gland
adrenal gland
salivary gland
sudoriferous gland
The extra layer of skin found on the palms of hands and soles of the feet is categorized as:
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum basale
dermis
Identify which of the following is not a type of connective tissue.
blood
skin
carilage
bone
Which of the following shows the correct pathway for digestion in the body?
mouth, pharynx, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, & anus
mouth, larynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, & anus
mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, & anus
mouth, pharynx, trachea, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, & anus
Which glands of the skin secrete an oily substance which helps keep your skin smooth and soft?
apocrine sweat glands
sebaceous glands
merocrine sweat glands
salivary glands
Which best compares the respiratory system to the circulatory system
The respiratory system transports oxygen to cells, while the circulatory system provides oxygen for cells.
The respiratory system provides oxygen for cells, while the circulatory system transports oxygen to cells.
The respiratory system rids the body of waste, while the circulatory system breaks down food for cell energy.
The respiratory system breaks down food for cell energy, while the circulatory system rids the body of waste.
The tough clear outside covering of a hair shaft is:
cortex
medulla
polymer
cuticle
The ears are primarily made up of _________.
elastic tissue
small bones
fibrocartilage
blood
The dominant (strongest) fiber type in dense fibrous connective tissue (areolar) is:
cartilage
collagen
keratin
elastic
Skeletal muscle differs from the other two types of muscle tissue in that skeletal muscle:
has visible striations
forms muscle fibers
is the only muscle tissue controlled voluntarilly
has only one nucleus per cell
The study of tissues is called:
integumentary
pathology
histology
dermatology
The deadliest type of skin cancer that comes from melanin-producing cells becoming cancerous:
basal cell carcinoma
milgnant melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma
benign cancer
he oldest layer of the epidermis is:
stratum granulosum
stratum coneum
stratum lucidum
stratum basale
A young woman went to the doctor to have a raised, dark spot on her left arm looked at. After further examination the doctor told her that she should not be concerned because the mass was just a cluster of pigment cells also known as a:
skin cancer
freckle
mole
tumor
What three systems are involved with moving your body?
endocrine, immune, integumentary
muscular, circulatory, reproductive
excretory, digestive, immune
nervous, skeletal, muscular
Which system of the human body provides protection to most of the major organs?
skeletal
nervous
muscular
circulatory
The orbital cavity refers to the:
ear region
eye region
mouth region
nose region
What must occur before a cell can divide?
protein synthesis
transcription
translation
DNA replication
Osteocytes embedded within chambers that are surrounded by a matrix of mineral salts and collagen may be found in:
hyaline cartilage
dense regular connective tissue
loose connective tissue
bone
The nose is on the _______ side of the body.
proximal
anterior
posterior
superior
Keratinocytes progressively age and are pushed toward the superficial surface of the skin due to what process:
new keratinocytes being produced in the stratum corneum
new keratinocytes being produced in the stratum basale
new melanocytes being produced in the stratum germinative
new melanocytes being produced in the stratum basale
Which of the lists best illustrates the idea of increasing levels of complexity?
chemicals → tissue → cells → organism → organ → organ system
chemicals → cells → tissue → organ → organ system → organism
organism → organ system → organ → tissue → cell → chemicals
tissues → cells → chemicals → organ → organ system → organism
My toes are _______ to my femur.
proximal
superior
distal
inferior
The purpose of the cell cycle is:
to make two identical sex cells
to make two identical body cells
to replicate DNA
to make four unique sex cells
Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system?
physical barrier against chemical and biological threats
synthesis of vitamin D
thermoregulation
providing oxygen and nutrients from epidermal blood vessels to the subcutaneous tissue below
Intracellular fluid is located inside the plasma membrane of cell and is mainly composed of:
blood
water
proteins
plasma
A plane that separates the body or structure into equal right and left parts down the body's midline is called a:
transverse
sagittal
frontal
midsagittal
Melanocytes arise from what location:
stratum corneum
stratum basale
dermis
hypodermis
The metabolic machinery of the cell. Each is specialized to carry out a specialized function.
cytosol
organelles
extracellular fluid
inclusions
How do the muscular and skeletal systems work together to help the body?
