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WorksheetsSemester 1 Review: Energy and Matter
Total questions: 50
Worksheet time: 4hrs 10mins
Describe the energy transformation when a car's engine burns fuel.
mechanical energy is converted into chemical energy
chemical energy is converted into mechanical energy
mechanical energy is converted into potential energy
potential energy is converted into chemical energy
Taylor built an electric circuit using a battery, wire, light socket, and a bulb. What would the energy transformation for this system be when the circuit is complete and the bulb is lit?
Electrical energy → light energy and heat energy
Mechanical energy → light energy and sound energy
Electrical energy → light energy and chemical energy
Chemical energy → thermal energy and electrical energy
What is the energy transformation when an electric coffee pot heats water?
Electrical energy is transformed into chemical energy.
Chemical energy is transformed into thermal (heat) energy.
Electrical energy is transformed into radiant (light) energy.
Electrical energy is transformed into thermal (heat) energy.
Sam tossed a ball into the air. When the ball reaches the top of its arc, what type of energy does the have at its peak?
potential energy
kinetic energy
it has no type of energy
both potential and kinetic
At which point would the kinetic energy be the greatest?
A
B
C
D
Which graph represent the energy at Point E on the pendulum?
Which of the following best describes a bow being drawn back and firing an arrow at a target?
gravitational potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy
kinetic energy is transformed into gravitational potential energy
elastic potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy
gravitational potential energy is transformed into elastic potential energy
What is the energy transformation of a skateboarder going down a hill?
kinetic energy to potential energy
potential energy to kinetic energy
elastic potential energy to mechanical energy
mechanical energy to potential energy
When fireworks are lit, they undergo a chemical change; however, what is the energy transformation involved in this process?
Potential energy is converted into light, heat, and sound.
Kinetic energy is converted into light, heat, and sound.
Potential energy is converted into mass, light, and sound.
Kinetic energy is converted into light, mass, and heat.
Which of the following situations would mechanical energy be converted into electrical energy?
eating a hamburger
cookies browning in the oven
using a generator to power a engine
the sun warming the water
Define Law of Conservation of Energy.
Energy can be created or destroyed. Energy cannot change form.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed into other forms of energy.
Matter cannot be created or destroyed, it cannot transform into other forms of matter.
Matter can be created or destroyed, and transformed into other forms of matter.
Why does Point F have more potential energy than Point G, Point H, and Point K?
Potential energy would be the greatest at the highest point (Point F) during the ride because it has more gravitational potential energy due to its height.
Point F does not have the greatest potential energy because at Point K, you are going faster than your are at Point F.
Potential energy would be the greatest at Point H instead of Point F because you are going at a higher rate of velocity.
Potential energy would be the greatest at the highest point because it has the greatest amount of elastic potential energy.
Using the phase change diagram, explain the relationship between heat and energy.
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy increases.
As the temperature decreases, the kinetic energy increases.
There is no relationship between temperature and energy.
As the temperature increases, the kinetic energy decreases.
What is the change of state when water freezes into ice?
liquid to a gas
liquid to a solid
solid to a gas
gas to a liquid
What are the 3 types of heat transfer?
conduction, insulation, convection
conduction, convection, radiation
insulation, convection, radiation
conduction, radiation, insulation
Heat transfer by direct contact is
conduction
convection
radiation
insulation
The burning logs in a fire place produce heat energy. You stand in front of the fire place and become very warm. How is the heat energy transferred?
conduction
convection
radiation
air currents
Which of the following would be an example of convection?
A hot air balloon rising into the air.
Running across the hot sand at the beach and burning your feet.
Sitting in a plastic chair on a hot day and feeling your back get extremely warm from the chair.
A spoon getting warm in a very hot bowl of soup.
What is the difference between a physical and a chemical change?
A physical change does not change the chemical composition of the substance.
A chemical change does not change the chemical composition of the substance.
There is no difference between a chemical change and a physical change.
A physical change does change the chemical composition of the substance.
Select the situations that involve a Physical Change (more than one answer)
Mixing salt and water to make salt water
Tearing paper into smaller pieces
Breaking a cookie into smaller pieces
Change of State (Melting, Boiling, Freezing)
Which of the following situations are indications of a Chemical Change? (select all that apply)
The glass tube in a glow stick is broken and the stick gives off light.
