Worksheets8th Grade Mid-term (ch#1- Ch#5)
Total questions: 55
Worksheet time: 37mins
The current model of our Solar System is called the heliocentric model, which means the Sun is at the center. Before scientists developed the current model, which is best supported by evidence, what was believed to be the center of our solar system?
The Solar System had no center because all of the planets' orbits were random.
A star other than the Sun was the center of the Solar System.
A black hole was the center of the Solar System.
Earth was the center of the Solar System
Which of these choices states Newton’s law of universal gravitation?
As a planet moves around its orbit, the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal amounts of time.
The orbit of a planet, or other body, around the sun is an ellipse, with the sun at one focus of the ellipse.
The square of a planet’s orbital period is proportional to the cube of the planet’s mean distance from the sun.
Gravitational force increases as the mass of an object increases or as the distance between two objects decreases.
The surface of Mercury has many more craters than the surface of Earth has.
Which of the following statements best explains why Mercury has many more craters than Earth has?
Mercury rotates faster than Earth does.
Mercury has a smaller mass than Earth has.
Mercury is much closer to the Sun than Earth is.
Mercury has a thinner atmosphere than Earth has.
Kevin is describing the orbit of Earth.
At what point in Earth’s orbit is Earth closest to the sun?
When Earth reaches aphelion
When Earth reaches its average distance from the sun
When Earth reaches perihelion
When Earth reaches its slowest speed
The distance between objects, along with the masses of the objects, affect the gravitational force between the objects.
Which statement is true according to Newton’s law of universal gravitation?
When the masses of objects increase, gravitational force decreases.
When distance between objects increases, gravitational force decreases.
When distance between objects decreases, gravitational force decreases.
When the masses of objects decrease, the distance between objects decreases.
Eric is creating a timeline of the formation of the solar system.
Which flow chart best describes the formation of the solar system?
Solar nebula → protostellar disk → nuclear fusion → sun → planetesimals →planets
Solar nebula → protostellar disk → nuclear fusion → planetesimals →planets → sun
Protostellar disk → nuclear fusion → sun → solar nebula → planetesimals → planets
Solar nebula →nuclear fusion → sun → planets → planetesimals → protostellar disk
People sometimes talk about seeing shooting stars.
What do they actually see?
A meteoroid traveling through space
A meteor that burns up in the atmosphere close enough to see
A star that is moving through the galaxy
A comet that has come close enough to Earth’s atmosphere to be seen
The terrestrial planets include Mars, Venus, Earth, and which other planet?
Mercury
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Astronomers use cameras on Earth and in orbit to observe the solar system and other objects in space. Suppose that a camera on Earth takes a picture of an astronomical event. The picture shows an object that is large, dark, and has a bright area immediately around it. Which event does this picture most likely show?
Total solar eclipse
Total lunar eclipse
Waning gibbous moon
Waxing crescent moon
Which of the following is a common characteristic of winter compared to summer?
Noon sun lower in the sky
Higher daytime temperatures
More daily hours of sunlight
Longer days and shorter nights
Cassie is writing an equation to show the effect of the gravitational pull of the sun and the moon on tidal range.
Which equation would Cassie use to show the effect of the sun and the moon on spring tides?
Sun + moon = spring tides
Sun + Earth = spring tides
Moon – sun = spring tides
Earth – moon = spring tides
Why does the Earth have seasons?
The tilt of the Earth on its axis
The Earth's shadow being cast on the Moon
The elliptical orbit of the Earth as it orbits around the Sun
The relative positions of the Earth, Moon, & Sun
What causes a solar eclipse to occur?
the Earth, Moon, and Sun line up in a straight line.
the Moon moves between the Sun and the Earth
the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon
the Sun moves between the Earth and the Moon
A lunar eclipse occurs at which moon phase?
quarter moon
new moon
crescent moon
full moon
Neap tides occur when the Earth, Sun and Moon are
At a 90 degree angle
In a straight line
Why does Jupiter have a longer year than Earth?
it is farther away from the sun
it has more gravity
it has more mass
Scientists use the light-year to describe the relationships between objects in space. What does a light-year measure?
the distance that light can travel in one year
the brightness of light that travels through space
the number of years it takes light to travel to Earth
the time it takes light to travel 1 million km
The sun is much larger than the moon. However, as viewed from Earth, the sun and moon appear to be the same size. Why do the sun and moon appear to be the same size when viewed from Earth?
The moon is much hotter than the sun.
The moon is much denser than the sun.
The moon is much brighter than the sun.
The moon is much closer to Earth than the sun.
Which term best describes the shape of the orbits of planets in our solar system?
centripetal
circular
elliptical
spherical
What role did gravity play in the formation of the sun?
Gravity caused the protoplanetary disk to become a planetesimal, which became the sun.
Gravity caused the protoplanetary disk to rotate and form a solar nebula, which became the sun
Gravity caused the solar nebula to collapse toward the center, causing the center to be dense and hot.
