The pulmonary vessels and the system vessels constitute the (a)   .

Medium-sized arteries are frequently called (a)   because the smooth muscle tissue enables these vessels to control blood flow to different body regions.

Contraction of the smooth muscle in blood vessels is called (a)   that decreases blood diameter and blood flow.

It is the relaxation of the smooth muscle in blood vessels called (a)   that increases blood vessels in diameter and blood flow.

Blood flow through capillary networks is regulated by smooth muscle called (a)   .

These are located at the origin of the branches of the capillaries and, by contracting and relaxing, regulate the amount of blood flow through the various sections of the network.

(a)  

The capillary walls consist of (a)   which is a layer of simple squamous epithelium surrounded by delicate loose connective tissue.

(a)   have a diameter slightly larger venules.

Veins that have diameters greater than 2 mm contain (a)   which ensure that blood flows toward the heart but not in the opposite direction.

It it the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium of heart.

(a)  

Blood from the right ventricle is pumped intro a short vessel called (a)   .

The pulmonary trunk branches into the ____ and ____, which extend to the right and left lungs, respectively.

(a)  

The (a)   exit the lungs and carry the oxygenated blood to the left atrium.

It is the system of blood vessels that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body and back to the right atrium.

(a)  

(a)   result when the veins of the lower limbs become so dilated that the cusps of the valves no longer overlap to prevent the back flow of blood.

The blood in varicose veins can become so stagnant that it clots and the clots are called (a)   .

Thromboses can cause inflammation of the veins and this condition i s called (a)   .

The lack of blood flow can lead to tissue death and infection with anaerobic bacteria. this condition is called (a)   .

All arteries of the systemic circulation branch directly or indirectly from the (a)   .

It is the part of aorta that passes superiorly from the left ventricle.

(a)  

The aorta arches posteriorly and to the left as the (a)   .

It is the longest part of the aorta.

(a)  

The part of the descending aorta that extends through the thorax to the diaphragm is called the (a)   .

The part of the descending aorta that extends from the diaphragm to the point at which it divides into two common iliac arteries is called the (a)   .

A (a)   is a localized dilation of an artery that usally develops in response to trauma or a congenital (existing at birth) weakness of the artery wall.

The first vessel to branch from the aortic branch is the (a)   .

Brachiocephalic artery extends to a short distance and then branches at the level of the clavicle to form the (a)   , which transport blood to the right side of the head and neck.

The artery which transport blood to the right upper limb.

(a)  

it transport blood to the left side of the head and neck.

(a)  

It transports blood to the left upper limb.

(a)  

The common carotid arteries extend superiorly along each side of the neck to the angle of the mandible, where they branch into (a)   .

The base of each internal carotid artery is slightly dilated to form a (a)   , which contains structures important in monitoring blood pressures (baroreceptors).

The internal carotid arteries pass through the carotid canals and contribute to the (a)   at the base of the brain.

Some of the blood to the brain is supplied by the (a)   , which branch from the subclavian arteries and pass to the head through the transverse foramina of the cervical vertebrae.

Within the cranial activity, the vertebral arteries unite to form a single (a)   located along the anterior, inferior surface of the brainstem.

The subclavian artery, located to the deep clavicle, becomes (a)   , in the axilla (armpit).

When the axillary artery extends into the arm, it is refereed to as the (a)   .

The brachial artery branches at the elbow to form (a)   .

The (a)   , which supply blood to the forearm and hand.

A branch of the thoracic aorta that supply the thoracic organs.

(a)  

A branch of the thoracic aorta that supply the thoracic wall.

(a)  

It is the major parietal arteries which arise from the thoracic aorta and supply extend between the ribs.

(a)  

They supply the intercostal muscles, the vertebrae, the spinal cord, and the deep muscles of the back.

(a)  

It supply the diaphragm.

(a)  

These are the branches of the subclavian arteries and they descend along the internal surface of the anterior thoracic wall and give rise to branches called anterior intercostal arteries.

(a)  

Branches which extend between the ribs to supply the anterior chest.

(a)  

A (a)   is a system of blood vessels that begins and ends with capillary beds and has no pumping mechanism, such as the heart, in between.

This begins with capillaries in the viscera and ends with capillaries in liver

(a)  

The (a)   empties into the splenic vein.