they provide blood
they provide nutrients
they provide structure and movement
they provide oxygen and carbon dioxide
The heart is _______ to the ribs.
superior
medial
lateral
deep
Which of the following is a similarity between cardiac and smooth muscle?
involuntary
spindle-shaped
striated
multinucleated
What is the term given to tissue cells that give the appearance of multiple layers, but are not actually multiple layers?
nucleated
psuedostratified
stratified
simple
The waterproofing protein that fills the cells in the upper layers of the epidermis:
keratin
actin
melanin
melatonin
In what cavity would one have surgery to remove a cancerous liver lobule?
abdominal
thoracic
pelvic
cranial
Which of the following shows the layers of the epidermis in order from superficial to deep?
basale, spinosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum
corneum, granulosum, spinosum, lucidum, basale
corneum, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale
spinosum, granulosum, corneum, basale, lucidum
Which epithelial tissue's shape depends on the amount of stretching that is occurring at the time?
areolar
simple squamous
fibrous connective tissue
transitional
Cytosol is an intracellular fluid that suspends organelles and other particles inside the plasma membrane and is a major component of the:
ribosomes
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
nucleus
Epithelium composed of two or more layers of cells with only the deepest layer in contact with the basement membrane is known as:
simple
pseudostratified
connective
stratified
Which layer contains accessory structures such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and hair follicles?
dermis papillary
epidermis
dermis reticular
hypodermis
Paul spends the day at the lake and does not use any sunscreen, when he gets home he notices his skin is red and swollen. What degree of burn is Paul experiencing?
first degree
second degree
third degree
fourth degree
Which type of tissue provides support and flexibility?
bone connective
hyaline cartilage
squamous epithelium
adipose connective
Chondrocytes secrete an intercellular material that contains thickened ground substance in which type of tissue?
cartilage
dense connective tissue
compact bone
skeletal muscle
Which of these events occur as a result to decrease body temperature?
sweat is produced
contraction of the arrector pili muscle
all of the above
your nails turn red
The movement of chromosomes to opposite poles of the cell during nuclear division:
telophase
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
The following structures belong to which system? trachea, alveoli, and diaphragm
circulatory
excretory
digestive
respiratory
A radiologist wants to get an echocardiogram of your heart. Onto what cavity will they place the transducer?
abdominal
thoracic
cranial
dorsal
This site serves as the synthesis and assembly of ribosomes?
peroxisome
mitochondria
nucleolus
endoplasmic reticulum
The kidney consists of what type of muscle?
skeletal muscle
all of the above
cardiac muscle
smooth muscle
Which of the following is NOT a concept of anatomy?
study of the structure of things
study of functions of microscopic structures
study of functions of macroscopic structures
study of the relationship between two structures
A person is trying to sit on the floor with their legs crossed and in order to do this they must turn the sole of their foot medially which is called:
plantar flexion
inversion
dorsiflexion
eversion
Structure that processes the stimulus sent along the afferent pathway and sends a response along the efferent pathway.
motor neuron
effector organ
sensory neuron
interneuron
Which type of suture runs from the frontal bone to the occipital bone and connects the two parietal bones together?
coronal
squamous
lambdoid
sagittal
The Peripheral Nervous System has the capability of slowly regenerating some of the damaged neurons following an injury.
True
False
When taking a drink of water, the biceps brachii is the _(A)_ while the tricep brachii is the _(B)_ and the brachialis is the_(C)_
What is A?
agonist/prime mover
synergist
antagonist
When taking a drink of water, the biceps brachii is the _(A)_ while the tricep brachii is the _(B)_ and the brachialis is the_(C)_
What is B?
agonist/prime mover
synergist
antagonist
When taking a drink of water, the biceps brachii is the _(A)_ while the tricep brachii is the _(B)_ and the brachialis is the_(C)_
What is C?
agonist/prime mover
synergist
antagonist
A teenager fell off their skateboard at the skate park and tried to catch themself by extending their arms out. They were not wearing wrist guards and immediately began feeling extreme pain. Following an X-ray the doctor said the teenager had experienced a ____ fracture right where their radius meets the carpals.
greenstick
compression
spiral
impacted
When you want to raise your hand to answer a question, what muscle allows your arm to raise?