The metal disc in a heat pack is bent back and forth and it becomes very warm to the touch.
The plastic tube in a cold pack is broken and it becomes icy to the touch.
Ice is placed in a cup of hot coffee and begins to melt.
Identify all the evidence of a chemical change in the following situation:
Bob mixed iodine, citric acid, baking soda, and hydrogen peroxide in a beaker. He noticed a sudden change in color from clear to black, as the mixture bubbled (gas production), and there was a drop in temperature.
bubbles (producing a gas)
change in color
mixing iodine, citric acid, baking soda, and hydrogen peroxide
change in temperature
What type of change occurs when a round clump of play dough is pressed into a flat disc?
chemical
physical
both chemical and physical
neither chemical or physical
The following items are carefully placed in a graduated cylinder. The density of each is given.
Honey (1.45 kg/L)
Vegetable oil (0.92 kg/L)
Water (1 kg/L)
Lamp Oil (0.81 kg/L)
Dish Soap (1.06 kg/L)
What is the order of the substances from most dense to least dense?
water, lamp oil, honey
vegetable oil, dish soap, honey
honey, water, lamp oil
dish soap, honey, lamp oil
Given the following situation, identify the chemical property/properties of matter:
A silver-colored element has been stored in mineral oil and displayed no type of reaction. Once a small piece of the element is cut from the sample, it is placed in bowl with a small amount of water. The element begins to react in the water producing a flame and heat.
small piece of the element is cut from the stored ample
the element sample reacts with water
the element produces light due to burning (flame)
the element produces heat during the reaction with water
Describe the law of conservation of mass in terms of the following experiment:
A reaction took place in a closed container.
Before the reaction, the mass of the container and its contents were found to be 35 grams.
After the reaction, the mass of the container and its contents were found to be the same as it was before the reaction had occurred.
Why?
Since mass cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form, the closed container allowed for the mass to remain the same because it did not allow for any of the products to escape into the environment.
Since mass can be created or destroyed while it changes form, the closed container allowed for the mass to remain the same because the reaction created additional products balancing the mass.
Since mass can be created but not destroyed while undergoing a chemical reaction, the closed container prevented the products from completing its reaction, therefore keeping the mass the same.
Since mass can be created or destroyed while undergoing a chemical reaction, the closed container allows for the mass to remain the same since none of the products were allowed escape into the environment.
Which of the following shows a balanced chemical reaction?
H₂O₂ → H₂ + H₂O
H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O₂
2Al + 3Ag₂S → 6Ag + Al₂S₃
CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
Plants use the sun's radiant energy, carbon dioxide from the air, and water to produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).
Which of the following represents this process in a balanced chemical equation?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
6CO₂ + H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
An acid and a base were used to demonstrate a chemical change.
20 grams of baking soda was placed in a beaker and 20 grams of lemon juice was added
The two substances bubbled and the beaker became cold to the touch.
When the beaker with the 2 substance was placed on a balance the mass was only 38 grams.
Why?
The beaker changed size during the reaction.
The air pressure was different after the reaction.
The reaction was done in an open system and the gas released during the reaction can account for the change in mass.
A mistake was made in calculating the amount of reactants.
Use the Law of Conservation of Mass to find the amount of the carbon dioxide (gas) produced in the reaction.
Reactants:
20 grams of baking soda is combined with 20 grams of citric acid in 10 grams of water.
Products:
45 grams of sodium citrate in water and _____ carbon dioxide
What is the amount of carbon dioxide produced?
50 grams
20 grams
10 grams
5 grams
What is all matter composed of?
atoms
elements
pure substances
compounds
Which of the following are compounds? (select all that apply)
Water - H₂O
Carbon Dioxide - CO₂
Sodium Chloride - NaCl
Gold - Ag
Which of the following is considered a pure substance?
Water (H₂O)
Beach sand with shells
Fruit Loops and Milk
S'mores
Which of the following is considered a mixture? (select all that apply)
Water (H₂O)
Beach sand with shells
Fruit Loops and Milk
Oxygen (O2)
How is a mixture and a pure substance different?