The (a)   carries blood from the spleen and pancreas.

The ____ and ____ carry blood from the intestine.

(a)  

The ____ and ____ join to form the hepatic portal system.

(a)  

The splenic vein and the superior mesenteric vein join to form the (a)   , which enters the liver.

Blood from the liver flows into (a)   , which join the inferior vena cava.

It carry blood from the kidneys.

(a)  

It drain the adrenal gland.

(a)  

It drain the testes in males

(a)  

It drain the ovaries in ovaries

(a)  

The superficial veins consist of the (a)   veins.

It originates over the dorsal and medial side of the foot and ascends along the medial side of the leg and thigh to empty into the femoral vein.

(a)  

It begins over the lateral side of the foot and joins the popliteal vein

(a)  

It becomes the femoral veins and the femoral veins empties into the external iliac vein

(a)  

It the measure of the force blood exerts against the blood vessel walls.

(a)  

When the ventricles contract, blood is forced into arteries, and the preassure reaches a maximum value called (a)   .

When the ventricles relax, blood pressure in the arteries falls to minimum value called (a)   .

Health professionals most often use this method to determine blood pressure.

(a)  

A blood pressure cuff connected to a (a)   that is wrapped around the patient's arm

It is placed over the brachial artery.

(a)  

This turbulence produces vibrations in the blood and surrounding tissues that can be heard through the stethoscope and these sounds are called (a)   , and the pressure at which its first is heard is the systolic pressure.

It is also know as High blood pressure.

(a)  

It affects at least 20% of all people of all people at some time in their lifves

(a)  

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures is called (a)   .

Ejection of blood from the left ventricle into the aorta produces a pressure wave, or (a)   , which travels rapidly along the arteries.

It is also known as swelling, and results from a disruption in the normal inwardly and outwardly directed pressures across the capillary walls.

(a)  

It is an area of the lower pons and upper medulla oblongata, called (a)   , continually transmits a low frequency of action potentials to the sympathetic nerve fibers that innervate blood vessels of the body.

As a consequence, the peripheral blood vessels are continually in a partially constricted state, this condition is called (a)   .

It is slightly less than the average of the systolic and diastolic pressures in the aorta because diastoles lasts longer than systole.

(a)  

These responds to stretch in arteries caused by increased pressure.

(a)  

These regulate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis

(a)  

These respond to changes in blood concentrations of O2 and CO2 as well as pH.

(a)  

These are small structures that lie near the carotid sinuses.

(a)  

These lie near the aortic arch.

(a)  

Because they are sensitive to chemical changes in the blood, they are called (a)  

It is inadequate blood flow throughout the body that causes tissue damage due to lack of O2.

(a)  

It is result of reduced blood volume.

(a)  

This is caused by internal or external bleeding, is one type of hypovolemic shock.

(a)  

This results from loss of plasma, as may occur in severely burned areas of the body.

(a)  

This is reduced blood volume resulting form the loss of interstitial fluid, as may occur as a result of diarrhea, vomiting, or dehydration.

(a)  

This caused by vasodilation in response to emotional upset or anesthesia.

(a)  

This is caused by an allergic response that results in the release of inflammatory.

(a)  

This caused by infections that release toxic substances into the circulatory system (blood poisoning), depressing the heart's activity and leading to vasodilation and increased capillary permeability.

(a)  

This results from a decrease in cardiac output caused by events that decrease the heart's ability to function.

(a)  

It is a common cause of cardiogenic shock.

(a)  

In response to reduced blood flow, the kidneys release an enzyme called (a)   into the circulatory system.

Renin acts on the blood protein angiotensinogen to produce (a)   .

It is another enzyme that is found in large amounts in organs, such as the lungs, acts on angiotensin I to convert to its most active form angiotensin II.

(a)  

It is a potent vasoconstrictor.

(a)  

Also called Vasopressin

(a)  

Nerve cells in the hypothalamus respond by causing the release of this hormone from the posterior pituitary gland.

(a)  

It is a peptide hormone that is released primarily from specialized cells of the right atrium in response to elevated blood pressure.

(a)  

It is a type of arteriosclerosis that results from the deposition of material in the walls of arteries that forms plaque.

(a)