Gravity caused small particles to collide to form larger particles called planetesimals, which eventually formed the sun.
Felix examined several photos of stars. To compare their temperatures, he looked at the colors of the stars. He organized the photos in order from coolest to hottest. Which of these answers shows the correct order?
red, yellow, white, blue
white, blue, yellow, red
yellow, white, blue, red
blue, yellow, white, red
Which statement best describes stars?
Large planets that are composed mostly of gases
Celestial bodies made up of gas that give off light
Faint dots of light that can be seen from Earth's surface
Objects that form in the outer parts of the solar system
Two stars have the same apparent magnitude as seen from Earth’s surface. Star A is 33 light-years away. Star B is 346 light-years away. Which of the following claims is supported by the evidence?
Star B is larger than star A
Star B is more luminous than star A
The stars have the same absolute magnitude
Star A has a smaller absolute magnitude
The sun produces large amounts of energy. By what process does the sun produce energy?
radiation
convection
nuclear fusion
electromagnetic radiation
Which of the following pairs of terms directly relates to the actual brightness of a star?
absolute magnitude and luminosity
apparent magnitude and luminosity
size and luminosity
absolute magnitude and apparent magnitude
Which term best describes the movement of matter due to temperature differences in the sun?
conduction
convection
nuclear fusion
radiation
Scientists have determined that the sun will continue to consume hydrogen in its core for another five billion years or so. After the hydrogen is consumed, what will be its primary fuel?
Helium
Magnetism
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Luis is comparing two stars in the Milky Way galaxy. How can Luis tell which star has the greater temperature?
brightness
apparent magnitude
color
absolute magnitude
Which of the following can affect our communications grid?
sunspots
revolution of planets
phases of the moon
apparent magnitude
What is unique about the rotation of the sun?
It spins way faster than the planets.
It spins extremely slow.
The top half spins one direction and the bottom half spins the opposite direction.
Some areas spin faster than others.
What are the layers of the sun's atmosphere?
Core, chromosphere, corona
Photosphere, radiative zone, corona
Radiative zone, chromosphere, core
Photosphere, chromosphere, corona
__________are objects that orbit planets.
Asteroids
Moons
Comets
Planets
Why is Venus so much hotter even though it is further away from the Sun?
Venus doesn’t have an atmosphere which causes the planet to become much hotter than other planets.
Venus’ atmosphere is so dense that heat is trapped and can barely escape, making it hotter than other planets.
Venus has different layers in our atmosphere which causes Venus to be hotter.
Venus atmosphere is so thin that heat is able to pass through and make the planet hotter.
Which of the earlier models of the Solar System, Geocentric or Heliocentric, is most similar to the Solar System as we know it to be today and why?
A. Geocentric, because only the moon is shown orbiting the Earth.
B. Geocentric, which includes all eight planets.
C. Heliocentric, which includes all nine planets.
D. Heliocentric, because the planets are orbiting the Sun.
Shelby filled three empty soda bottles with 5 g of steel wool, a material used for cleaning that also rusts quickly. She added 100 mL of water to each bottle and then resealed the bottle. She placed each bottle in one of three different locations: in a refrigerator at 3 °C, in a room at 25 °C, and in a warm kitchen at 30 °C. She observed the bottles every day for a week and recorded the amount of rust that formed on the steel wool. Which research question does this experiment best investigate?
Does a gas form when steel wool rusts?
Does the temperature in a room vary widely over time?
Does the amount of water effect how quickly steel wool rusts?
Does temperature affect the amount of rust that forms on steel wool?
Kyle wanted to see which gum had the most sugar. He chose four different brands of gum. He weighed each piece. Then he chewed each piece for 10 minutes. After that, he let the gum dry and weighed it again. He recorded his data in the table below. What is the independent variable in Kyle's experiment?
the weight of the final dried gum
the time chewed
the change in weight of the gum
the brand of gum
Which answer best explains how this happened?
What would slow down this process of breaking down the plant material in a compost pile?
Which of the following would be the best way to remove the water so that you're left with only salt?
C6H12O6 is the chemical formula for glucose, a type of sugar. Which statement is true about glucose?
Glucose is an element, because it can be separated into smaller components.
Glucose is an element, because it is made up of more than one kind of atom.
Glucose is a compound, because it is made of more than one element.
Glucose is a compound, because it is made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
a pure substance
anything that occupies space and possesses mass
an element
a compound
In a chemical reaction, the substances that react with each other are called the _____ . The new substances that are formed are called the _____ .
products; reactants
reactants; products
How does the concept of conservation of mass apply to chemical reactions?
The reactants and products have exactly the same atoms.
The reactants and products have exactly the same molecules.
The change in the amount of matter is equal to the change in energy.
The change in the amount of matter is only a small percentage of the total mass.
The amount of matter in an object.
matter
mass
weight
density
Substances that make up mixtures are not held together by __________________.
bonding agents
the strong force
chemical bonds
stocks and bonds
Which property is not a size-dependent property?
mass
volume
density
weight
