WorksheetsExperiments
Total questions: 20
Worksheet time: 11mins
What is most characteristic for experiments as a research method?
Method of data analysis
Method of data collection
Method of questioning
What is not a characteristic of an experiment?
Researchers have control over IV
Variables can be manipulated
Two groups are observed
Two groups are experiment groups
A pilot study....
... has the goal of testing hypotheses.
...is supposed to demonstrate an already accepted theory.
... is supposed to broaden the knowledge base of a hypothesis.
Which type of experimental design allows full control over independent variable and external influences?
Strict experiment
Quasi-experiment
Ex-post-facto-study
Correlation study
Which experimental design allows an interdependence analysis while external factors are not controlled?
Strict experiment
Quasi-experiment
Ex-post-facto-study
Correlation study
Why is the concept of variance so important in experiments?
It is important to understand manipulation and control.
It is important to understand different types of results.
It is important to understand different types of phenomena.
Select all types of variance that are part of total variance. (Multiple answers)
Primary variance
Error variance
Control variance
Secondary variance
Random error variance
What does primary variance mean?
Changes in the DV are a result of manipulating IV.
Changes in DV are a result of outside factors.
A non-systematic error affects the DV inconsistently.
What does secondary variance mean?
Changes in the DV are a result of manipulating IV.
Changes in DV are a result of outside factors.
A non-systematic error affects the DV inconsistently.
What does random error mean?
Changes in the DV are a result of manipulating IV.
Changes in DV are a result of outside factors.
A non-systematic error affects the DV inconsistently.
What is the Max-Con-Min Principle of experimental design?
Maximize primary variance, control secondary variance, minimize error variance
Maximize secondary variance, control error variance, minimize primary variance
Maximize error variance, control primary variance, minimize secondary variance
How can a researcher maximize primary variance? (Multiple answers)
Maximizing levels of DV
Searching for optimal levels of IV
Observing effects of several levels of DV
Maximize levels of IV
Observing effects of several levels of IV
What is NOT a way to minimize error variance and thus the influence of confounding variables?
Eliminate undesirable influences
Create uniform, unchanging conditions
Distribute specific characteristics of the subjects equally to treatment groups
Carefully dividing groups in an organized way
Which aspects can a researcher control for when an experiment is conducted (experimental control techniques)?
The apparatus
The experimental design
The statistial analysis
What is not an advantage of experiments?
Precision
Replicablitiy
Inductive theory building
Identification of unknown factors
Hypotheses stand at the beginning of experiments. What is NOT a criteria how a researcher can test the qualitiy of the hypotheses?
Testability and falsifiablity
Precision and relevance of the theory
Occam's Razor
Testability and operationalization
After building your hypotheses you now have to think about your experimental design. Which design do you choose if you want to reach the highest causal theoretical significance?
Quasi-experiments
Ex-post-facto study
Strict experiments
Correlation study
You have set up your experimental design. You have decided on the instrumentation of the experiment and recruited the trial participants. Now you are thinking about the type of instructions you give. You want to keep your participants' "naivety". Which one do you choose?
Complete information
Wrong information
Incomplete information
During evaluation and data analysis, statistical hypothesis are rejected or confirmed. Among all multivariate analysis methods, which one is the most important for experiments?
Regression analysis
Cluster analysis
Variance analysis
Multidimensional scaling
Last question... Why is the Milgram experiment according to the characteristics of experiments not really an experiment?
Because they do not inform the participants properly.
Because there is no control group.
Because there is no real experimental design.
Because there is no manipulation.