A mixture can be separated by physical means.
A pure substance can be separated by physical means.
What is the difference between atoms and molecules?
Atoms are basic units of an element; molecules are composed of atoms that are chemically bonded together.
Molecules are basic units of an element; atoms are composed of molecules that are chemically bonded together.
Elements are basic units of an atom; molecules are composed of elements that are chemically bonded together.
Atoms are basic units of an molecule; atoms are composed of molecules that are chemically bonded together.
Identify the pure substance:
Where is each subatomic particle located in an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and most of the electrons are located in the nucleus of an atom. The valence electrons are located in the electron cloud.
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus of an atom. The electrons are outside the nucleus in the electron cloud.
The protons are located in the nucleus of an atom. The neutrons and electrons are located outside the nucleus in the electron cloud.
All the subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of an atom. Only the valence electrons are located in the electron cloud.
Carbon has an atomic number of 6. How many electrons would a neutral carbon atom contain?
6
12
2
unknown
Why would Lithium (Li) have the similar chemical properties as Sodium (Na)?
Lithium (Li) has the similar chemical properties as Sodium (Na) because it is in the same family (group), the alkali metals.
Elements in the same family have the same number of valence electrons; for this reason it is why these elements react in a similar manner.
Lithium (Li) has the similar chemical properties as Sodium (Na) because it is in the same row (period). Elements in the same period have the same number of valence electrons; for this reason it is why these elements react in a similar manner.
Lithium (Li) has the similar chemical properties as Sodium (Na) because it is in the same row (period). Elements in the same period have the same number of energy levels; for this reason it is why these elements react in a similar manner.
Lithium (Li) has the similar chemical properties as Sodium (Na) because it is in the same group (family). Elements in the same group have the same number of energy levels; for this reason it is why these elements react in a similar manner
Where are the metalloids located on the Periodic Table?
Group 1 with the Alkali Metals
Group 17 with the Halogens
Group 18 with the Noble Gases
Along the "staircase" separating the metals from the nonmetals
Identify the element, number of protons, number of electrons, and number of neutrons from the following information:
Atomic Number: 3
Atomic Mass: 6.941
(*This is a neutral atom)
Element - Lithium; Protons - 3; Electrons - 3; Neutrons - 4
Element - Lithium; Protons - 3; Electrons - 6.941; Neutrons - 4
Element - Lithium; Protons - 3; Electrons - 3; Neutrons - 6.941
Element - Lithium; Protons - 3; Electrons - 7; Neutrons - 10
What are the charges of the subatomic particles?
It depends on the type of the type of the element. (Noble Gases are always positive and Halogens are always negative)
Protons (positive), Neutrons (neutral) and Electrons (negative)
Protons (positive), Neutrons (negative) and Electrons (neutral)
Protons (neutral), Neutrons (positive) and Electrons (negative)
What are the rows on the periodic table called?
periods
groups
families
sections
What do the columns (groups or families) on the periodic table represent?
These can indicate the number of valence electrons located on the outer energy level.
These can indicate the number of protons located in the nucleus.
These can indicate the number of valence electrons located on the nucleus.
These can indicate the number of valence neutrons located on the innermost energy level.
What are valence electrons?
electrons in the outermost energy level
electrons in the innermost energy level
electrons in each of the energy levels
the number of electrons in the nucleus
Why are the noble gases non-reactive?
They have a full outer energy level with 8 electrons.
They have a full nucleus with 8 electrons.
They have a full nucleus.
They all have 8 protons, 8 electrons, and 8 neutrons.
A scoop of baking soda is added to a beaker containing vinegar. The baking soda
disappears and bubbles are observed. This is an example of a _____________ change.
chemcial
state
phase
physical
Which of these is a physical property?
the boiling point of water is 100° C
flammability of a piece of paper
pure sodium reacts violently with water
vinegar reacts with baking soda to form bubbles
Which of the following is a definite indicator of a chemical change?
A substance is converted from a liquid to a gas.
The size of a substance is changed.
A new substance is formed.
The change in a substance is reversible.
