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Anatomy and Physiology Semester 1 Final

Total questions: 66

Worksheet time: 2hrs 12mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which organ system allows for movement and posture, body temperature maintenance, and support of soft tissues?

a)

Cardiovascular

b)

Muscular

c)

Respiratory

d)

Skeletal

2.

The mouth is ________ to the eyes, while the shoulders are ____ to the hips.

a)

Inferior, superior

b)

Lateral, medial

c)

Deep, superficial

d)

Distal, proximal

3.

The arms are ________ to the neck, while the nose is ____ to the ears.

a)

lateral, medial

b)

medial, inferior

c)

distal, proximal

d)

proximal, ventral

4.

The _________ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections, while the ____ plane divides the body into left and right sides.

a)

transverse, coronal

b)

frontal, median

c)

coronal, sagittal

d)

sagittal, frontal

5.

If the calcium in your blood decreases below homeostasis levels, a gland in the brain will sense the decrease and send a chemical message to your bones. Your bones will release calcium into the blood, bringing blood calcium levels back up.

a)

Positive Feedback Response

b)

Negative Feedback Loop

6.
Away from the origin or trunk
a)
Deep
b)
Distal
c)
Proximal
d)
Posterior
7.
Which of the following best describes anatomical position?
a)
Erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward
b)
erect position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing backwards
c)
laying position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing forward
d)
laying position of the body with the face directed forward, the arms at the side, and the palms of the hands facing backwards
8.

This type of connective tissue forms strong rope like structures such as tendons and ligaments.

a)

Loose connective

b)

Dense regular connective

c)

Cartilage

d)

Bone

9.
This type of cartilage forms a cushion like disk between the vertebrae.
a)
Fibrocartilage
b)
Elastic cartilage
c)
Hyaline cartilage
d)
Simple Squamous
10.

___ epithelium has only one layer of cells, while ____ epithelium has many layers

a)

Stratified, pseudostratified

b)

Simple, stratified

c)

Squamous, Columnar

11.

This type of loose connective tissue is made up of FAT cells and functions to insulate, protect, and store energy.

a)

adipose

b)

areolar

c)

reticular

d)

nervous

12.

A second degree burn damages down to the ____ layer of skin which is made up of connective tissue, blood vessels, nervous tissue, glands, and hair follicles.

a)

epidermis

b)

dermis

c)

subcutaneous fascia or hypodermis

13.

A first degree burn damages the outer layer of the skin called the ___

a)

Hypodermis

b)

Epidermis

c)

Dermis

14.

What are the four types of tissue ?

a)

epithelial, muscle, nervous, connective

b)

connective, bounty, epithelial, muscle

c)

skeletal, muscle, integumentary, connective

15.
In what order are the outermost to innermost skin layers?
a)
dermis, hypodermis, epidermis
b)
epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
c)
hypodermis,epidermis, dermis
16.
What is the most painful type of burn?
a)
First-degree burns, because the outer skin is so sensitive
b)
Third-degree burns, because they are the most severe
c)
Second-degree burns, because nerve endings are still intact even though tissue damage is severe
d)
All types of burns are excruciatingly painful
17.
Which of the following is a function of epithelial tissue?
a)
Protection
b)
Absorption
c)
Secretion
d)
All the the above
18.
Name the tissue
a)
Simple squamous
b)
Simple columnar
c)
Simple cuboidal
d)
Pseudo stratified columnar
19.
What section would be used to amputate a patient's leg at the knee?
a)
coronal
b)
transverse
c)
frontal
d)
sagittal
20.
Antecubital:
a)
front of elbow
b)
back of knee
c)
medial thigh
d)
foot
21.
Brachial:
a)
forearm
b)
shoulder
c)
knee
d)
arm
22.
Which tissue type allows for rapid diffusion of gases and nutrients across cell membranes?
a)
STRATIFIED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM
b)
STRATIFIED CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM
c)
GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM
d)
SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM
23.
Which type of mechanism increases an original disturbance away from the normal limits?
a)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
b)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
c)
MEDIAL FEEDBACK MECHANISM
d)
LATERAL FEEDBACK MECHANISM
24.
When we become dehydrated, we become thirsty, which causes us to drink fluids an example of...
a)
POSITIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
b)
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK MECHANISM
c)
MEDIAL FEEDBACK MECHANISM
d)
LATERAL FEEDBACK MECHANISM
25.
The elements of physiological control systems include:
a)
A receptor or some kind of sensor
b)
An effector
c)
A control center that determines output
d)
All of the above
26.
The heart is ___ to the lungs.
a)
Distal
b)
Superior
c)
Inferior 
d)
Medial
27.
The fingers are ___ to the elbow.
a)
Distal
b)
Superior
c)
Inferior
d)
Medial
28.
Which of the following is a function of the skin?
a)
Body temperature control via sweating and heat radiation
b)
Production of vitamin D
c)
Protection from bacterial invasion
d)
All of the above
29.
This type of tissue is non-striated and would be found lining the digestive tract.
a)
skeletal muscle
b)
cardiac muscle
c)
smooth muscle
d)
pseudostratified
30.
When a cell is placed in a hypertonic (more concentrated) solution water
a)
moves from the inside of the cell to the solution
b)
moves from the solution to the inside of the cell
c)
moves equally in and out of the cell
d)
none of these
31.
Blood is a type of .....
a)
Epithelial Tissue
b)
Connective Tissue
c)
Muscle Tissue
d)
Nervous Tissue
32.
What is the name of the collar bone?
a)
Clavicle
b)
Scapular
c)
Sternum
d)
Xiphoid
33.
What is the name of the long bone in the top part of the leg?
a)
Patella
b)
Femur
c)
Fibula
d)
Tibia
34.