nervous
cardiac
skeletal
smooth
Tendons connect _____________ to ________________.
muscles to bones
muscles to muscles
bones to bones
muscles to neurons
A person with osteoporosis has serious back complications due to degeneration of the body of their vertebrae. Lately, they have been in even more pain and the X-ray shows the body of their Lumbar 1 vertebrae has broken off and is placing extreme pressure on the Lumbar 2 vertebrae.
spiral
compression
comminuted
greenstick
Which of the following neuroglia cell types produces the blood brain barrier to prevent infections from reaching the brain?
ependymal
satellite
microglia
astrocytes
schwann
Which of the following is not a function of the autonomic nervous system?
innervation of glands
innervation of skeletal muscles
innervation of smooth muscle of the digestive tract
innervation of cardiac muscle
The myelin sheath of a neuron is created by ___ in the CNS and ____ in the PNS.
CNS - Satellite cells PNS - microglia cells
CNS - astrocytes PNS - oligodendrocytes
CNS - oligodendrocytes PNS - schwann cells
CNS - Schwann cells PNS - astrocytes
What is A
talus
proximal phalange
distal phalange
calcaneus
What is B?
talus
distsal phalange
proximal phalange
calcaneus
What is C
talus
proximal phalange
distal phalange
calcaneus
What is D?
talus
proximal phalange
distal phalange
calcaneus
Which of the following shows the correct levels of organization of a skeletal muscle from macroscopic to microscopic?
muscle --> muscle fiber --> fascicle --> sarcomere --> myofilament --> myofibril
muscle fiber --> myofilament --> myofibril --> fascicle --> sarcomere --> muscle
muscle --> fascicle --> muscle fiber --> myofibril --> sarcomere --> myofilament
sarcomere --> myofilament --> muscle fiber --> myofibril --> muscle --> fascicle
Which of the following is unique to cardiac muscle tissue?
is involuntary
is non-striated
has intercalated discs
contains smooth muscle tissue
The length of a muscle ___ whenever a muscle fiber contracts.
lengthens
shortens
extends
stays the same
Unmyelinated fibers, or tracts, allow for the nerve impulse to travel faster across the axon due to the lack of myelin.
True
False
A passageway connecting neighboring osteocytes in an osteon is a:
lamella
lacunae
canaliculi
central canal
Which of the following neuroglia cell types are found in the Peripheral Nervous System only.
satellite cell
microglia cell
schwann cell
oligodendrocyte
ependymal cell
While doing "jumping jacks" during an exercise class, your arms and legs move laterally away from the midline of your body. This motion is called:
flexion
abduction
adduction
extension
Red marrow can be found in both adult and juvenile bones. If a person did not have red marrow, then their bones would not be able to:
store minerals
store calcium
perform hematopoiesis
produce movement
Cartilage heals so much slower than bone because cartilage:
does not have blood supplied to it
doesn't produce its own replacement cells
eventually turns into bone
is a more flexible material compared to compacted bone
Which part of the peripheral nervous system allows for voluntary actions?
central nervous system
parasympathetic division
sympathetic division
somatic nervous system
The humerus, phalanges, & carpals are all part of what structural division of the skeleton?
appendicular
arm
axia
brach-
The wrist consists of ___ carpal bones, whereas the ankle consists of __ tarsal bones.
6 and 7
8 and 7
7 and 8
8 and 8
What substance is released from the end of the axon to propagate (send) a nerve impulse?
chemical
neurotransmitters
electrical
synapse
Neurons receive support and are provided nutrients from what structure?
neuroglia cells
blood cells
nerve cells
muscle cells
What are the three different structural types of joints?
synovial, cartilaginous, and fibrous
fibrous, hinge, and synarthrosis
hinge, pivot, and saddle
amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis, and synarthrosis
What is A
internal oblique
external oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
What is B
internal oblique
external oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
What is C
internal oblique
external oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
What is D
internal oblique
external oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis
Which of the following is the correct pathway of a reflex arc?
