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WorksheetsAPES Midterm Review
Total questions: 85
Worksheet time: 48mins
Members of an r-selected species characteristically
larger-bodied
put energy into reproduction not survival
good competitors
are very protective of their offspring
The K-selection reproductive strategy maximizes survival of offspring by producing
many offspring with low levels of parental care
few offspring with low levels of parental care
many offspring with high levels of parental care
few offspring with high levels of parental care
Which represents an r-selected species?
A
B
C
D
E
Which represents a species that has a constant death rate
a
b
c
d
Line b represents
exponential growth
overshoot and dieoff
constant growth
species at carrying capacity
Line c represents
exponential growth
overshoot and dieoff
constant growth
species at carrying capacity
Which has a negative growth rate
Country 1
Country 2
Country 3
Country 4
Which country has the highest fertility rate?
Country 1
Country 2
Country 3
Country 4
Which of the following can be interpreted from an age-structure diagram of a country?
The maximum age when women give birth
The total fertility rate of the population
The relative population growth rate of the population
The carrying capacity of the local environment
Which of the following best describes a density-independent factor that controls population size?
Competition for resources like food and water
Infectious disease transmission
Reduced availability of habitat
Occurrences of droughts and flooding
During which stage does population experience an explosive increase in growth?
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
During which stage of the demographic transition are birth rates and death rates become equal but population is high
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Stage 4
Most volcanism in the world is associated with
faulting
aquifer depletion
midcontinental hot spots
plate boundaries
Which letter refers to a convergent plate boundary?
A
B
C
D
Which letter refers to a divergent plate boundary?
A
B
C
D
The location where new crust is being created at a divergent plate boundary
A
B
C
D
This horizon is the most biologically active horizon and is made of a mixture of organic & mineral material.
A (O horizon)
B (topsoil)
C (B horizon)
D (parent material)
E (Bedrock)
What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point T ?
75% Sand, 20% Silt, 5% Clay
70% Sand, 20% Silt, 10% Clay
65% Sand, 30% Silt, 10% Clay
60% Sand, 30% Silt, 10% Clay
What is the correct sequence of layers of the earth's atmosphere from earth's surface to space?
troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, troposphere.
troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere.
stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, thermosphere.
Which two factors allow earth to experience four distinct seasons?
latitude & solar intensity
tilt of axis & rotation of axis
tilt of axis & rotation around sun
distance from sun & place in orbit around sun
Temperatures in the stratosphere increase with elevation due to the presence of the
electrically charged ions
high-speed winds
ozone Layer
numerous clouds
The Coriolis effect
changes the circulation direction of water running down a drain
changes the direction of river flow
changes the direction of winds all around the earth
causes winds in the Southern Hemisphere to move to the west
The Coriolis effect is a result of
earth's gravitational pull
earth's rotation on its axis
the gravitational pull of the moon
the revolution of earth around the sun
Which of the following best illustrates an abiotic component of the environment affecting a biotic component of the environment?
A thick planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside.
Plants release O2 into the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
Low Nitrogen content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.
Coral reefs modify the direction of an ocean current.
Which of the following is a biome found at
30° N and 30° S
Rain forests
Tundra
Desert
coniferous forest
A field is abandoned, and an invasive plant that can live in nutrient-poor soil moves into the field. If the land is later cleared of this invasive species and it is discovered that the soil has an abundance of nitrogen compounds, what conclusion can best be made?
The plants used up all of the phosphorus and potassium and left the nitrogen behind.
Primary succession always produces an abundance of nitrogen.
Bacteria in soil and in root nodules converted free nitrogen into nitrogen compounds.
More rock was weathered and broken down to release nitrogen compounds.
According to the diagram, what biome would you expect to find in a area with an average temperature of 25oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?
Tropical seasonal forest/savanna
temperate rainforest
woodland/shrubland
temperate seasonal forest
tropical rainforest
Which would be a secondary consumer?
rabbit
mouse
aphid
fox
Why are vegetables a more sustainable food source than meat?
It takes less land to raise animals for food.
It takes more land to raise animals for food.
Vegetables require more fertilizer.
Vegetables require more pesticides.
In an acre of grassland, net primary productivity is best measured as
carbon taken up by plants in sunlight plus carbon released by plants in the dark
carbon taken up by plants in sunlight
aboveground biomass of plants
aboveground and belowground biomass of plants
carbon taken up by plants in sunlight minus carbon released by plants in the dark
The ability of an ecological community to remain stable in the presence of a disturbance
The underlying subsoil of this biome is permafrost, which prevents both water draining through and deep-rooted plants from growing. Additionally, there is very little precipitation per year.
Temperate grassland
Taiga/Boreal Forest
Tundra
Tropical Rainforest
What are properties of the soil determined by
time
parent material
climate
topography
ALL of these determine the properties of the soil
The climate affects the type of soil that is created. Which of the following biomes would result in rapid weathering, leaching of nutrients, decomposition of organic detritus due to a lot of rain and warm temperatures.
Tundra
Coniferous Forest (Boreal Forest)
Deciduous Forest
Tropical Rain Forest
How does compacting soil from anthropogenic means impede water drainage?
Drying at deeper layers of soil
Waterlogging-water not draining
preventing soil development
Each of these is an affect of compacted soil
This soil layer is found in some acidic soils and it is where metals such as iron, aluminum, and other nutrients are leached from above.
O horizon
A horizon
E horizon
B horizon
What type of event will occur at this boundary?