The forearm bone closest to the thumb is the __________.

a)

Ulna

b)

Radius

35.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeleton?
a)
Production of blood cells
b)
Gives the body form
c)
Protects internal organs
d)
Generates heat
36.
a)

Scapula

b)

Sternum

c)

Clavicle

d)

Humerus

e)

Radius

37.
The study of the shape and structure of body parts.
a)
Anatomy
b)
Physiology
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Metabolism
38.
What is the correct order of organization
a)
tissues-cells-organs-organ systems-organism
b)
cell-tissue-organs-organ systems-organism
c)
organism-cells-tissues-organ systems-organism
d)
tissues-cells-organs-organ sytems-organism
39.

An example of a positive feedback loop is ____________.

a)

Childbirth

b)

Blood Pressure regulation

c)

Thermoregulation

d)

All of the above

40.
What is a function of keratin?
a)
To generate new cells
b)
To waterproof the skin
c)
To protect the teeth
d)
To aid in pigmentation
41.
Which of the following tissues is made up of cells that contract when stimulated?
a)
Epithelial
b)
Connective
c)
Muscle 
d)
Nervous
42.
a)
simple cuboidal
b)
stratified squamous
c)
simple squamous
d)
hyaline cartilage
43.
What is the function of epithelial cells?
a)
Act as barriers between the external environment, or between organs and fluidfilled cavities
b)
Provide movement by pulling on bones
c)
Provide secretions which help to digest food
d)
Act as the messaging pathway between different areas of the body
44.
Functions of connective tissue include 
a)
storing energy reserves
b)
establishing a structural framework for the body
c)
providing protection for delicate organs
d)
all of the above
45.

What is the name of the plasma membrane surrounding each muscle fiber?

a)

T Tubule

b)

Sarcolemma

c)

Sarcoplasm

d)

Nucleus

46.

What is the contractile unit of the muscle?

a)

Z disk

b)

Sarcomere

c)

Muscle fiber

d)

Muscle cell

47.

What part of the muscle fiber stores Ca ions and releases them when stimulated?

a)

T tubule

b)

Sarcolemma

c)

Nucleus

d)

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

48.

What protein makes up the thick filaments?

a)

Troponin

b)

Tropomyosin

c)

Myosin

d)

Actin

49.

What is the name of the neurotransmitter that is released from the neuron to the sarcolemma?

a)

Acetylcholine

b)

Acetone

c)

ATP

d)

Calcium

50.

Which pathway produces 95% of the energy for muscles?

a)

Anaerobic Repsiration

b)

Glycolysis

c)

Direct Phosphorylation

d)

Aerobic Respiration

51.

given the following events:

1.acetycholine broken down

2.acetylcholine moves across the synaptic cleft

3.action potential reaches the terminal branch (presynaptic terminal)

4.acetylcholine combines with a receptor molecule on a skeletal muscle (postsynaptic membrane)

5.action potential produced in skeletal muscle cell


Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order the occur at a neuromuscular injunction

a)

2,3,4,1,5

b)

3,2,4,5,1

c)

3,4,2,1,3

d)

4,5,2,1,3

52.

Which connective tissue surrounds individual muscle fibers?

a)

epimysium

b)

endomysium

c)

perimysium

53.
According to the sliding filament model, muscle
contraction begins when:
a)
calcium ion concentration increases exposing binding sites.
b)
myosin heads pull on actin filaments.
c)
ATP splits to form ADP and P.
d)
myosin heads release the actin filaments
54.

What happens to the distance between Z lines when a muscle relaxes?

a)

increases

b)

decreases

55.

Rigor mortis results from the lack of _____ to relax muscles.

a)

glucose

b)

ATP

c)

mitochondria

d)

carbon dioxide

56.
What is a crossbridge?
a)
Where myosin binds to actin
b)
Where the calcium crosses into the cytoplasm
c)
Where calcium binds with troponin
d)
None of the answers are correct.
57.

During the Cross Bridge Cycle, when ADP leaves the myosin head, the ________

a)

myosin head goes into the cocked or ready position

b)

myosin head pulls on the actin and the sarcomere shortens

c)

The myosin head enters the high energy state and only binds to the actin filament

d)

the myosin head enters the low energy state

58.

What is 3 pointing at?

a)

Sarcomere

b)

Actin

c)

Myosin

d)

Z line

59.
a)
Flexion
b)
extension
c)
abduction
d)
adduction
60.
a)
Flexion
b)
extension
c)
abduction
d)
adduction
61.

The sliding filament theory of muscle contraction says

a)

Actin and myosin filaments condense, thus causing the filament to shorten which in turn shortens the muscle

b)

Myosin rotates and wraps actin around it making the muscle shorter

c)

Friction is reduced between thin and thick filaments causing the thick filaments to move inside the thin

d)

Actin filaments slide over myosin filaments, making the muscle shorter

62.

What is 4 pointing at?

a)

Sarcomere

b)

Actin

c)

Myosin

d)

Z line

63.

What is the contractile unit of the muscle?

a)

actin and myosin

b)

Sarcomere

c)

Muscle fiber

d)

Muscle cell

64.

Anaerobic exercises performed over prolonged periods without adequate rest will cause a/an:

a)

buildup of lactic acid.

b)

increase in blood sugar.

c)

increase in muscle atrophy.

d)

loss of minerals in bones.

65.

What bone is this?

a)

Tibia

b)

Fibula

c)

Ulna

d)

Radius

66.

What bone is this?

a)

Humerus

b)

Fibia

c)

Radius

d)

Ulna

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