effector organ --> sensory receptor --> sensory neuron --> integration center --> motor neuron
Sensory neuron --> sensory receptor --> integration center --> effector organ --> motor neuron
sensory receptor --> sensory neuron --> integration center --> motor neuron --> effector organ
integration center --> motor neuron --> sensory receptor --> sensory neuron --> effector organ
The bones of the ribs would be classified as:
sesamoid
flat
irregular
short
The somatic system contains nerves that control:
skeletal muscles
smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands
internal organs, joints, and glands
skeletal muscles, skin, and glands
Which part of the neuron contains most of the organelles required for cellular functions?
axon
nucleus
synapse
cell body
Which of the following sets of bones come together to create the pectoral girdle?
clavicle and sternum
clavicle and humerus
sternum and ribs
clavicle and scapula
The growth of a long bone occurs until the ___ is reached and then the length of the bone can no longer increase.
epiphyseal plate
articular cartilage
epiphysis
diaphysis
The sympathetic and parasympathetic are subdivisions of the:
somatic nervous system
voluntary nervous system
central nervous system
autonomic nervous system
What are these tissues
Skeletal, smooth, nerve
smooth, cardiac, skeletal
skeletal, smooth, cardiac
cardiac, blood, skeletal
Which term is used for an attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fixed during muscular contraction?
insertion
threshold
tendon
origin
What is A
fascia
epimysium
endomysium
perimysium
what is b
fascia
epimysium
endomysium
perimysium
what is c
fascia
epimysium
endomysium
perimysium
what is d
fascia
epimysium
endomysium
perimysium
The atlas bone allows the head to shake "no" while the axis bone allows the head to shake "yes"
ture
false
The functional group of muscles that oppose or reverse a particular movement are called:
antagonists
prime movers
synergists
fixators
The sensory division carries the stimulus along the efferent pathway to the control center (brain or spinal cord).
true
false
The rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medials, and the vastus intermedius come together to form what muscle group?
ilopsoas
rotator cuff
quadriceps
hamstrings
A group of muscle fibers that get wrapped with perimysium is called:
tendon
fascicles
ligament
fascica
Which of the following is the correct classification of the sutures of the skull which are immovable?
fibrous
diarthrosis
synarthrosis
ampthiarthrosis
Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?
storing minerals
stabilizing joints
movement by contraction
generating heat
A neuron which has only one axon surrounded by several dendrites is classified as:
unipolar
multipolar
bipolar
polar
What is the difference between clusters of cell bodies called ganglia and those known as nuclei?
Ganglia exist in the Central Nervous System and nuclei in the Peripheral Nervous System
There is no difference - they are synonyms
ganglia exists in the peripheral nervous system and nuclei in the central nervous system
nuclei exist in the cells throughout the body and ganglia are only in the brain and spinal cord
The thick filament in a myofibril is called __ while the thin filament is called ____.
myosin; actin
grey matter; white matter
white matter; grey matter
actin; myosin
What is the only bone in the body that does not articulate with another bone?
patella
hyoid
styloid process
clavicle
The adult vertebral column consists of ___ cervical vertebrae, ___ thoracic vertebrae, ___ lumbar vertebrae, __ sacrum, and ___ coccyx.
5, 12, 6, 1, 1
12, 5, 7, 5, 3
7, 12, 5, 1, 1
5, 12, 6, 1, 3
Identify the bones of the pelvis
A: pubis
B: ischium
C: ilium
A: ischium
B: ilium
C: pubis
A: pubis
B: ilium
C: ischium
A: ischium
B: pubis
C: ilium
How are neurons structurally classified?
location of the neurons - PNS or CNS
number of processes extending from the cell body
myelinated or unmyelinated fibers
travel direction of the nerve impulse
The Peripheral Nervous System lies inside the Central Nervous System.
false
true
What of the following statements is correct about what happens during extension?
the bone moves toward the center of the body
the angle between the bones is decreased
the angle between the bones is increased
the bone move away from the body
Which type of articulation only allows for movement in one plane and only allows the two bones to flex or extend? An example of this type of joint is found in your fingers and toes.
hinge joint
ball and socket joint
condylar joint
pivot joint
identify the type of neuron
unipolar
axopolar
multipolar
bipolar
The brachialis, brachioradialis, and tricep brachii are all muscles found in the:
abdomen
thigh
arm
back
Which of the following would be found at articulation points where bone movement is occurring?
cartilage
osteocytes
cerebral spinal fluid
yellow marrow