Earthquake
Volcano Eruption
Tornado
Mountain Building
The rate at which water flows through the soil is called soil percolation or ______.
Groundwater
Permeability
Soil Pores
Porosity
oceanic plate collides with a continental plate and slides beneath it; the older, denser crust slides under the younger, less-dense crust.
convergent boundary
divergent boundary
transform boundary
subduction
This occurs when two different species coexist, and each species uses only a portion of the available resources.
Competitive Exclusion Principle
Resource Partitioning
Character Displacement
Mimicry
You go to an area dominated by grasses with scattered trees. There are distinct Wet and Dry seasons. Based on the angle of the sunlight, you think you are near the equator. You are most likely in a:
Savanna
Tropical Rainforest
Temperate Grassland
Shrubland
Turbidity is a measure of:
The health of a stream
The clarity of the water
Dissolved Oxygen
Speed of the water
What are the benefits of wetlands
Prevent flooding
Bird habitat
Filter out pollutants
Recharge groundwater
Breed mosquitoes
The main reservoir for Nitrogen is the:
Air
Soil
Bacteria
Water
In which cycle is limestone a key factor?
Carbon
Phosphorus
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Nitrogen is converted into nitrites and nitrates in:
Nitrogen Fixation
Denytrification
Mineralization
Nitrification
Why does the phosphorus cycle not recycle from the oceans back to land as fast as the other cycles.
Phosphorus is not in fossil fuels so we dont extract it.
There is no atmospheric component
It is not washed off in runoff.
The bonds of atmospheric phosphorus are too strong.
If NPP is 30 and GPP is 50, respiration is
15
5
45
20
Energy is lost as you go up each trophic level. It is turned into
CO2
O2
Heat
Minerals
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
Tourism in Yellowstone National Park would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
A forest that naturally purifies our air would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
A population's zone of intolerance is...
the range where organisms survive, grow, and reproduce
the range where organisms survive, but experience lack of growth and decreased activity
the range where organisms will die
Would the continuous or fragmented habitats be more able to recover from a natural disturbance?
Contiguous
Fragmented
Which of the following statements is true?
Primary succession is followed by secondary succession
Primary succession occurs over a shorter time span
Forest fires and hurricanes lead to primary succession because a soil base still exists
Volcanoes creating igneous rock formations lay based for primary succession to take place
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have more biodiversity
Small islands have more species
Small islands have less resources
These animals are not choosy about what they eat or where they live
Endangered
Specialists
Extinct
Generalists
A species that plays a far more important in its community than its relative abundance might suggest.
Keystone Species
Pioneer Species
Indicator Species
Exotic Species
What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?
bacteria
rain
fungi
car exhaust
A science class wanted to test to see how fertilizer impacts algae growth in a small tank. They filled up 3 tanks with pond water. In tank 1 they added 0.5g of fertilizer, in tank 2 they added 1.0g of fertilizer. In tank three, they didn't add any fertilizer. They put all three tanks under a lamp to simulate sunlight/help promote growth. Over the next three weeks they measured how much algae grew in each tank. What is the independent variable of this experiment?
how much fertilizer was added to each tank
how much algae grew after 3 weeks
putting all three tanks under a grow lamp
the use of pond water
A science class wanted to test to see how fertilizer impacts algae growth in a small tank. They filled up 3 tanks with pond water. In tank 1 they added 0.5g of fertilizer, in tank 2 they added 1.0g of fertilizer. In tank three, they didn't add any fertilizer. They put all three tanks under a lamp to simulate sunlight/help promote growth. Over the next three weeks they measured how much algae grew in each tank. What is the dependent variable of this experiment?
how much fertilizer was added to each tank
how much algae grew after 3 weeks
putting all three tanks under a grow lamp
the use of pond water
The insects in the habitat would increase.
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
The willow tree population would decrease.
Foxes would die due to no food source.
This type of irrigation is considered the most efficient but is very costly.
Drip Irrigation
Flood irrigation
Furrow irrigation
Spray irrigation
A permeable surface results in ___________ runoff than an impervious surface.
more
less
the same amount
What is the definition of the tragedy of the commons?
When humans overuse a natural resource
When the short-term, positive effects go to the individual, while the long-term, negative effects are spread out to the group
When humans act selfishly, thinking of their own self-interest
When plants and animals compete for space, resources, and/or food
Which of the following do you expect would be true of the more affluent regions of the world?
eat more meat
eat more grain
eat more sustainable food
eat lower on the food chain (vegetarian)
Wind occurs because hot air rises and cool air sinks in a process called...
conduction
radiation
convection
During an El Nino, trade winds are typically...
about average
stronger
weaker
The picture represents a(n) ___ event.
El Nino
La Nina
Non-El Nino (normal conditions)
What may be added to acidic water to neutralize it?
sulfur nitrate
calcium carbonate
iron oxide
magnesium sulfate
Acid mine drainage results from the release of what element from the mineral pyrite?
sulfur
carbpm
chlorine
nitrogen
Which type of fishing has high rates of bycatch and highly destructive of benthic communities.
Pole Fishing
Long Line Fishing
Purse Seining
Trawling
The graph above shows the change in Canada’s harvest of Atlantic Cod from 1950-2004. What change occurred between 1992-1993?
The stocks of Atlantic Cod collapsed.
Harvests of Atlantic Cod rapidly decreased.
Canada declared a moratorium to all cod fishing in Newfoundland and Labrador.
All of the above.
